Expert answer:it’s my final paper, please help me make the argument more logical and editing grammar errors.please see the requirement in the second attached document.Thank you.
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Rongyi Wang
Weekly question
PP&D4
1. Politicians and bureaucrats earn several benefits from interest groups such support required to effect policy changes, promise of jobs upon retiring from politics and financial
support during campaigns. The pluralist defense of interest groups is that they exercise
political power on behalf of the citizens of America since they actively participate in policy making (Bianco and Canon, 2010). However, this perspective may be undermined by
the failure of these groups to justify why employers are usually favored and their assumption that state mediation results in a balance of capital between labor and capital.
2. Insider lobbying tactics involve speaking directly to an elected leader or bureaucrats about
policy changes that will benefit the people and entails drafting legislative proposals and
testifying in Congress meetings to convince Congress members of the importance of a
given policy change to citizens. Outsider lobbying involves mobilizing public opinion
through participation in protests and campaigns so as to change the public’s view regarding a given policy (Bianco and Canon, 2010). Insider lobbying is used by single-issue
groups, while outsider lobbying is used by citizen and economic groups. Outsider lobbying is usually more impactful when elected officials are adamant to effect a policy change
since they find it difficult to reject a large group of citizens.
3. Public opinion comes from events such as protests and political realignments, social
groups advocating for specific rights, and political groups or people with similar political
opinions which aim to influence the public’s decision regarding various issues. With time,
public opinion changes since the methods applied in conducting survey also change. Initially questionnaires were used but since the questions were ambiguous, the results were
not accurate estimates of public opinion. Methods of survey of public opinion have influenced change of public opinion while methods of data analysis have remained stable.
4. The main differences between focus groups, non-scientific polling and scientific polling is
in how each poll is conducted. Focus groups entails directly engaging with the participants for the poll and interviewing them using survey questions. Scientific polling uses
randomly selected groups to fill in questionnaires, while non-scientific groups use volunteer participants to fill in survey questions. The best polling method is scientific polling
which ensures that the demographic of respondents is diverse such as the ethnicity in
looking to pass certain public policies. This ensures that members of the public are well
represented, thereby giving accurate opinion poll results.
Reference
Bianco, W. T. and Canon, D. T. (2010). Interest Groups. American Politics Today. Retrieved
from http://www.wwnorton.com/college/polisci/american-politics-today2/core/ch/9/outline.aspx
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