Expert answer:Integrative Personality Theory
Expert answer:Integrative Personality TheoryFor your final paper, you will complete the rest of the assignment which you began in week three and create your own theory of personality development by synthesizing the concepts and constructs of all the theories that seem most accurate and appropriate to you and by using those concepts to reflect on your own personality and development. Remember to use the template provided to guide you through the steps.Research a minimum of eight scholarly sources related to these concepts in the Ashford University Library to support your statements in the paper. Popular websites and your textbook may augment, but they will not count toward, the minimum number of sources needed for the paper. The following content and headings must be included in your paper.Please visit the Ashford Writing Center for guidance on how to format headings in APA Style. Also, please take note of the suggestions provided for the length for each section in the instructions below. Instructions:Provide a general introduction to the topic of theories of personality. Explain what you plan to cover and describe the direction your paper will take. This section will not feature a heading, and it will be approximately two to three paragraphs. Major ConceptsIn this section, you will present the seven specific concepts identified from the seven models you think best apply to the study of personality in distinct subheadings. For each concept, identify the major personality model from which the concept was taken as well as the theorist associated with that model. This completed section will be approximately four to five pages. Excluded Concepts In this section, present the concepts you have chosen to exclude in your theory of personality development. Reflect on the basic assumptions that define personality and identify three specific excluded concepts from any of the theories studied in the course. For each of the excluded concepts, provide a rationale explaining the various aspects of the concept that make it unsuitable for your use. This section will be approximately one to two pages. The Differences between Healthy and Unhealthy PersonalitiesDescribe the basic differences between healthy and unhealthy personality, based on the concepts that you have chosen to include and exclude from your theory. This completed section will be approximately one page.The Roles of Heredity, the Environment, and EpigeneticsProvide your analysis of the roles heredity, the environment, and epigenetics play in the development of personality. Discuss how heredity and the environment might affect personality disorders. This completed section will be approximately one page. Assessment and Measurement of the TheoryReflect on the major concepts you have selected for inclusion and provide a brief description about how those concepts are measured and/or assessed. Review the assessment sections of each chapter and discuss those measures you think are most applicable and effective. This completed section will be approximately one page.Self-Reflection In this section of the paper, review the self-reflection you wrote in Week One of this class and describe how and in what ways your views have or have not changed. Analyze your Week One self-assessment using the concepts that you have included in your integrative theory and describe how your theory explains your personality. This section will be approximately one page.Provide a brief conclusion that summarizes the ideas presented in your integrative theory of personality. This section will not feature a heading and it will be approximately two to four paragraphs.Allport, G. W. (1968). The person in psychology: Selected essays. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.The Integrative Personality Theory paper:Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length (not including the title page and references page) and formatted according to APA style Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paperStudent’s nameCourse name and numberInstructor’s nameDate submittedMust use at least eight scholarly sources in addition to the course text.Must document all sources in APA style .Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style
final_paper_template.docx
mmhernandezj_wk3_a1.docx
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Running head: INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
Enter Title of paper
Enter Student’s name
PSY 330
Enter Instructor’s name
Enter Date submitted
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INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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Title of Paper
Replace the above with the title of your paper. Start the paper with a one-two paragraph
introduction. Provide a general introduction to the topic of theories of personality. Explain what you plan
to cover and describe the direction your paper will take.
Included Concepts
Psychodynamic Model
From the psychodynamic model, I have chosen to include XXX’s concept of XXX. (Examples:
Freud’s concept of the structure of personality, Freud’s concept of defense mechanisms, Jung’s concept of
the collective unconscious, Erikson’s concept of psychosocial development…) Explain the concept
briefly. Explain why you have included it. There is a sample of this in the week three assignment tab in
the left hand navigation bar.
Neurobiological Model
From the Neurobiological model, I have chosen to include XXX’s concept of XXX. (Examples:
Thomas and Chess’ classification of temperament, Eysenck’s three factor model, Pert’s concept of
neuropeptides and opiate receptors…) Explain the concept briefly. Explain why you have included it.
(Note: The above concepts are due in week three. The following concepts are to be competed for the final
submission.)
Trait Model
Ditto
Cognitive Model
Ditto
Behavioral Model
Ditto
Interpersonal Model
Ditto
Self-Psychology Model
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Ditto
Excluded Concepts
Concept One (replace this heading with the name of the concept you have chosen).
From the (choose one) model, I have chosen to exclude XXX’s concept of XXX. These can be
any concept with which you disagree from any of the models.
