Expert answer:Communication

Expert answer:Everything is on the file. everything is on the textbook that I upload. Also it does not has to be long and perfect. just explain :)These are some the Video that we watched THE CANARY EFFECT CRITICAL MEDIA LITERACY VIDEO MIXTAPE1. Black Wealth / White Wealth2. Beyonce’s Birth of twins viral & half of Blacks worth less than 1 dollar combined ignored3. Black Celebrities Don’t Make Real Money Because Black People Don’t Have Any4. Propaganda & Engineering Consent for Empire with Mark Crispin Miller5. John Henrik Clarke – A Great and Mighty Walk THIS VIDEO America’s Unofficial Religion — The War on an IdeaWho Owns the Media: These 15 Billionaires Own the Media: https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/06/01/these-15-billionaires-own-americas-news-media-companies/#PART ONE: (100 POINTS/20 each) Choose any 5 songs released only within the last 2 years (nothing before 2016) that you like, listen to, have heard of, etc. List the song title and artist and then for each one (do not repeat any artist or song) tell me: A) its parent company or distributor or owner, B) its rating number which you will determine by grading its lyrical content and then C) discuss what you think this means in the context of our class, our approach, our discussions, definitions of terms, etc. Be detailed, include quotes from song lyrics and feel free to reach any conclusion you like. You are only to be judged on the steps taken to reach your conclusion, just explain yourself in detail.RATING NUMBER: To determine a song’s rating first look up its lyrics and then read them carefully looking for A) violence directed against Black or Brown people, B) messages that demean or are negative towards women, C) encouragement to buy commercial products or go shopping. Any reference to any of these ideas should be counted and the RATING NUMBER is simply the total number of references to any or all of these ideas that you hear or see in the lyrics to the songs you’ve selected. SONG TITLE & ARTISTParent company / distributor / ownerRating Number Discussion SONG TITLE & ARTISTParent company / distributor / ownerRating Number Discussion SONG TITLE & ARTISTParent company / distributor / ownerRating Number Discussion SONG TITLE & ARTISTParent company / distributor / ownerRating Number Discussion SONG TITLE & ARTISTParent company / distributor / ownerRating Number Discussion PART TWO (25 points)WATCH “WE ARE LEGION” and then respond, in detail, to the following:What do you think about this film?Write a short essay explaining what you take from in this documentary and specifically how you think this documentary impacts your understanding of the internet and your own use of the internet.PART THREE (75 points / 25 each) Select any THREE course offerings, not previously used in this exam, and discuss them in relation to something, also not previously used in this exam, from your own media diet. For instance, how has the class offering impacted how you see something in your media diet now? Or what have you learned about your media diet based on one or another course offering? For example, “I watch SHOW X. Now that we’ve seen or read or discussed XYZ I now think this way about my show… (and explain).” How do you know what you know or like what you like?A COURSE OFFERING is anything I’ve shared, discussed, showed, required be read, etc. during any point of the semester. Use only one course offering once and make sure it has never been used as an example by you anywhere else in this exam.Your MEDIA DIET consists of any media you consume as you would food in a regular diet. Be more specific than simply referring to broad base social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook or Instagram. Do not simply refer to them but use as media diet examples sources those platforms actually take you to, for instance, the website, video, song, blog, essay, article, etc. you actually go to as opposed to the platform used to get you there. COURSE OFFERINGMEDIA DIET EXAMPLECOURSE OFFERINGMEDIA DIET EXAMPLECOURSE OFFERINGMEDIA DIET EXAMPLE
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YOUR NAME:
YOUR CLASS/SECTION:
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Be detailed in your answers. Take the time to think carefully about your response, refer
back to work we’ve covered this semester and be sure to bring specific references from
that work to your answers below. Write as if you are explaining yourself to someone
who has no idea what we’ve done this semester and that your are starting from scratch in
letting them know what you think.
PART ONE: (100 POINTS/20 each)
Choose any 5 songs released only within the last 2 years (nothing before 2016) that you like, listen to,
have heard of, etc. List the song title and artist and then for each one (do not repeat any artist or
song) tell me: A) its parent company or distributor or owner, B) its rating number which you will determine by grading its lyrical content and then C) discuss what you think this means in the context of
our class, our approach, our discussions, definitions of terms, etc. Be detailed, include quotes from
1
song lyrics and feel free to reach any conclusion you like. You are only to be judged on the steps
taken to reach your conclusion, just explain yourself in detail.
RATING NUMBER: To determine a song’s rating first look up its lyrics and then read them carefully
looking for A) violence directed against Black or Brown people, B) messages that demean or are negative towards women, C) encouragement to buy commercial products or go shopping. Any reference
to any of these ideas should be counted and the RATING NUMBER is simply the total number of references to any or all of these ideas that you hear or see in the lyrics to the songs you’ve selected.
