Expert answer:Need legal help to discuss the privatization of co

Answer & Explanation:Discuss the privatization of correctional services.  What are some of the arguments for and against privatization?around 400 – 500 words.please do not bid over 5, I will not accept it anywayChapter_13 (1).pptx
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Justice, Crime, and Ethics
8th Edition
Chapter 13
Ethical Issues in Probation,
Parole, and Community
Corrections
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
1
The Mission of Probation and Parole
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Defining the mission of community supervision.
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Restorative justice model
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Officers are supposed to provide services to offenders while also
monitoring them so that the community is protected from new crime
Concerned with reparations to the victim and involvement
of the victim in the criminal justice process, remorse and accountability
for the offenders, and peace and justice for the community
Important ethical concerns:
◼
Does society have any obligation to provide assistance to
victims and offenders?
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Recent research suggests reasonable blend of punishment and
treatment
Behavioral contract
Restoration of voting rights?
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
2
The Effectiveness of Community
Corrections
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Probation often effective
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Research regarding parole has shown discouraging
results
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Effectiveness varies by state
66 percent either discharged early or completed term
52 percent either discharged early or completed sentence
Slight advantage over release directly from prison
Ethical issues for community corrections
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What duty does society have to help offenders?
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Job training
Education
Substance abuse programs
Effective probation/parole officers
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
The Ethics of Probation Fees
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Program fees
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Service fees
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Supervision fees charged to all probationers
Specific services such as drug treatment
programs
Fees can easily become insurmountable
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Approximately $100 per month
Back-end net-widening
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Probation revoked due to revocation
4
Acceptable Penal Content
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Von Hirsch contends that making offenders advertise
their offense robs them of their dignity
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Proponents feel it enhances the punishment value of
community corrections
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Evaluations of intensive supervision in Georgia, Illinois,
and New Jersey have reported positive reactions of line
personnel
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Intermediate punishment poses the problem of role
conflict:
◼
Tension between the correctional worker’s control function and
his or her casework function—having to be both a police officer
and a social worker
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
5
Intensive Supervision Issues
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The major issue in intensive supervision can be
labeled a “truth in advertising” issue
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Intensive supervision promoted as cure for the failure of
traditional probation to decrease recidivism
A major evaluation concluded there was no difference
between intensive supervision and routine supervision
programs
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Treatment-oriented supervision is more effective than
supervision without treatment dimensions
The most accurate summary statement about
intensive supervision is that is can serve as a
probation enhancement
Privacy Concerns
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
6
Officer Concerns in Intensive
Supervision Programs
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Several scenarios of effects:
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Popular acceptance by workers
Initial euphoria followed by more negative
attitudes
Officers assigned regular probation
caseloads may resent the special status and
pay of intensive supervision officers
Role conflict
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
7
Offender Concerns
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25% of offenders chose prison over intensive
supervision
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Class bias
◼ Some offenders may not have a private home
and would thus be ineligible for house arrest
◼ Some may not be able to afford the
supervision fees associated with intensive
supervision or house arrest
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
8
Privatization
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Should states privatize probation and parole or keep them
public?
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One response is to spell out the private agency’s
responsibility to offenders in a carefully devised contract
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Proponents argue that privatizing reduces costs and that private
enterprise can do things more efficiently
Opponents argue that government can be efficient and effective
Opponents also argue the point of whether the profit motive can
debase corrections
Monitor implementation
Opponents :
◼
If the state wants to end a contract, there would have to be
another provider ready and willing to step in
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
9
Privatization
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Private probation appears to be growing
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High percentage of prosecutors and defense
attorney’s endorse private programs
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Concerns over costs
More emphasis on fee collection
Private probation agencies can be overly selective
of clients
◼ Reports of increased success misleading
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
10
Supervision of Sex Offenders
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Sex offender supervision generally effective
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Containment approach
Some offenders more likely to succeed than others
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Problems finding suitable housing
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U.S. v. Comstock:
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Is it ethical to keep someone locked up who
has completed prison sentence?
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
11
The Use of Volunteers
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The basic issue here is simply whether it is
responsible to use volunteers in the first place
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The use of volunteers, especially if to save money,
reduces jobs for professional corrections employees
If volunteers are doing something that a paid
officer would not or could not do, then they may
serve their purpose
◼
Volunteers may be able to establish “one-on-one”
relationships with offenders
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
12
Summary
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One of the principal ethical issues is the
question of the purpose or mission of
probation, parole, and other types of
community corrections
◼
It is essential to find the balance between the
more punitive approaches to supervision and
the approaches that are guided by
rehabilitation and peacemaking models
Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
13
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