Expert answer:System Approach to Organizational Change

Expert answer:Unit 2 Discussion Discuss the industry in which your organization operates. Include significant recent trends in the industry or environmental factors that have affected your organization (such as higher fuel prices for a trucking firm). Potential factors include government regulation, new competitors, substitute products or new technologies. Requirements: – Learner successfully addressed the concept(s) of the Discussion topic – 5 pts max. – Learner successfully incorporates a minimum of two scholarly sources in the initial post to support their position – 5 pts max. – Learner met the criteria for academic writing (i.e. no spelling or grammar errors, properly formatted paragraphs, APA formatting used for references, etc.) – 5 pts max. – Learner met the 250-word count minimumOne reference is the reading material that is provided.

Nassar, N.S. (2007). Bethel University, College of Professional Studies. (Savant Learning Systems) Retrieved from Bethel University, College of Professional Studies: htts://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps
unit_1_discussion_answer.doc

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Running head: UNIT 1 DISCUSSION
1
Unit 1 Discussion
Name
Institution
UNIT 1 DISCUSSION
2
Unit 1 Discussion
There are many types of organization which involves in itself in various business
activities. These organizations usually offer goods and services to their customers enabling the
company to grow and increase profit. Many companies typically operate in different industries
many due to the competition present in such sector. For any business to operate in the long-run,
it must ensure that it becomes innovative with efficient and competent employees and be able to
offset any level of competition in the industry. Apple Inc. The company was my previous
employer, and it is one of a multinational technology company in the country.
The company is located in the United State of America with its main headquarter found
in California. The company was founded in April 1976 and has had several executives since its
inception. Apple Inc. is the first American manufacturer of personal computer and the
popularization of the graphical user interface. The main products that the company deals with are
computer and media products. The company develops, design, manufactures and markets various
mobile communication and media devices, personal computer and music players. When I was
still an employee at the company, the services that the company used to offer to its employee
include networking solutions, software services, third-party digital content, and applications
(Van Den Nieuwenhuizen & Lee, 2012). These services and goods that the Apple Inc. provides
led to its growth of market in various parts of the world including Africa, Asia, Europe and
North America.
The company does not have one industry that it operates but due to competition the
company operates in many types of industries. The company operates in personal computers
industry, entertainment media industry, and the mobile payment industry.
UNIT 1 DISCUSSION
3
The main events of the company are that it has been able to offer vast employment
opportunities to many individuals in different parts of the world (Peterson, 2017). In recent time
the company has been able to produce the Apple mobile phone which is being used by many
people globally. Another event of the company is that it has also provided one of the leading
personal computer the MacBook which is used by many leading organizations. This has enabled
the organization to grow due to its high quality competitive products. The company has also
produced Apple TV which consumers can be able to get digital content for streaming high
definition Medias, playing music’s and games.
The many types of products and services offered by my previous employer Apple Inc.
Apple has made it be one of the fast growing multinational company. The effective executive
and its founder Steve Jobs have the ones who have made the company to grow and continue to
perform in the various industry it operates together with the innovative employees at their ranks.
UNIT 1 DISCUSSION
4
References
Peterson, M. (2017). Philip Kotler, Confronting Capitalism (2015) & Democracy in Decline
(2016). Markets, Globalization & Development Review, 2(1).
Van Den Nieuwenhuizen, J., & Lee, S. (2012). U.S. Patent No. D662, 100. Washington, DC:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Systems
~n~
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Practice
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S
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N
,
J
A
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Unit
5
0
5
1
B
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Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence
To varying degrees, the performance of each
segment affects and is affected by the
performance of all others. The overall health
of the organization depends on the
W
performance
of its components.
I
L
As subprocesses are analyzed, it is possible S
to lose the key component: the interdependence of the subprocesses. All of the subprocesses
must function together. This
O
requires an understanding of the holistic nature of the organization and the environN
ment that surrounds it. As stated earlier, the performance of one element of the organ,
ization affects the performance of all of the others.
The failure of a single family member to perform his or her tasks affects all of the other family members. The failure of a
single employee in a complex, modern organization
to perform assigned tasks will also
J
affect all of the other employees and the organization as a whole.
A
This is universal whether the organization M
is the single family or the modern organiI
zation. The connections between the subfunctions
and the external environment
must be considered.
