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1.What international organization established the Bruntland Commission, and what is
their oft-quoted definition of sustainability?
The United Nations organization was the one that created The Brundtland
Commission back in 1983, and its sole purpose was to reflect on the ways of not only
to save the natural resources but also the human environment as well and help put
measures to prevent deterioration of both social and the economic developments.
Further, it was to help in uniting different countries and together put efforts in
pursuing sustainable development. The Brundtland commission’s idea of
sustainability was a notion that the human civilization can indeed organize and
maintain in that state of ensuring that both the social as well as the ecological welfare
be promoted. Additionally, serve to sustain for years to come and without
compromising future generations be able to meet their needs while the needs of the
current generation are still fulfilled.
2.What was the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and, in a few sentences, what did
they find?
. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment abbreviated as MEA is expounded as a
primary assessment of how the humans have impacted on the environment and were
called for back in 2000 by the secretary general then, Kofi Annan. It was later put into
perspective in the year 2001 and was subsequently published four years later in 2005
having gained an astounding $14 million of grants. Further, it did popularize the term
ecosystem services which accurately pointed out how beneficial the ecosystems was
to humans and to what degree the gains were from the system. It is also understood
that achieving the millennium development goals is going to be hard because there is
a significant increment degradation to the ecosystem and this is during the first half of
this century. The commission also found out that it is indeed possible to reverse the
deterioration of the ecosystem despite the challenges that are imminent and it will
involve several significant changes to not only associated institutions and policies but
also some practices that currently have not been initiated.
3.The year 2005 is the midpoint of a decade that spans three unique, important
transitions in the history of humankind. List two.
Young people will be outnumbered by the old people
The rural people will be outnumbered by the urban people
4.An industrial ecologist stated, “The term ‘ eco-friendly’ should not ever be used.
Anything manufactured is only relatively so.” Explain this with the LCA concept.
The Life-cycle assessment which is also referred to as eco-balance, as well as lifecycle analysis or just as the cradle-to-grave analysis. It is a technique that helps to
assess impacts to the environment which are associated with all the involved stages a
product undergoes before it is ready for its intended purpose from it being a raw
material through to recycling and or disposal. Hence, designers do use this particular
technique process in critiquing products. Thus, these LCAs can significantly help in
averting issues that may arise causing an adverse effect on the environment. The
LCAs may help the designers compile inventories that are relevant both in material
and energy inputs as well as other environmental releases. Also, it may help interpret
results and ultimately help significantly to make informed decisions. Improving the
product or make it biodegradable for instance. Moreover, it may help in evaluating
potential impacts that may be associated with identified not only releases but also
inputs.
5. What is the $ value of the planet’s ecosystem services? ($ number only please, no
discussion needed).
$50 Trillion.
…
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