1.
SONG TITLE & ARTIST
A. Parent company / distributor / owner
B. Rating Number
C. Discussion
2.
SONG TITLE & ARTIST
A. Parent company / distributor / owner
B. Rating Number
C. Discussion
3.
SONG TITLE & ARTIST
A. Parent company / distributor / owner
B. Rating Number
C. Discussion
4.
SONG TITLE & ARTIST
A. Parent company / distributor / owner
B. Rating Number
C. Discussion
5.
SONG TITLE & ARTIST
A. Parent company / distributor / owner
B. Rating Number
C. Discussion
2
PART TWO (25 points)
WATCH “WE ARE LEGION” and then respond, in detail, to the following:
1. What do you think about this film?
2. Write a short essay explaining what you take from in this documentary and specifically how
you think this documentary impacts your understanding of the internet and your own use of
the internet.
PART THREE (75 points / 25 each)
Select any THREE course offerings, not previously used in this exam, and discuss them in relation to
something, also not previously used in this exam, from your own media diet. For instance, how has
the class offering impacted how you see something in your media diet now? Or what have you
learned about your media diet based on one or another course offering? For example, “I watch SHOW
X. Now that we’ve seen or read or discussed XYZ I now think this way about my show… (and explain).” How do you know what you know or like what you like?
A COURSE OFFERING is anything I’ve shared, discussed, showed, required be read, etc. during any
point of the semester. Use only one course offering once and make sure it has never been used as an
example by you anywhere else in this exam.
Your MEDIA DIET consists of any media you consume as you would food in a regular diet. Be more
specific than simply referring to broad base social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook or Instagram. Do not simply refer to them but use as media diet examples sources those platforms actually
take you to, for instance, the website, video, song, blog, essay, article, etc. you actually go to as opposed to the platform used to get you there.
1. COURSE OFFERING
A. MEDIA DIET EXAMPLE
2. COURSE OFFERING
A. MEDIA DIET EXAMPLE
3. COURSE OFFERING
A. MEDIA DIET EXAMPLE
3
Media Literacy in a Diverse World
Dr. Jared A. Ball
imixwhatilike.org / @imixwhatilike
1
What Is [Critical] Media Literacy?
“Critical media literacy is defined originally by Douglas Kellner and Share in ‘Critical
Media Literacy is Not an Option’, as ‘an educational response that expands the notion
of literacy to include different forms of mass communication, popular culture, and new
technologies. It deepens the potential of literacy education to critically analyze
relationships between media and audiences, information, and power. Along with this
mainstream analysis, alternative media production empowers students to create their
own messages that can challenge media texts and narratives.’ Critical media literacy
aims to analyze and understand the power structures that lay within the media and
understand the underpinnings of the politics that go into representation of gender, race,
class and sexuality in the media. This approach is different than “media literacy”
because it critically works to understand that there are dominant power
structures that audiences work to make meaning between the dominant,
oppositional and negotiated readings of media.”
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
2
Representation & the Media: Featuring Stuart Hall
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
3
Some Basic/Core/Key Concepts – Course Lexicon
Media are best understood as ideology carried
technologically to mass and dispersed audiences. Media are not to
be understood (as is often the case) as the “organized technologies”
through which they are disseminated (television, radio, internet, film,
etc.).
Ideology are an individual’s or society’s “governing ideas”and
determine norms, values and how we interpret and understand our
relationship to our environment.
Corporation – The dominant societal institution and also a “legal
fiction” (Robert Reich) which allows the elite to rule in anonymity.
Slavoj Žižek explains ideology
with help from They Live (1988)
The dominant institution of our time is
the corporation. Corporations own and control
the content of nearly all mainstream media
operations (internet, film, radio, television, etc.)
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
4
Some Basic/Core/Key Concepts – Course Lexicon
Gatekeeping (communication) Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for
dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of
communication.
Agenda-setting theory describes the “ability [of the news media] to influence the salience of topics on
the public agenda.” That is, if a news item is covered frequently and prominently, the audience will
regard the issue as more important. While dominant media may not be able to tell each individual what
to think they can largely manage what individuals in a given society think about.
Narrowcasting has traditionally been understood as the dissemination of information (usually via Internet, radio, newspaper,
or television) to a narrow audience; not to the broader public at-large. Also called niche marketing or target marketing,
narrowcasting involves aiming media messages at specific segments of the public defined by values, preferences,
demographic attributes, and/or subscription.
