Expert answer:hi please see the attached and please do the peer review for the two students depend on ( Analysis, Evidence, Style, Organization, Format and Endnote) Also underlined and highlight the mistakes in each paper and explain what the mistake.you must compose at least three in-text comments, all rubric criteria comments, five community comments, and one substantial endnote for each paper in your peer review group
___peer_review_for_two_student.docx
project_3early_draft_2017_11_12_08_38_20_pm.pdf
project_3early_draft_2017_11_12_07_10_33_pm.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
peer review for two student.
please do the peer review for the two students depend on ( Analysis, Evidence, Style, Organization,
Format and Endnote) Also underlined and highlight the mistakes in each paper and explain what the
mistake.
you must compose at least three in-text comments, all rubric criteria comments, five community
comments, and one substantial endnote for each paper in your peer review group.
Student1:
Analysis:
Evidence:
Style:
Organization:
Format:
Endnote:
Student2:
Analysis:
Evidence:
Style:
Organization:
Format:
Endnote:
Michael Siriani
Professor Khawaja
ENC 1101
8 November 2017
Throughout the past 10 years, the production of hybrid cars has rapidly increased,
peaking the interest of scientists who are looking to see if hybrid and electric cars are actually
beneficial to the environment. There have been many claims to say that these vehicles are
directly effecting climate change, but is it truly in a beneficial way, and the answer is no.
Although hybrid and electric cars have some benefits to the environment, most studies show that
they are not yet beneficial to the environment and climate change because of the batteries used to
produce them, the amounts of electricity used to power the vehicles, and the low quantity of
vehicles being used around the world.
The first problem of electric and hybrid cars, is the production of the batteries used for
the vehicles engines. There is much speculation when it comes to the use of batteries in electric
vehicles, because producing the batteries causes just as much pollution as a regular gas-powered
vehicle would. The company Tesla, is aiming to produce hundreds of thousands of Tesla
batteries at their new Giga-Factory in Nevada. These batteries are “lithium-ion” batteries, which
means they are made from natural gasses and materials. Even though they reduce tail-pipe
emissions, more direct environmental concerns surround the current boom in the battery making.
Problems that occur with the making of these batteries include “lithium mining, battery
lifecycles, and recycling” (Shaftel, 14). This directly effects the environment from the production
of the batteries. Though an explosion in electric vehicles and energy storage will allow
countries to rely on less carbon-intensive energy, the extraction of the essential ingredients
to make the “cost-effective” lithium-ion batteries generally leaves environmental and
human devastation in its wake (Foehringer, 1). The next reason why hybrid and electric
vehicles are not beneficial to the environment is because of the way the electricity, to
charge the vehicles is produced. Electricity that is used to power these vehicles are made
and gasses are released from smokestacks. A smokestack is a chimney or funnel for
discharging smoke from a factory. Those smokestacks, many attached to coal-fired power
plants, are the single-largest source of greenhouse gas pollution in the U.S., at two billion metric
tons of CO2 per year. That source would grow as electric cars demand more and more electricity
(Biello, 1). A new study that examined electric vehicles, including e-bikes, in the U.S.
found that electric vehicles were not necessarily cleaner in terms of particulate emissions
and their health effects (Biello, 1).
The last reason that hybrid and electric cars are not yet beneficial to climate change
and pollution is because of the low quantity of vehicles being used around the world.
Electric cars still constitute less than 1 percent of U.S. car sales, and even less of the global fleet
that is now approaching two billion vehicles (Biello, 2). With nearly 1.2 billion gas powered
vehicles on the road today, and an estimated 2 billion by 2035, it is not a surprise that electric
vehicles have not yet had a direct effect on the environment (Voehlker, 1). In a recent study,
scientist say that a 2.5-billion vehicle “global car park” would mean that to keep carbon
emissions level with today’s total, average fleet fuel efficiency would have to double. This means
that the number of electric vehicles would have to triple in order to make some sort of impact on
the environment.
In conclusion, there are many signs to show that hybrid and electric cars are not as
beneficial to the environment and climate change as many may believe. Hybrid cars are not
beneficial to the environment because of the technologies used to make the batteries, the
amounts of gasses released to create the electricity, and the low quantity of vehicles being used
around the world.
