Expert answer:attached are the previous weeks works needed to co
Expert answer:Part 3 Create a 12- to 15-slide presentation using the information you gathered and submitted in Weeks 3 & 4. Include the following: Describe the problem, and provide some brief background about the situation. Explain the research hypothesis. Describe your sample and your sampling method. Explain the four steps of the research process you followed, and define the critical value and the test statistic your analysis provided. Provide the main finding of the study. What did you prove or fail to prove? Provide recommendations based on your findings. Format any citations in your presentation according to APA guidelines.
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INFERENTIAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS PROJECT, PART 2
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 2
Sonja Glass
Richard Avery
Psy/315 Statistical Reasoning in Psychology
November 19th, 2017
INFERENTIAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS PROJECT, PART 2
2
According to research, Virtual Reality is a highly effective treatment option for patients
with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Since the clinicians would like to find out whether the
Virtual Reality therapy has got different results from cognitive processing therapy, the research
question is, ‘Do the results from the Virtual Reality therapy differ significantly with those from
cognitive processing therapy?’
The null and alternative hypotheses are as follows:
Null Hypothesis: Ho: µ1 = µ2; The results from the Virtual Reality therapy do not differ
significantly with those from cognitive processing therapy.
Alternative Hypothesis: Ha: µ1 ≠ µ2; The results from the Virtual Reality therapy differ
significantly with those from cognitive processing therapy.
To compare the two groups, a two sample t test is used in excel. The test is a two tail test
as it aims at testing whether there is a significant difference in the group 1 and group 2 results
which represent the Virtual Reality therapy and the cognitive processing therapy respectively.
The output from excel is as shown in table 1 below:
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal
Variances
Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean
GROUP 1
GROUP 2
(VR)
(CPT)
5.61
7.326666667
4.798172414
1.855816092
30
30
0
INFERENTIAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS PROJECT, PART 2
3
Difference
df
49
–
t Stat
3.645067529
P(T<=t) one-tail
0.000322854
t Critical one-tail
1.676550893
P(T<=t) two-tail
0.000645708
t Critical two-tail
2.009575237
The significance level for comparison is 0.05. This is an indication that there is a 5%
level of risk concluding that there is a significant difference between the two therapies if there is
indeed no actual difference. It is also an indication that the conclusion that will be arrived at will
be 95% confident. This is the same alpha level identified in week three.
The mean for Group 1 which is Virtual Reality is 5.61 and the variance is 4.7982.
The mean for Group 2 which is cognitive processing therapy is 7.33 and its variance is 1.8558.
The test statistic is the T test. Specifically a two sample T test
The critical value for one tailed test is 1.6765 and that of the two-tailed test is 2.0095.
Since this test is a two tailed test, the critical value for the two-tailed test which is 2.0095 will be
used.
The P value is 0.000645708.
By comparing the p value and the alpha level which is 0.05, it is clear that the P value is
less than alpha. For this reason, the null hypothesis is rejected (Cramér, 2016). It can thus be
concluded that there is sufficient statistical evidence to prove that results from Virtual Reality
INFERENTIAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS PROJECT, PART 2
differ significantly with those from cognitive processing therapy. The mean difference of 1.71
which implies that cognitive processing therapy has a slight increase in its ineffectiveness by
approximately 23% as determined in part 1 is statistically significant.
In simpler terms, these two methods of treatment differ in terms of their effectiveness in
the treatment of the Post-traumatic stress disorder and thus, virtual reality is a highly effective
treatment option for patients with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as compared to the
cognitive processing therapy. When the two methods are compared, the cognitive processing
therapy is less effective by 23% which has been established to be significant.
It can, therefore, be recommended that the clinicians take advantage of this new
technology in bettering the mental health of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patients. The use of
the Virtual Reality therapy has to be expanded to other larger hospitals and regions countrywide
as training is offered to caregivers on how efficiently this technology can be used alongside
cognitive processing therapy or rather after completely getting rid of the cognitive processing
therapy to fully leverage the Virtual Reality therapy. Most of the advantages of the Virtual
Reality therapy techniques in general medicine such as being a means of training health
professionals, its use in dentistry, paramedic training and preventive medicine should be
emphasized so that the whole health industry takes advantage of this technology to be able to
improve on the effectiveness of their services (North, North & Coble, 2015). Its benefits that
range from cost effectiveness, safety, the ability to be used remotely, time and most important
efficiency to effectiveness should be an emphasis to foster its implementation in all healthcare
centers throughout the region.