E
5
0
5
In the example on page 2.8, the automobile door latch
1
company was used to demonstrate that within an
B affects
organization, the performance of each segment
U The
and is affected by the performance of all others.
Industry Level
Interdependence:
connectedness at a higher level
example also highlighted that within an organization,
there are connections that do not necessarily appear
on the organizational chart. Moving to the next level,
the situation with that one small organization could
affect the next level in the organizational hierarchy. For
example, a delay in delivering door latches could produce a delay in the delivery of automobiles to dealers.
Interdependence =
Interconnectedness
@ a larger scale
GM Ford Chrysler
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1960
1970
1980
Although each may be
independent, sales increase
or decrease in one company
may create varying impact on
all others within the industry
Figure 3.1
3.2
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
At the industry level, one major automobile manufacturer’s actions affect
the other major automobile manufacturers. Decisions made by Henry
Clay Ford affect the chief executives
of the other two “Big Three” automakers. (Figure 3.1)
W
Fifty years ago, the “Big Three” were all
I U.S. based companies and dominated the
L world automotive market. Today, one of
S the “Big Three” is Daimler-Chrysler, the
Oresult of a merger between a U.S. company and a German company. This illustrates
N
another level of connectedness: the global level.
Before moving to that level, the
,
national economy should be noted.
GLOBAL
LEVEL
J
Ainternational organization which was able,
Mwith a very small number of active participants, to interrupt the political, economic,
I
and social life of the United States and
Ethe world in general. The economic center
of the United States, New York City, liter5ally stopped. The repercussions of the
0attack were felt
In order to understand the level of inter5around the
world. In comconnectedness in the world today, we can
1
parison, John
look at historical examples for contrast.
B
Brown’s raid
Prior to the middle of the Twentieth
Century, geographic separation defined Uon Harper’s
Ferry, West
the limits of human connectedness.
Virginia, had
Technological advances significantly
significant
altered the transportation industry with
implications,
seemingly irreversible consequences.
but the effect
was localized;
It is generally accepted that one individthe initial
ual, Osama bin Laden, developed an
3.3
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
E
C
O
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O
M
Y
impact did not extend beyond the immediate area.
Certainly, the instantaneous international repercussions
were almost non-existent and were significantly delayed
because of communications speed. Understanding the
interrelated nature of organizations, and its implications, provides the basis for movement from organizational analysis. W
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L
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In the new paradigm, in order to be effective,
managers must focus on the rela,
tionships rather than the specific tasks. In Taylor’s model, managerial efforts are
directed toward identification of the “one best way” to solve a particular problem. In
J
the new paradigm, there can be no “one best way” because the interaction between the
A environment is dynamic. The “one best
various elements of the system and the external
way” today will probably not be so tomorrow.MManagers are therefore confronted with an
environment of uncertainty in which the primary
method of ensuring long-term survival
I
is to manage relationships and to develop a macro-view
E
of the organization and its environment (Kaplan et al.,
Some
2001).the external environment is dynamic.
Environmental
5
The “one best way” today will probably not0be so
5 with an
tomorrow. Managers are therefore confronted
environment of uncertainty in which the primary
1
method of ensuring long-term survival is toBmanage
relationships and to develop a macro-view of the
U
organization and its environment (Kaplan et al.,
2001).
3.4
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Influences that
Affect Businesses
Political
Social
Geographic
Economic
Religious
Made in the USA
When major corporations are involved,
the entire national economy is affected.
Products made in the United States are
not always “U.S. products.” Take
Mercedes Benz, for example. The car
famous for German craftsmanship and
engineering skill is now an Americanmade product. Mercedes Benz opened
its first U.S. manufacturing facility
near Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 1997.
Mercedes Benz manufactures the MClass Sport Utility Vehicle at its Vance,
Alabama plant. A $600 million expansion initiated in 2000 doubled the size
and workforce at the plant after only
three years of operation.
Honda celebrated 25 years of operations at its plant in Maryville, Ohio in
2004. The Marysville plant is one of
four production facilities in Ohio.
Honda also manufactures the Odyssey
minivan at a plant in Lincoln,
Alabama. Nissan is expanding its U.S.
Woperations by constructing a plant in
Canton, Mississippi, a $1.43 billion
I investment, to manufacture minivans
L and Altimas. The Canton facility joins
S Nissan’s Smyrna, Tennessee plant.