(Note: One concept is due in week three. Two more need to be added for the final submission)
Concept Two
Ditto
Concept Three
Ditto
Healthy and Unhealthy Personalities
This is a brief discussion of your theory about what contributes to the development of healthy or
unhealthy personalities.
Heredity, the Environment, and Epigenetics
This is your analysis of the roles these play in the development of personality.
Assessment and Measurement
What are the primary ways of assessing and measuring used in some of the concepts that you
have chosen to include? This section is not due until the final submission.
Self-Reflection
How have your views changed (or not changed) since the beginning of the class? Do not copy
and paste your week one paper here. Just provide a brief summary and analysis.
Provide a brief conclusion to your paper.
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References
(List all your references in APA format in alphabetical order. Remember that each source on this list
should be cited in the paper and each citation in the paper should be on this list. The following is a
sample of how to format your references. Refer to the Ashford Writing Center for more details.)
Bach, S., Haynes, P., & Lewis Smith, J. (2006). Online learning and teaching in higher
education [ebrary Reader version]. Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ashford/Doc?id=10197006
Caplow, J. (2006). Where do I put my course materials? Quarterly Review of Distance
Education, 7(2), 165-173. Abstract retrieved from ERIC (Accession No. EJ875031)
Picciano, A. G. (2001). Distance learning: Making connections across virtual space and
time. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Running Head: INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
Integrative Personality Theory
Melissa Hernandez
PSY330: Theories of Personalities
Instructor Julie Bruno
December 11, 2017
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Integrative Personality Theory
Introduction
Personality theories aim at explaining the different types of people in the world and their
characteristics. Well, the personality theories have differences and similarities, and there is the
need to have a deep understanding of each and their contributions to understanding personality.
Some of the arguments seem to oppose the others which may become confusing for a learner.
However, there is the need to realize that the differences have an important role which they play
in the society (Jeronimus, Ormel, Riese & VonKorff, 2017). According to the theories,
psychologists have different ways in which they define personality and explain the factors
behind the various personalities. The paper discusses some of the specific concepts from the
theories of the seven models that could help in formulating a personal integrative theory to
address the issue of personality.
Included concepts
The study of personality revolves around having an understanding of different ways in
which people behave. However, this understanding could only become visible through the
application of the various models outlined in the theories of personality (English, 2017). In the
development of the personal integrative theory, I will apply the following models:
•
Psychodynamic model
In this model, I will focus on the concept of the defense mechanism as explained by
Sigmund Freud in his personality theory. According to this idea, people developed their behavior
from some of the challenges which they have faced in life and needed to overcome them in
INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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future (Brown, Cameron, Cook, M. Dritschel & Power, 2017). One gets to identify his or her
weaknesses and focuses on ways through which they can make improvements to avoid having a
weak personality in the future. I include this concept because I believe that people have to form
ways through which they will emerge strong by having personalities that will make it possible to
achieve their set goals and objectives.
Based on this concept, people apply different defense mechanisms which include
repression, regression, sublimation and projection as well as reaction formation. In this case,
repression refers to the characteristics that one hides since they feel like they do not fit in the
society. On the other hand, regression makes one fall back to an earlier mental state which gives
a feeling of being better when compared to others. The projection mechanism, however, makes
one develop a behavior that feels socially unacceptable while the reaction formation does one act
in the opposite direction of the expectations of the people in the society. However, the
mechanism that seems acceptable is sublimation which expresses anxiety in ways that make it
acceptable in the society. The society in which people live presents challenges which they have
to cope with calling for the need to apply the defense mechanisms.
•
Cognitive behavior model
In this model, I choose to incorporate the concept of environmental factors that influence
a person’s character as explained by Albert Bandura. In this case, people grow up in different
parts of the world, and the environment shapes their personalities since they have to choose the
traits that make them successful in the regions where they live (Jeronimus, Ormel, Riese &
VonKorff, 2017). Also, the environmental factors have more contribution to how one gets to
INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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identify himself in the dynamic environmental conditions. Therefore, the model will offer results
in the long run by determining the factors contributing to a person’s character.
The use of the concept will also expand the understanding of the ways through which one
might overcome the environment by developing stable personality traits. I believe that some
people, especially those born in war-torn nations, build their personality based on the harshness
of the conditions in which they grow (English, 2017). On the other hand, people tend to have
traits that make them overcome the challenges caused by the environmental conditions.
Therefore, the concept will assist in the development of the integrative personality theory.
