Expert answer:Need engineering homework help with Literature Rev
Answer & Explanation:hey, Can you help me with the literature review about the above subject as it is explained in the attached power-point. How to do literature review by Sumesh (1).pptx
how_to_do_literature_review_by_sumesh__1_.pptx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
By
Dr. Sumesh E P
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
2
Presentation Outline
Need of Literature review and Sources
LR Process
Steps involved
Literature Review do’s and don’t
examples
Queries???
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
3
Need of Literature review
and Sources
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
4
Two Major Parts of Review of
Related Literature
Conceptual Literature
It contains literature coming from books, journalism,
and other forms of material, concerning or relevant to
the study, but are data-free or non – empirical material,
coming from both foreign and local sources.
Research Literature
These are empirically – based, like scientific paper,
theses, and dissertations, both published and
unpublished, coming from local and foreign sources.
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
5
Purpose of Review of Related
Literature
It gives researcher several ideas on how to select and formulate his own
research problem.
It helps the researcher identify studies that have been done related to
the topic he is interested in.
It avoids possible duplication of similar studies.
It guides the researcher on the possible theoretical framework he can
use for his current study
It gives direction to the researcher on how he will create his own
conceptual framework.
It allows the researcher to browse several kinds of research designs,
sampling techniques, statistical procedures, questionnaires and
processes of presenting, analyzing , and interpreting data, from where
he could base his own choice for his paper.
It gives a picture of a comparative analysis between variables used in
reviewed materials and those used in the current study.
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
6
Bases for a Good Review of Related
Literature
The review material must be current.
Literature and studies reviewed must be relevant to the
study.
Findings or result of reviewed study should be objective
and free of biases.
The data used in the reviewed materials should be
scrutinized in terms of sampling technique used to ensure
that generalizations are based on normal population.
Reviewed materials related to the current study should be
enough to establish a strong and viable trending of result.
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
7
Sources of Related Literature and
Studies
Graduate theses and Dissertation
Encyclopedia of Educational research
Books
Internet sites and resources (website, e-journals, e-
books)
Dictionaries in education and psychology
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
8
Identifying the Relevant Articles
Look for articles names and abstracts, the closer they
seem to your key constructs the better they are.
You will find two types of articles:
Reputable
Recent
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
9
Identifying Reputable Articles
Look for the ‘Cited by’ number
The higher the number, the more reputable the article
Select 2-3 most relevant and reputable articles
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
10
Identifying
Recent
Articles
Filter the results to get
the articles from the
last 4 years, e.g. click
‘Since 2009’
Select 2-3 most relevant
articles
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
11
LR Process
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
12
The Literature Review Process
Select a
Topic
Write the
Review
Search the
Literature
Critique
the
Literature
Develop
your
Argument
Survey
the
Literature
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
13
Select a Topic
Read your assignment carefully!
Ask for clarification from professor
Talk over your ideas with someone
Scan academic journals
Read professional blogs and listservs
Look for Research Agendas on professional association
websites
Focus your topic
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
14
Search the Literature
Types of sources that can be included:
Books, Articles, Abstracts, Reviews, Dissertations and
theses, Research reports, Websites, Films, Etc.
Identify the most important / useful databases for your
discipline
Develop an understanding of the academic
terminology for your field of study
Determine time frame
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
15
Search the Literature
Look for empirical and theoretical literature
Include primary and secondary sources
Identify classic or seminal (creative or original) studies
Identify important authors who are contributing to the
development of your topic
Use a system to organize and manage material
From the very beginning
RefWorks or other bibliographic management software
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
16
Develop your Argument
This step is a planning step – you will develop these
arguments in the next two steps: surveying and critiquing
the literature
“you must build a case for what is known about your topic
and determine how this knowledge addresses the research
question.” – Machi and McEvoy, 2009
Develop two types of arguments:
Argument of discovery – develop findings that present the
current state of knowledge about your research interest
Argument of advocacy – analyze and critique the knowledge
gained from developing the argument of discovery to answer
the research question
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
17
Develop your Argument
Analyze the claims within the literature to develop your
arguments
Claim – the argument’s declaration or assertion
Evidence – data that define and support the claim
Types of claims
Fact
Worth
Policy
Concept
Interpretation
You must present all sides of a question; your argument
must be balanced
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
18
+ Survey and Critique the
Literature
Develops the discovery argument and the advocacy
argument
Answers the questions:
“What do we know about the subject of our study?”
“Based on what we know, what conclusions can we draw about
the research question?”
Critically assess each piece of literature you have gathered
to analyze its content
You need to be:
5/6/2019
Methodical
Systematic
Rigorous
Consistent
E.P.Sumesh
19
+ Survey and Critique the
Literature
Stage 1: Skim and Read
Skim first – note topic, structure, general reasoning,
data, and bibliographical references
Go back and skim the prefaced and introduction, trying
to identify main ideas contained in the work
Identify key parts of the article or key chapters in books
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
20
+ Survey and Critique the
Literature
Stage 2: Highlight and Extract Key Elements
Trying to understand historical context and current state
Identify themes, trends, patterns
Also looking for gaps and anomalies
Key questions to ask of the literature:
5/6/2019
What are the origins and definitions of the topic?
What are the key theories, concepts, and ideas?
What are the major debates, arguments, and issues?
What are the key questions and problems that have been addressed
to date?
Are there any important issues that have been insufficiently
addressed to date?
E.P.Sumesh
21
Write the Review
Use the results of your analysis and critique of the
literature to develop the organization of your review
Develop a detailed outline
Identify the themes and/or patterns that have emerged
Translate these into headings and subheadings
Be sure your outline is logical
Be selective with the literature you include
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
22
Write the Review
Synthesis synthesis synthesis!