The concept of framing is related to the agenda-setting tradition but expands the research by focusing on the essence
of the issues at hand rather than on a particular topic. The basis of framing theory is that the media focuses attention
on certain events and then places them within a field of meaning.
Social media are computer-mediated technologies that allow the creating and
sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via
virtual communities and networks. The variety of stand-alone and built-in social
media services currently available introduces challenges of definition. However,
there are some common features
Net Neutrality Explained In One Minute!
Net Neutrality – the principle that Internet service providers should enable
access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and
without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
5
Some Basic/Core/Key Concepts – Course Lexicon
Media power is often derived not from profits they may generate for
owners but in their ability to define the world for their audiences. For, as
defined by Dr. Huey P. Newton, power “is the ability to define
phenomena and make it act in a desired manner.”
Minority – A term used to describe the majority of the
world. Most of the world are women, working people and
the poor, and are so-called “people of color” (see Sylvia
Wynter) and, therefore, the only true minority in the world
are elite, White, men.
Bobby Seale
Co-founder with Newton of The Black Panther Party
“The Greeks separated the world into Greeks and
‘barbarians.’ You think of what happened. We happily
call ourselves ‘people of color . . .’ … Do you realize
what is happening? You have ‘PEOPLE,’ who are the
‘REAL’ humans, and then ‘PEOPLE OF COLOR,’ who
are the ‘OTHERS.’ [Laughter] But we placidly and
happily accept this conception. We don’t say, ‘how was
it that one human hereditary variant caught up in the ice
and snow, and so on and so forth and therefore
repressing the production of melanin it becomes white
and then takes over the world and makes itself into the
biological norm of being!’” – Sylvia Wynter
Sylvia Wynter
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
6
Diverse World v. Diversity of Worldview
The diversity of the world’s population is not often matched by the dominant perspectives
carried in media targeting them. Previous reference to narrowcasting is important in that it
speaks more to how a tiny minority can fashion various media so as to appeal to a more varied
audience (eg: ESPN targeting younger male sports fans and Lifetime which targets older
women but both are Disney properties.)
As bell hooks has described, media help create an environment
steeped in the race, class, gender positioning of those
who actually constitute the only true minority population (elite, White,
men) as those determining the “minority” status of
the rest. This, she argues, necessitates that audiences becomes
“enlightened witnesses” to media in order that they be able
to interpret the tripartite ideological production and (re)presentation of
“White supremacy, capitalism and patriarchy.”
bell hooks on white supremacy capitalism and patriarchy
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
7
Toni Morrison responds
similarly to the question of what
is “centered,” or “normalized”
and how Blackness is made
“other.”
What is diversity? Diverse from what?
Diverse in perspective
or just in audience? As Les McCann once
asked,“Compared to What?”
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
8
Assessing the Ideological Foundation and Political Function
of U.S. Mass Media
Karl Marx: Commodity as the Original Sin of
Capitalism
Greg Tate: African People as the Original
Commodity of the U.S.
John Downing/Charles Husband: Racism
as the Conceptual Original Sin of the U.S.
Marimba Ani/Amos Wilson: Destruction of
African Consciousness as a Political
Necessity
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
9
Basic Media Theory
Theories are general principles that explain and predict behavior. – governing ideas, worldview, consciousness
Economics and profit motive – economics studies the forces that allocate resources to satisfy competing needs while
profit motive refers to the idea that media ownership and production are largely about the accumulation of more money
(profit).
Critical Studies – Critical scholars have alternative theories for the relationship of media
industries, content, and society. They examine the connection between media and society from
political- economic, feminist, ethnic, and media criticism perspectives. These perspectives focus
on the need for media literacy and a critical understanding of media structure and its power, as
well as the meaning of its content. That means that we should not just accept the media at face
value, as though it were a natural phenomenon like the weather. We should try instead to
understand the causes underlying media change and to be skeptical about the motives of the
media industry. In contrast to the SMCR model previously introduced the critical studies
approach emphasizes the feedback link as an active process in which the human receiver “
decodes” the messages that the human source encodes.
Political Economy – Media literacy means learning to think critically about
the role of media in society. Critical studies examines the overall impact of
media. Political economy analyzes patterns of class domination and
economic power.
Hegemony is the use of media to create a consensus
around certain ideas, so that they come to be accepted as
common sense.
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
10
Media & Society
Media do not exist in a vacuum. There is a
context in which media production occurs.
Some describe this context in terms of
imperialism, colonialism, White supremacy or
racism, patriarchy or heteronormativity. As an
introduction we are here concerned most with
the idea that, whatever definitions suit it best,
there is a power struggle in which groups are in
competition with one another (consciously or
otherwise) for both material resources, as well
as, immaterial – that is, in the realm of ideology
and ideas.