Excluded concepts
•
Psychodynamic model: introversion and extroversion
I have chosen to omit the introversion and extroversion concept by Jung. In this case, the
reason as to why most people are introverts is because they feel shy and would rather keep
matters to themselves instead of sharing their minds out with other people. On the other hand,
extroverts have a loud character which makes them talk their minds out with people who advise
and help them in making some decisions about their lives (Brown, Cameron, Cook, M. Dritschel
& Power, 2017). The integrative theory incorporates the factors within a person and the
environmental factors which affect people in making the right decisions in their lives. As a
result, the introversion and extroversion concepts will not apply in the integrative theory.
Healthy and unhealthy personalities
A person who has a healthy personality is one who has a positive outlook on life. In this
case, the personality enables one to remain optimistic about what they do in life and no matter
INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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the challenges, they have the belief that they will overcome. On the other hand, a healthy
personality embraces generosity and has a sense of humor which makes life smooth and easy to
handle (Bilal, & Sial, 2017). Also, doing more than the expectations of other people makes one
have a healthy personality. Therefore, a healthy personality focuses on the nice things in life that
if done to others will make them feel appreciated. A healthy personality runs on determination
and commitment as well as sacrifice.
On the contrary, an unhealthy personality takes credit for the things which they did not
do. They focus on humiliating others and showing that they have more potential than the others.
The unhealthy personalities have also embraced the act of judging others where they fill the
blanks and make conclusions (Jeronimus, Ormel, Riese & VonKorff, 2017). Also, an unhealthy
personality becomes dishonest for their gain without taking into consideration the other people.
As a result, the unhealthy personality will in most cases turn one off.
The role of heredity, the environment and epigenetics
People develop character traits from various aspects of life. For instance, some people
may have personalities that align with those of their parents or relatives. On the other hand,
growing up in a harsh environment will mostly make a person develop traits that will enable
them to overcome the challenges (English, 2017). Also, epigenetics will show some of the
changes which could have taken place through the genes and hereditary lines in the development
of a person. Therefore, the integrative theory will have to identify some of the factors which
could have influenced the life of a person and the development of personality trait. The various
elements affecting the personality traits of an individual, explain that people have differences and
experiences give people an opportunity to develop strategies for dealing with challenges.
INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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Self-reflection
Personality traits differ from one person to the other. The personality trait theories
explain the different factors that have contributed to people having specific traits to cope with the
challenges which they face in their daily lives. However, I still believe that personality traits
develop from both internal and external factors that surround the life of an individual (Brown,
Cameron, Cook, Dritschel & Power, 2017). The internal factors may include the genetic
composition while the external factors include the types of environment where people grow. I
have not changed my perspective on these factors affecting the personality traits that people have
developed. I also intend to incorporate the theories of personality into the integrative theory.
Conclusion
People show differences in the way in which they handle life because of their traits. The
theories which explain personal traits may not have sufficient information as some oppose the
others. However, the application of the integrative personality theory will incorporate some of
the concepts and models which will explain the aspect of personality better.
INTEGRATIVE PERSONALITY THEORY
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References
Bilal, A., & Sial, M. A. (2017). RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON
ABSORPTION CAPACITY: A CASE OF WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY PAKISTAN. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review
(Oman Chapter), 6(6), 1. Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/openview/34459fcf188ee4c46bad7696d5992115/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=1606373
Brown, V. J., Cameron, S., Cook, M. Dritschel, B., & Power, K., (2017). Understanding the
relationship between suicidality, current depressed mood, personality, and cognitive
factors. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. Retrieved from
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/papt.12123/full
Combs, D. R., Tiegreen, J., & Nelson, A. (2007). The use of behavioral experiments to modify
delusions and paranoia: Clinical guidelines and recommendations. International Journal
of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 3(1), 30-37. Retrieved from
http://www.baojournal.com/IJBCT/IJBCT-index.html
English, C. I. (2017). PSYX 385.01: Psychology of Personality-Methodology, Theories, and
Applications. Retrieved from
http://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6258&context=syllabi
Jeronimus, B. F., Ormel, J., Riese, H. & VonKorff, M., (2017). Set-point theory and personality
development: Reconciliation of a paradox. Personality development across the lifespan,
119-139. Retrieved from
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bertus_Jeronimus/publication/305209768_Setpoint_Theory_and_Personality_Development_Reconciliation_of_a_Paradox/links/57862
79408aec5c2e4e2db75.pdf
Lecci, L. (2015). Personality. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.
…
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