Expert answer:Thesis defense essay?
Expert answer:Does the evil in the world show that there is not an all powerful, all-knowing, loving God? The type of philosophy paper that is going to be written is the Thesis Defense Paper, you can ignore the rest of the Types of Philosophy Papers. Also, the topic is not in the slides, the topics in the slides can be ignored as well.
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Writing A Philosophical Paper
1) Choice of Topic/Thesis
Should not be too broad to cover
thoroughly
Should not be too narrow to be worth
covering
Should not be so uncontentious that
hardly any reasonable person will disagree
Should not be so far-fetched that no
argument can make it seem plausible
2) Tone
Be Objective
Do not use inflammatory language
Don’t be indignant
3) Balance and Presentation
Present your argument, information, and
evidence
Discuss alternative views as well
◦ What are their merits and downfalls
4) Organization of Paper
Opening paragraph
◦ Announces the task you are going to
undertake
All transitions should be clear and
smooth
5) Originality
DO NOT PLAGIARIZE!
◦ Plagiarism is using another’s words (or
wording close to it), or ideas, allowing the
reader to believe/think /conclude that they
are your words and/or ideas
Always cite your sources
◦ Any information, thoughts, or borrowed
wording you used
6) Accuracy
Use precise language
◦ So as not to misrepresent information
◦ Either your own ideas or someone else’s
7) Use of Language
Use correct grammar and spelling
Use proper punctuation
Avoid obscure language, phrases, and
sentences
Be precise
Review, edit, and rewrite your paper
8) Clarity
Make sure you have clear sentences
◦ And ideas
9) Consistency
Make sure there are no contradictions in
your thought
10) Strength of Argument
Offer reasons in support of your thesis
◦ That a clear thinking, unbiased person would
find persuasive
11) Research
Use credible sources
Use enough research information to
justify your claims
Use research that is relevant to your
topic
Types of Philosophy Papers
1) Thesis Defense Paper
About stating a position and giving
reasons for believing it is true
◦ E.g. an ethics claim/thesis
“Major corporations have a moral obligation to
repair the environmental damage they have done.”
Use reliable evidence and strong
reasoning in defense of your thesis.
2) Compare-And-Contrast-Papers
Showing how two views, books, or
philosophies differ and how they are alike.
3) Research Paper
A survey of important views that have
been written on a specific topic.
4) Summary Papers
A restatement of another’s view(s) in
your own words.
5) Explanatory Papers
Goes beyond a summery.
It’s meant to illuminate another’s view(s)
through the use of analogies, examples,
and/or comparisons.
Philosophy Topics
and
Sample Paper Topics
1) Ethics
The study of moral rights and
responsibilities.
◦ Sample Topics
1) The moral obligation of major corporations, why
they have them, and/or what they are.
2) Is abortion ever morally justifiable?
3) Human equality and the right to marriage.
4) End of life issues.
2) Political Philosophy
The study of political rights and
obligations; the study of social justice.
◦ Sample Topics.
1) What should one do when one’s conscience
conflicts with law?
2) What constitutes a just law?
3) Where does the responsibility lie when it comes
to feeding, and housing the homeless?
Metaphysics/Ontology
The study of theories of reality.
◦ Sample Topics:
1) Quantitative and qualitative accounts of nature in
the pre-Socratic philosophers;
2) Ancient and modern atomism;
3) Does metaphysics have to be scientific?
4) The mind and body problem.
Epistemology
The study of how humans can know, the
kinds of knowledge, and the possibility of
certainty
◦ Sample Topics:
1) Circularity in Descartes’s Meditations;
2) The subjectivity of scientific knowledge;
3) The merging together of rationalism and
empiricism to gain knowledge and understanding.
Philosophy of Religion
The study of problems of knowledge and
truth in religion.
◦ Sample Topics:
1) Can the existence of God be proven empirically?
2) Are there rational justifications for atheism?
3) If God exist, what type of God is S/He, and what
are the human implications?
A Thesis Defense Paper
Developing A Thesis
Thesis
From an ancient Greek word meaning
Stand or Position
It’s a particular stand or position you take
on an issue.
Your thesis statement should be stated in
your opening paragraph(s).
◦ The first or second paragraph
The rest of your paper needs to show
why your position is correct or
reasonable.
Opening and Closing Paragraphs
Formal Opening Paragraph(s)
Formal opening paragraphs should help
the reader anticipate the reasoning that
will be offered in your paper
◦ A) State your thesis (make it clear)
◦ B) Show how you intend to support your
thesis
Formal Closing Paragraph(s)
A) They go back to the opening paragraph
showing that you have done what you
said you were going to do.
B) It refers to the body of the paper
showing that you did establish what you
said you were going to establish.
The Body Of The Paper
A) The structure of the paper should reflect
the preview you gave in your opening
paragraph(s).
B) Use Roman Numerals for the various
sections of your paper.
◦ For each point.
C) Use transition phrases to call attention to
shifts in your paper.
◦ E.g. “The third, and final argument in support of
my thesis is this …”
D) Make sure to use good, clear reasoning.
Tone
A) Don’t attempt to sell your ideas using
overblown rhetoric.
B) Use good reasoning.
C) Use reliable insight.
D) Sounding sure of yourself is not equal
to sounding reasonable.
E) Don’t fabricate facts.
F) Don’t treat the views of other’s unfairly.
Premises and Conclusions
Premise
A statement of evidence
An observation, or claim, offered in
support of the point to be proven.
Premise Indicators
Expressions that often precede and serve
to announce a premise.
◦ The most common premise indicators are
Since, and Because
◦ Phrases such as,
“Due to the fact that”, and
“For the following reasons, also introduce premises.
Conclusion
A statement for which evidence has been
offered.
◦ Your thesis statement is a conclusion.
Conclusion Indicators
Expressions that often precede and serve
to announce a conclusion are
◦ So,Thus,Therefore, and Consequently
Less common indicators are
◦ Hence,
◦ As this leads us to the conclusion that,
And
◦ It follows that
…
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