Reorganize and reassemble all of the separate pieces
and details to create an integrated whole
Make connections between and among ideas and
concepts
Never present a chain of isolated summaries of
previous studies
The synthesis needs to build a knowledge base AND
extend new lines of thinking
Remember – this is your entry into the conversation
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
23
Write the Review
Writing a literature review is a creative activity
“An imaginative approach to searching and reviewing
the literature includes having a broad view of the
topic; being open to new ideas, methods, and
arguments; ‘playing’ with different ideas to see
whether you can make new linkages; and following
ideas to see where they might lead.” – Bloomberg and
Volpe, 2008
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
24
How to structure your LR
Use the inverted pyramid concept
Broad introduction to topic
At the end of your literature review
the reader must have only one
thought in their heads…….
level of detail
That this research question must
be answered!
Your research question
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
25
What are the questions an LR must
answer?
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
26
Who can you trust?
journal papers, conference papers, books, media releases,
websites
What you may need to consider when assessing the
information:
✓
Who wrote it and why did they write it (what info did
they leave out, how did they ‘spin’ the results, etc.)?
✓
Where was it published and how was it reviewed/edited
(i.e. journal paper or Kosmo)?
✓
When was it published (and what info has come out
since)?
✓
Are the conclusions valid based on the results?
✓
How rigorous were the tests performed/data analysed
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
27
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
28
How questions influence search
results
High =
lots of
articles
Broad
Questions
Retrieval
(# of search
results)
Narrow
Questions
Low =
very few
articles
Low = mostly
irrelevant articles
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
Relevancy
High = directly
relevant articles
29
Steps involved
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
30
Step 1
•
•
Google to expand list of search terms
Search via Scopus/Web of Science/ScienceDirect
•
•
Sort by relevance
Screen your reading:
•
•
Read titles only, skipping less relevant ones
Scan read relevant abstracts
•
Download relevant papers, speed read intro, results,
discussion and conclusion, read slowly around key points
•
Only read methods in detail for papers that are key to
your argument or controversial (e.g. contradict
mainstream view)
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
31
Step 2
•
Take a step back from your min dmap branches, spider legs or list of
themes:
•
•
•
•
•
Group into as few as possible major themes (3-6), think what story
you could tell to link these themes coherently (these become subheadings in review)
Think about what sub-themes fit under each of these major
themes, and their order
Number themes and sub-themes 1, 1a, 1b etc.
Go for a walk, forget about work and let your review gradually
structure settle in your mind
Try and get some distance from your work, so you can come back and
see a bird’s eye view of your whole story in your mind, to check if it
really holds together coherently
•
5/6/2019
Revisit your structure (min dmap, post-its, Word file) and make
any changes based on insights from your morning’s reflections
E.P.Sumesh
32
Step 3
•
•
•
•
You now have a map you can follow to write your
literature review
Create sub-headings, go to relevant section of Excel
file, re-read the material under that section and put
into your own words, citing the literature it came
from
Add your own reflections to each section
Conclude:
•
•
5/6/2019
Summarise your story, including key arguments
Draw out your main personal reflections re: what it
all means and why it is important
E.P.Sumesh
33
Literature Review do’s and
don’t
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
34
How LR should be
Your literature review is
Expansive: contains a wide range of relevant journal
articles
Deep: it contains most reputable (seminal) papers in
your subject area
Academically sound: quotes a vast range of academic
literature
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
35
How LR should be
•
•
•
•
A literature review is a type of essay
Summarises the key literature written on a subject
(rarely exhaustive)
A story that summarises material in a logical order,
composed of critical arguments, concluding with
your own reflections on the most important insights
that emerge
Mainly based on peer-reviewed material (>50%)
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
36
How LR should be
•
•
•
•
Learn how to speed read – you don’t need to read
every word of every paper you cite
Stay focused on your question(s) so you can extract
the key points
Organise what you’ve read efficiently
Find a system to link key points together into critical
arguments as part of an overall story
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
37
What a Literature Review CAN BE
Part of a larger research study (like a thesis or
dissertation), the literature review…
Sets the broad context of the study
Sets the scope of the study
Justifies the scope and context of the study
Establishes the theoretical framework
Justifies the methodology of the study
Makes an argument
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
38
What a Literature Review is NOT
It is not an annotated bibliography
It is not just a descriptive list
It is not a basic summative report of what you’ve read
on the topic – you need to be saying something
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
39
What a Literature Review Must Do
Be ORGANIZED around your thesis statement or
research question(s)
SYNTHESIZE results into a summary of what is known
and not know on your topic
Identify areas of CONTROVERSY
Formulate questions for FURTHER RESEARCH
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
40
A Few Considerations
If your literature review is part of an original research
study, read about your chosen methodology to
determine when you should review the literature
5/6/2019
For some methods, the literature should be reviewed before,
during, or after data collection
E.P.Sumesh
41
Queries????
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
42
Question and Answer
How to conduct an academic literature review?
How to identify relevant papers for your literature
review?
How to include a large number of sources?
How to identify and include recent literature?
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
43
References
The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success –
Lawrence A. Machi, Brenda T. McEvoy, SAGE
Publications, 2009
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
44
Thank you
5/6/2019
E.P.Sumesh
45
…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
How it works
- Paste your instructions in the instructions box. You can also attach an instructions file
- Select the writer category, deadline, education level and review the instructions
- Make a payment for the order to be assignment to a writer
- Download the paper after the writer uploads it
Will the writer plagiarize my essay?
You will get a plagiarism-free paper and you can get an originality report upon request.
Is this service safe?
All the personal information is confidential and we have 100% safe payment methods. We also guarantee good grades