OAnd Toyota, manufacturer of the
extremely popular Camry, produces
N most of the Camrys sold in the United
, States at its Georgetown,
Kentucky plant.
J
A
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The British Jaguar automobile is now
owned by the Ford Motor Company.
Honda
5
0Toyota
5
BMW
1
Nissan

B
Honda
U
BMW, another German leader
in the luxury auto market, manufactures two of its models, the
X5 and Z4, at its plant in
Spartanburg, South Carolina.
Like Mercedes, BMW expanded
its plant shortly after opening it
to add additional product lines. Nissan

Mercedes Benz
Japanese auto manufacturers
have a long established presence in the United States.
3.5
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Figure 3.2
Unit Three
Interdependence
Decisions for Discussion
In an attempt to improve the efficiency of processing
unemployment
Wclaims, Indiana’s state government contracted with an
I Indian firm, Tata America International
Corporation, to update its computers. Tata America’s bid
L
for the contract was $15.2 million, $8.1 million less than the next lowest bid. Two
S
other U.S. based companies bid on the contract, but no Indiana firm was large enough
O out that outsourcing the work would
to compete for it. Proponents of the deal pointed
N buying power in fast-growing markets
develop new workforces and increase consumer
such as India, China, and Russia. As many ,as 65 jobs would be created in Indiana
and local subcontractors would be hired.
INDIANA
Governor Joe Kernan cancelled the contractJafter residents of Indiana, outraged at the
A protested. Kernan justified the cancellastate’s award of the contract to a foreign firm,
tion of the contract by saying that the Department
of Workforce Development had
M
structured the invitation to bid on the contract
I in such a way Indiana companies were
“virtually knocked out of the running.” Opponents
charged that state officials had a
E
legal obligation to put Indiana residents first.
5 argued that the contract would have
Department of Workforce Development officials
saved Indiana taxpayers millions and would0not have cost any Indiana citizen a job.
The Indiana legislature responded by introducing
legislation that contracts with state
5
agencies must include the provision that only
1 U.S. citizens authorized to work in the
United States can be hired.
B
U
Discussion Questions
1. Which side do you support?
2. Was the governor justified in canceling the contract?
3. Who would have benefited from the contract?
4. Was Governor Kernan’s decision in the best interest of Indiana’s taxpayers?
3.6
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
Decisions for Discussion
What Can Brown Do for Toshiba?
W
Japanese electronics manufacturer Toshiba and U.S. delivery service
I
provider UPS partnered to provide
Toshiba notebook computer customers improved repair service.
L UPS employees at its Louisville,
Kentucky hub, trained by Toshiba,
repair computers shipped by UPS
S
from UPS Stores. Toshiba notebook owners in need of repair service
O
simply take the computer to one of thousands of UPS Stores and drop it
off. UPS packs the computer and ships it toN
Louisville. At the Louisville facility,
Toshiba certified UPS employees repair the computer
and repack it for return directly
,
to the customer through the UPS delivery system, sometimes by the next day. UPS’s
expertise in household delivery and its network of retail locations compliments its supJ
ply chain management proficiency in the delivery of parts from Toshiba to the
A
Louisville hub for use in the repairs. UPS previously
operated similar arrangements
with InFocus, for digital projectors, and Lexmark
M International, for printers. Under
Toshiba’s old system, repairs typically took Ieight to ten days. With the UPS partnership, repair time, from drop off to return, was reduced to four days.
E
TOSHIBA
5
Discussion Questions:
0
1. How do consumers benefit from this
5 arrangement?
2. How do Toshiba and UPS benefit from
1 this
arrangement?
B
3. Do you think this is a more efficient process than
having consumers ship directly? U
3.7
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
T-Bills in Tokyo?
Most U.S. citizens know that the United States government, through the Department
of the Treasury, sells securities, primarily bills, bonds and notes, to finance government operations. Many people participate in programs where small amounts are
deducted from each paycheck or their bank
Waccount and invested in small denomination Treasury bonds. T-bills and other securities provide a way to invest with an
I
almost zero risk of default.
L
Ownership of U.S. Treasury securities is not
S limited to individuals or to U.S. citizens.
