Expert answer:Need help with study guide on poltical ideology qu

Answer & Explanation:1. For most of the 20th century, the clash of three ideologies – liberalism, conservatism, and communism – dominated world politics. a. True b. False ____ 2. According to Sir Isaiah Berlin, the two factors that have shaped human history more than any others are technology and ideology. a. True b. False ____ 3. All ideologies try to make sense of the world in order to change it for the better. a. True b. False ____ 4. The term “ideology” originally meant the scientific study of ideas. a. True b. False ____ 5. Ideologies are mostly concerned with the way the world should be and not overly concerned with the way the world is. a. True b. False ____ 6. Religion is a type of ideology. a. True b. False ____ 7. Political theories tend to be more abstract and more principled than political ideologies. a. True b. False ____ 8. All political ideologies have their roots in scientific theory. a. True b. False ____ 9. Democracy is a type of ideology. a. True b. False ____ 10. All ideologies assume that it is the “nature” of human beings to compete with one another in hopes of acquiring the greatest possible share of scarce resources. a. True b. False ____ 11. The term “revolution” originally meant a revolving or return or completion of a cycle. a. True b. False ____ 12. The way political positions are now commonly described as left, right, or center is an historical after-effect of the American Revolution. a. True b. False ____ 13. The term “radical” comes from the Greek radikalos, meaning “crazy” or “mad.” a. True b. False ____ 14. Nationalism and anarchism are two of the most powerful forces in modern, present day politics. a. True b. False ____ 15. The Greek root of our word “anarchy,” an archos, means “chaos and confusion.” a. True b. False ____ 16. Which of the following statements about political ideologies is FALSE? a. Political ideologies usually claim to promote freedom. b. Political ideologies try to unite thought with action. c. Political ideologies sometimes simplify ideas to appeal to large numbers of people. d. All of the answers to this question are true. ____ 17. When an ideology performs the function of explanation, it helps us to… a. figure out what to do and how to do it. b. make sense of complex events and conditions. c. find our social identity and location. d. decide whether policies and conditions are good, bad, or indifferent. ____ 18. When an ideology performs the function of orientation, it helps us to… a. figure out what to do and how to do it. b. make sense of complex events and conditions. c. find our social identity and location. d. decide whether policies and conditions are good, bad, or indifferent. ____ 19. When an ideology performs the function of evaluation, it helps us to… a. figure out what to do and how to do it. b. make sense of complex events and conditions. c. find our social identity and location. d. decide whether policies and conditions are good, bad, or indifferent. ____ 20. When an ideology performs the function of political program, it helps us to… a. figure out what to do and how to do it. b. make sense of complex events and conditions. c. find our social identity and location. d. decide whether policies and conditions are good, bad, or indifferent. ____ 21. People who try to persuade others to accept their ideology are… a. ideologues. b. extremists. c. radicals. d. politicos. ____ 22. A(n) _______ statement tries to describe or explain things the way they are. a. religious b. normative c. ideological d. empirical ____ 23. A(n) _______ statement tries to prescribe how things should be. a. religious b. normative c. ideological d. empirical ____ 24. According to Ball and Dagger, which of the following is an ideology? a. anarchism b. nationalism c. terrorism d. None of the answers to this question are ideologies according to Ball and Dagger ____ 25. Some idea or conception of human nature is important to political ideology because… a. it provides an indication of how the ideology wants to change or reshape human nature. b. it shows how ideologies use scientific studies of human nature for their own purposes. c. it explains why ideologies are so attractive to so many people. d. it sets the limits of what the ideology considers to be possible to achieve politically. ____ 26. The fact that ideologies have differing conceptions of freedom indicates… a. an essentially contested concept. b. the difficulty with empirical measurements of human nature. c. a flaw in MacCallum’s triadic model. d. all of the answers to this question are correct. ____ 27. According to MacCallum’s triadic model, freedom is… a. something that all ideologies claim to promote. b. something that some ideologies defend but others attack. c. a matter of being free from obstacles in order to pursue a goal. d. a right that all agents have to pursue happiness in whatever way they choose. ____ 28. According to MacCallum’s triadic model, the three aspects of freedom are… a. people, revolutions, and outcomes. b. ideas, laws, and desires. c. parties, negotiations, and policies. d. agents, obstacles, and goals. ____ 29. Which political ideology tends to be suspicious of revolutions because its low estimate of human nature generally leads it to believe that sweeping improvements in society are practically impossible? a. conservatism b. fascism c. liberalism d. radicalism ____ 30. ________ was the first of the political ideologies. a. Conservatism b. Democracy c. Liberalism d. Enlightenment ____ 31. Which of the following statements about nationalism/nationalists is FALSE? a. Nationalists believe that people who share a common birth should be united in a political body. b. One difficulty with nationalism is determining just what a nation is. c. Nationalists believe that all governments are immoral because they deprive the nation of freedom. d. All of the answers to this question are true. ____ 32. A(n) ________ is someone who advocates abolishing the state. a. anarchist b. communist c. nationalist d. terrorist

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