Works Cited
Biello, David. “Electric Cars Are Not Necessarily Clean.” Scientific American, 11 May
2016,
www.scientificamerican.com/article/electric-cars-are-not-necessarily-clean/.
Holly Shaftel “Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Human Health.” Union of Concerned Scientists,
www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/vehicles-air-pollution-and-human- health#.
Wcr8ZdOGPR1. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.
Merchant, Emma Foehringer. “Lithium-Ion Battery Production Is Surging, but at What
Cost?” Gtm, Greentech Media, 20 Sept. 2017,
www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/lithium-ion-battery-production-is-surging-but-atwhat-cost#gs.4xbG76Y.
Al-maskari
1
Yahya Al-maskari
ENC1101
Anastasia Khawaja
November 10, 2017
Going Green with Electric Vehicles.
Electric powered cars have improved throughout the years with the more significant
focus on economy and efficiency. These vehicles appeared in the middle of the 19th Century,
and since then, they have become very popular and loved by many within the global business
world. It is essential to understand that electric powered cars and hybrid cars have long been
perceived to be very expensive and that it is not very economical. In this regard, many shy away
from attempting to own one (Diamond, 2009). This notion has never held any water since the
reality is that electric powered cars and hybrid cars are less expensive and very easy to maintain.
They use electricity thus are very environmentally friendly and does not require to be fueled,
unlike the regular cars that many are having today. As a result of significant innovations
throughout the years, the electric and hybrid cars have improved so much and have become
better than the regular cars.
There are several advantages of owning hybrid and electric powered cars. Many scholars
have developed a scholarly study to evaluate the extent to which hybrid and electric cars have
improved. The overarching results that most of these scholars agree on is that electric cars have
improved a great deal and that it has taken engineers a considerable number of years to improve
these vehicles to meet the growing needs and expectations of people across the world. It is
Al-maskari
2
imperative to understand that electric powered cars provide a solution to the global warming
problem that is caused by the massive emission of green gases to the environment. From this
fact, the growth in popularity of the electric powered cars and hybrid cars has become something
that many have seen in the real world (Diamond, 2009). Today, many countries have played a
significant role in improving the development of electric powered and hybrid cars. One of the
notable benefits of owning such cars is that their owners are relieved the stress of parking costs
as they enjoy the privileges of using both carpooling lines and bus and taxi lines. There are free
parking spots for electric cars, so their owners are not charged a parking fee. In general, such
privileges enhances the overall notion that electric powered vehicles and less expensive than the
normal cars.
The following section provides an in-depth analysis of the perspective of various scholars
in regards to the benefits of hybrid and electric powered cars and to what extent these cars have
improved throughout the years. One thing to note is that many of these scholars are to the
support of the overarching thesis that answers the underlying research question about this study.
It is imperative to understand that this study focuses on evaluating the perspectives of various
researchers on the aspect of the extent to which hybrid and electric powered cars have improved
throughout the years (Zapata & Nieuwenhuis, 2010). The overarching view of many of these
scholars is that hybrid and electric powered vehicles have improved a great deal with regards to
reduction in the cost of purchase and maintenance.
Machines are an integral part of any moving object, fueling is one of the things that make
machines move with ease, electric cars use batteries that must be charged to ensure movement
from one place to another. (Høyer, 2008) undertakes a critical analysis of the long history of
alternative fuels and propulsion technologies. In this perspective, great innovations have been
Al-maskari
3
experienced in search of alternative fuel and propulsion technologies. He argues that electric
powered cars are more efficient and provide an alternative to fuel power which in essence has
resulted in the depletion of the environment due to the emission of poisonous gases to the
environment. He points out that the search for more efficient alternative propulsion power
resulted in great innovations during the golden age period. He points out that during the golden
age period, electric cars and hybrid cars experienced great innovations since that time saw a
prosperous age of technological developments especially in the field of electric power.
Commercial fleets were initially deemed to be necessary in achieving the full application of the
new cars. (Høyer, 2008) closes his remarks by stating that electric powered engines drove
demand thus greater innovation regarding research and developments were deemed necessary.