4
INFERENTIAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS PROJECT, PART 2
5
References
Advantages of virtual reality in medicine. Retrieved from https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-realityhealthcare/advantages.html [Accessed on 16th Nov 2017]
Cramér, H. (2016). Mathematical Methods of Statistics (PMS-9) (Vol. 9). Princeton university
press.
Mogk C. (2017). Virtual Reality in Health Care Makes Medical Reality Easier to Endure.
Availabe at https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/virtual-reality-in-health-care/ [Accessed
on 16th Nov 2017]
North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (2015). Virtual reality therapy: an effective treatment
for the fear of public speaking. International Journal of Virtual Reality (IJVR), 3(3), 1-6.
GROUP 1 (VR) GROUP 2 (CPT)
1.3
6.5
2.5
8.7
2.3
9.8
8.1
10.2
5
7.9
7
6.5
7.5
8.7
5.2
7.9
4.4
8.7
7.6
9.1
9
8.4
7.6
6.4
4.5
7.2
1.1
5.8
5.6
6.9
6.2
5.9
7
7.6
6.9
7.8
5.6
7.3
5.2
4.6
9
8.4
7.6
6.4
4.5
7.2
1.1
5.8
5.6
6.9
6.2
5.9
7
7.6
6.9
7.8
5.6
7.3
5.2
4.6
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail
GROUP 1 (VR)
5.61
4.798172414
30
0
49
-3.645067529
0.000322854
1.676550893
0.000645708
2.009575237
GROUP 2 (CPT)
7.326666667
1.855816092
30
1
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 1
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 1
Psy/ 315
Sonja Glass
November 13th, 2017
Richard Avery
2
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 1
There is a high population of people who suffers from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD). According to the National Center, “Nearly 8 million adults suffer from PTSD during a
given year.” PTSD symptoms come from experiencing or witnessing dramatic, terrifying events.
According to the Department of Veterans Affair, “about 11-20% of Veterans who have served in
recent Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF) have PTSD in a given
year.” Military Veterans are the more common victims who are diagnosed with PTSD due to the
significant amount of exposure to violence during war, flashbacks are inherited, and anxiety,
nightmares and depression with mood swings are amongst some of the common symptoms.
A research hypothesis that I would like to compare are between two essential therapies:
Virtual Reality (VT) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for Military Veterans/Affiliates
vs. Civilians.
The Combat Exposure Scale will be used to measure the PTSD symptoms
effective level and would need approximately a minimum of 12 weeks to test the impact
efficiency. My hypothesis would be to choose Virtual Reality (VR) for a better method for
PTSD treatment. Newer technologies are more available to effectively deliver better effective
treatments due to having computer-based simulations conducted during exposure exercises to
enhance real-life commencement of trauma memories and related emotional events during the
studies. This can be helpful for some who have difficulty seeing or emotionally engaging with
the trauma memory from prior history. This can help towards reducing or eradicating PTSD
symptoms but there are still advance studies necessary on newer technologies to confirm 100%.
According to scenario, VR would be Group 1 and CPT will be Group 2. VR’s average
3
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 1
based upon the data set results was 5.61 and 7.32 for CPT. My research hypothesis would notice
that the patients could possibly react more positive to VR than CPT. This would be a two-tail
test because it’s a two sided test to see which group has a greater sample than the other, which in
this case, CPT has a slight increase in less effectiveness by approximately 23% difference. My
null hypothesis is that both therapies will balance out in the effective treatment of PTSD and
clinics won’t view the therapies to have significant differences in the testing methods coming for
Military Affiliates vs. Citizens.
The sample that I would use would be random cluster sampling because all participants
will be assigned to one group and it will be easier to narrow down or process of elimination
through the 30 population size. Using random cluster sampling is a simple technique in picking
patients from a large group randomly and will allow for each chosen patient to conduct the VR
therapy.
Gender, age, years of service, time at war, etc are amongst some of the essential
descriptive data that be ensured to collect for my testing. There are certain levels and criteria to
have to consider in testing. This will help analyze the big picture more vividly and while gaining
a better understanding of the test results more effectively. Comparing Veterans who actually
served boots on ground versus ones who didn’t but still may have been injured in some capacity
during their service. There are different therapies for certain situations that may be simply
necessary.
4
Inferential Research and Statistics Project, Part 1
References
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/ptsd-overview/basics/how-common-is-ptsd.asp
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/treating-ptsd-virtual-reality-therapy-heal-trauma/story?id=38742665
...
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