In fact, did you know that foreign governments routinely purchase U.S. Treasury
O
securities? Approximately $1.3 trillion in U.S. Treasury securities are owned by forN
eign governments, primarily through their equivalents
of the Federal Reserve Bank.
,
Japan ($720 billion) and Mainland China ($174
billion) are the largest holders of
U.S. Treasury securities. Why would foreign governments invest in Treasury securities? The primary reason is to protect the value
J of their own currencies in the international currency markets.
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The next 6 pages illustrate examples
of
5
interdependence in different types
of
0
organizations: a tire manufacturer,
5
a college, and a hospital. Study
1
the examples and compare
them to your own
organization.
B
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The Economy
Your Industry
Your
Organization
3.8
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Company Level
Manufacturing Example – Goodyear Tire Co.
OSHA
Regulator
Michelin
Partner /
Competitor
Department
W of
Labor
I
L
Governing
S
Body
O
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,
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Goodyear
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Tire
E
Company
PolyOne
Rubber
Supplier
General Tire
Partner /
Competitor
5
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Local University
Chamber of
Commerce
Community
Partner / Asset
Employer
HR Provider
3.9
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Industry Level
Manufacturing Example – Goodyear Tire Co.
Transportation
Industry
Partner
General Motors
Partner /
Purchaser
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Government
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Regulator
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Tire
Industry
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Steel Industry
Partner /
Supplier
Toyota
Partner /
Purchaser
5
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3.10
Rubber Industry
Government
Partner /
Supplier
Tax base
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Information
Technology
Financial
Support
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Company Level
Service Example – A College
Commission
on Colleges
(SACS)
Governing
Body
University of
Tennessee
Partner /
Competitor
3.11
McGraw-Hill
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Book
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Supplier
Government
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ETHE
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C O L L E G E
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Department of
Education
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SUCCESS
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State
Government
Private
Companies
Partner / Asset
HR Provider
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
University of
Tennessee
Partner /
Competitor
Community
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Industry Level
Service Example – Bethel College
Information
Technology
System Support
Government
W
I
Financial
L
Subsidy
Transportation
Industry
Commuters
S
O
N
,
Private Sector
Financial
Support
J
A
M
I
Education
Industry
E
Private Sector
Labor Supply
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Healthcare
Industry
Government
Information
Technology
Tax Base
Researchers
3.12
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Qualified Talent
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Company Level
Service Example – Healthcare
State Medical
Board
Governing
Body
General
Hospital
Partner /
Competitor
Med-Tech
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Medical
L
Supplier
Department
of Health
Government
S
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Baptist
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Hospital
General
Hospital
Partner /
Competitor
5
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3.13
Physicians
Clinic
Local
Companies
Medical
Outpatient Clinic
Healthcare
Provider
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Community
Unit Three
Interdependence
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Industry Level
Service Example – Healthcare
Information
Technology
System
Support
Education
Industry
W
Government
I
Financial
L
Subsidy
S
O
N
,
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Healthcare
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Insurance
Industry
General
Population
Personnel
5
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5
1
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3.14
Education
Industry
Social Security
Administration
Researchers
Retirement
Age
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
Manufacturing
Industry
This is a copy of the online form you will fill out in
the COMPLETE section of this unit’s coursework.
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Company Level
• Start by placing your organization in the center oval.
• Identify specific organizations that may affect the structure or performance of
yours, list the nature of the connections, and place them in the in the boxes as
you label them (suppliers, distributors, competitors, government agencies, etc.).
Place those that affect you in the blue boxes and those that you affect in the red
boxes.
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3.15
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
This is a copy of the online form you will fill out in
the COMPLETE section of this unit’s coursework.
Interdependence Structure Worksheet
Industry Level
• Start by placing your industry in the center oval.
• Identify general industries within the economy that may affect your industry and
list the nature of the relationships connecting them to yours. Place those affecting
you in the blue boxes and those that you affect in the red boxes.
W
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3.16
Systems ~n~ Practice Online – Unit Three: Interdependence
This is a copy of the online form you will fill out in
the COMPLETE section of this unit’s coursework.
Let’s Go Shopping!
Visit your local retail supercenter
to discover where your everyday
items are made.
At a local retail store (Walmart, Kmart, Target, etc.), log 15 items randomly. List the name of the product, its country of origin, and the price.
Item
(Example)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. …
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