Essentially these cars help in environmental conservation, in fact no ozone gases are
released into the atmosphere as in the case of manually operated vehicles. From the perspective
of Udaeta et al., (2015), the intent was to analyze electric mobility overtime and evaluates how
electric cars have changed over the years. In his view, the contemporary world faces a lot of
challenges especially when it comes to how to dispose of wastes by average speed in the
transportation industry. The invention of electric cars saw a great development in the manner in
which environment is conserved, and the manner in which people can save on cost and efficiency
with which people waste is disposed off thus keeping the country costs. It is imperative to
understand that the perspective of (Udaeta et al., 2015), is coined in the context of invention and
growth in the use of electric cars as an alternative means of helping people cut cost.
Creativity and innovation are societal tools of the generation Z; radical changes are
taking place in the technological world because this generation has decided to delve into creating
through redesign the existing technologies. Zapata & Nieuwenhuis (2010) investigates the
Al-maskari
4
concept of innovation in the automotive industry by identifying the underlying drives for this
motive. In their analysis, they argue that the major drive for this change is the quest for
alternative source energy that could drive the automotive industry.
It is vital to understand that their analysis supports the underlying notion of improvement
of the hybrid and the electric powered cars. Typically such quests for an alternative source of
drive resulted in improvement in the transport industry which realizes the growth in the
development of electronic powered cars. Diamond, (2009) supports the general idea that electric
cars have improved over the years. In his analysis, he focuses on the general idea of the motive
behind the drive for electric cars. It is worth understanding that the electric vehicles provided an
alternative source of energy to drive the cars. Just like other scholars, Diamond, (2009) argues
that innovations in the automotive industry have influenced the growth of electric cars, the
government support through incentives has also changed the growth of electric vehicles as it has
motivated individuals to own such cars since their maintenance costs are relatively low. The
government took this move to help create a more sustainable environment that is free from the
pollution as electric cars are environmentally friendly.
Counterarguments
Electric cars however efficient they may look from the face of it are one big of a problem,
to begin with are the charging woes. Electric cars require charge after covering some mileage
and since it does not consume fuel it will require that they are charged at various stations, now
the problem chips in when these stations are actually not many in numbers and are not evenly
distributed for easy access by those who own electric cars. Mileage is another challenge faced by
Al-maskari
5
electric cars, on average these cars can move one hundred miles, and this is very
inconveniencing for individuals who operate under long mileages (Carley, 2013).
The expenditures associated with electric cars is quite overwhelming, the batteries used
in powering the cars are not easily available and the available ones are quite expensive. The
batteries are usually overloaded as a result they drain quickly and quality fast slips out of control,
and as earlier mentioned purchases are quite expensive and replacements can be extremely costly
(Hannan, 2014). It is worth noting the differences in the speed for each of the car categories,
electric cars tend to move slower as compared to the manually driven ones. To some extent these
cars are not able to access certain public highways and roads and this may be a big challenge for
those who would want to go on highway driving.
In conclusion, the perspective of various scholars supports the general idea that electric
powered and hybrid cars have improved throughout the years. The perceived high cost of
maintenance of electric vehicles has since been dropped as the government has chipped in to
help lower the cost to boost environmental sustainability. In general, the electric and hybrid cars
have improved so much and have become better than the normal cars.
Al-maskari
6
References
Diamond, D. (2009). The impact of government incentives for hybrid-electric vehicles: Evidence
from US states. Energy Policy, 37(3), 972-983.
Høyer, K. G. (2008). The history of alternative fuels in transportation: The case of electric and
hybrid cars. Utilities Policy, 16(2), 63-71.
Udaeta, M. E. M., Chaud, C. A., Gimenes, A. L. V., & Galvao, L. C. R. (2015). Electric Vehicles
Analysis inside Electric Mobility Looking for Energy Efficient and Sustainable
Metropolis. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 4(01), 1.
Zapata, C., & Nieuwenhuis, P. (2010). Exploring innovation in the automotive industry: new
technologies for cleaner cars. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(1), 14-20.
Carley, S., Krause, R. M., Lane, B. W., & Graham, J. D. (2013). Intent to purchase a plug-in
electric vehicle: A survey of early impressions in large US cites. Transportation
Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 18, 39-45.
Hannan, M. A., Azidin, F. A., & Mohamed, A. (2014). Hybrid electric vehicles and their
challenges: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 135-150.
…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
You will get a plagiarism-free paper and you can get an originality report upon request.
All the personal information is confidential and we have 100% safe payment methods. We also guarantee good grades
Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.
Read moreEach paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.
Read moreThanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.
Read moreYour email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.
Read moreBy sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.
Read more