Expert answer:about Censuses, Surveys, Polls, and Studies

Expert answer:easy questions about Censuses, Surveys, Polls, and Studies.Such as Section A. I’d like you to reconsider this Village Questionnaire problem. Think carefully about the difference between target population and sampling frame, a distinction that is described in detail at the top of p. 424. (6 points) “In order to get the opinions of residents of the village of Essex Junction, Vermont, the Village Office on Voting Standards sends a questionnaire to 1000 individuals randomly chosen from the list of all registered voters in the village. Of the 1000 questionnaires sent, 480 are returned.” Your task is to identify 1) the target population, 2) the sampling frame, 3) the sample, 4) sample size, 5) the response size and 6) the response rate in this word problem. Think about it carefully, and then list them here:
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Chapter 14 – Final Chapter Exam
Name: ____________________
Part I: Vocabulary on Moodle
Part II: Starts here with section A (10 pts)
Section A. I’d like you to reconsider this Village Questionnaire problem. Think carefully
about the difference between target population and sampling frame, a distinction that is
described in detail at the top of p. 424. (6 points)
“In order to get the opinions of residents of the village of Essex Junction, Vermont, the Village
Office on Voting Standards sends a questionnaire to 1000 individuals randomly chosen from the
list of all registered voters in the village. Of the 1000 questionnaires sent, 480 are returned.”
Your task is to identify 1) the target population, 2) the sampling frame, 3) the
sample, 4) sample size, 5) the response size and 6) the response rate in this
word problem. Think about it carefully, and then list them here:
1.) _____________________________________________
2.) _____________________________________________
3.) _____________________________________________
4.) _____________________________________________
5.) _____________________________________________
6.) _____________________________________________
The textbook author says (p. 424), “Ideally the two [target population and sampling
frame] should be the same, but sometimes they’re not…” State, using the East Essex
example, (a) which individuals in the population will “have zero chance of being selected
for the sample” AND (b) describe why. (4 points)
7.) (a)___________________________________________________________
(b)___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Section B. (50 pts) You will find below several articles claiming statistical results that
have the potential to influence public policy issues. First, you will need to open the
media versions and skim the contents to find one that really interests you.
Step 1 (10 points): Once you’ve chosen your topic, read the newspaper article
well and then state what the answers are to the following criteria:
What type of method was used to collect data?
______
What was the stated purpose (the research question) of this study? _____________
What population was investigated? _______________________________________
What was the population size? __________________________________________
What were the results and conclusion? ___________________________________
Step 2: Analyzing the Newspaper Article (15 points):
Answer this question for Step 2:
To what extent does the newspaper article give you enough information to
assess the external validity of the study?
Use at least five criteria from the list below to analyze if, where and how the
newspaper article either does or doesn’t give enough information for someone to
draw a conclusion about the external validity. (You should have at least 5 supported
examples worth 3 points each.)
Research Criteria:
sample frame
sampling proportion (n/N)
clinical trial environment
treatment/control groups
parameters
sample size
randomness
any reported or suspected bias
confounding variables
placebo effect
blind or double-blind studies
response rate
Remember that external validity is the confidence that the findings of the study can
be generalized beyond the present study. Do we have that confidence based on
what the newspaper describes? For example, can the results of this study, as
reported in the media article, describe or predict behavior for a population other than
the one that was reported on?
Step 3: Analyzing the Professional Journal Article (15 points)
In addition to the newspaper article, you have access to a copy of the original
conference or journal presentation that the journalist(s) read in order to write their
media article.
Choose the original research that matches the newspaper article you read and apply
the same process and same research criteria as in step 2 (Once again, you should
use at least 5 criteria worth 3 points each to answer the question below.)
Answer this question for Step 3:
To what extent does the original research give you enough information to
assess the external validity of the study?
Step 4: Compare the qualities of one version over the other (10 points).
Though not always the case, media articles on clinical trials sometimes proclaim
external validity on very little evidence by hyping the findings over the research
criteria; perhaps the drama in the ambiguity helps market the newspaper or other
popular medium being used.
In a final paragraph, you should point out
• if one of the two reports on this research topic presents the better argument
for external validity,
• if both do, or
• if neither one does,
pulling from and supporting your reasoning by using the research criteria above.
…
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