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
11
Some Basic/Core/Key Concepts – Course Lexicon
Media are best understood as ideology carried
technologically to mass and dispersed audiences. Media are not to
be understood (as is often the case) as the “organized technologies”
through which they are disseminated (television, radio, internet, film,
etc.).
Ideology are an individual’s or society’s “governing ideas”and
determine norms, values and how we interpret and understand our
relationship to our environment.
Corporation – The dominant societal institution and also a “legal
fiction” (Robert Reich) which allows the elite to rule in anonymity.
The dominant institution of our time is
the corporation. Corporations own and control
the content of nearly all mainstream media
operations (internet, film, radio, television, etc.)
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
12
Slavoj Žižek explains ideology
with help from They Live (1988)
The Media Deals of 2016 and
What Drove Them
Media Ownership Landscape
Interlocking Boards of Directors
This is one way in which oligopoly works where
members of corporate boards of directors sit on one
or another board creating “interlocks” of shared
economic, political and social interests.
Try it out! Go to TheyRule.net and map out the
interconnected realities of the corporate world!
from Renee Klahr
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
13
Billionaire Media Ownership
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
14
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
15
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
16
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
17
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
18
A Word or Two on “Culture”
Culture – Culture, or the ways in which people understand, interpret, and react to their
environment, must be manipulated in order to achieve and maintain levels of compliance.
Therefore, the cultural expression… of a community must be managed so as to promote
acceptable behavior (according to those who rule). If, as is assumed here, the term “culture”
is understood to describe a “set of control mechanisms—plans, recipes, rules, instructions…
for the governing of behavior,” (1) or as a “process which gives people a general design for
living patterns for interpreting their reality,” (2) then clearly culture would be a primary target
for the waging of psychic violence and terror. Words and musical sounds express and
convey that which an individual or community has developed as their own “spiritual
eyeglasses through which [people] come to view themselves in the universe.” (3) But culture
too is a “battleground” where the challenge is then to connect the cultural expression of a
people “not only with pleasure and profit but also the imperial process of which they [are]
manifestly and unconcealedly a part.” (4)
Quoted from Ball, Jared A. (2011-06-21). I Mix What I Like!: A Mixtape Manifesto (p.
189). AK Press. Kindle Edition.
References:
1. Clifford Geertz, Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 44–45. It must
also be noted that Geertz “worked cheek-by-jowl with men whom many people consider
to be professional terrorists specializing in the suppression of indigenous democracy”
(Simpson, xix, emphasis added). In other words, his work was used to develop U.S.
national security strategies involving communication and propaganda.
2. Wade Nobles quoted in Marimba Ani, Yurugu, 4.
3. Ngugi Wa Thiong’o, Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of African Literature (New
Hampshire: Heinemann, 1986), 15.
4. Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1994), xiii, xiv.
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @imixwhatilike
1
Cultural Industries Part One: The Business of Music
The term culture industry (German: Kulturindustrie) was coined by the critical theorists Theodor Adorno (1903–
1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895–1973), and was presented as critical vocabulary in the chapter “The Culture
Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception”, of the book Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944), wherein they proposed
that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods—films, radio programmes, magazines,
etc.—that are used to manipulate mass society into passivity.[1] Consumption of the easy pleasures of popular culture,
made available by the mass communications media, renders people docile and content, no matter how difficult their
economic circumstances.[1] The inherent danger of the culture industry is the cultivation of false psychological needs
that can only be met and satisfied by the products of capitalism; thus Adorno and Horkheimer especially perceived
mass-produced culture as dangerous to the more technically and intellectually difficult high arts. In contrast, true
psychological needs are freedom, creativity, and genuine happiness, which refer to an earlier demarcation of human
needs, established by Herbert Marcuse. (See Eros and Civilization, 1955).[2]
The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception
“Films, radio and magazines make up a system which is uniform as a whole and in every
part. Even the aesthetic activities of political opposites are one in their enthusiastic
obedience to the rhythm of the iron system. The decorative industrial management
buildings and exhibition centers in authoritarian countries are much the same as anywhere
else. The huge gleaming towers that shoot up everywhere are outward signs of the
ingenious planning of international concerns, toward which the unleashed entrepreneurial
system (whose monuments are a mass of gloomy houses and business premises in grimy,
spiritless cities) was already hastening. Even now the older houses just outside the concrete
city centres look like slums, and the new bungalows on the outskirts are at one with the
flimsy structures of world fairs in their praise of technical progress and their built-in
demand to be discarded after a short while like empty food cans.”
Media Literacy in a Diverse World / Dr. Jared A. Ball / @im …
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