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Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal (1729)
Who is Jonathan Swift?
• Anglo-Irish cleric, poet, satirist, essayist and
political pamphleteer (first for Whigs and
then for Tories)
• Born 30 November 1667; died 19 October
1745
• Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin
• Contemporary of Daniel Defoe (Robinson
Crusoe, 1719)
• Gulliver’s Travels (1726) and A Modest Proposal
(1729)
• Critical of British policy towards the Irish and
contemporary attitudes towards the poor
A Modest Proposal
• What is it about?
• Who is the implied audience?
• How is the implied audience expected to respond?
• Where does the focus of sympathy lie?
• Who is the speaker of this text?
• Is the argument convincing?
• What argumentative techniques does Swift employ?
Irony
“The expression of one’s meaning by
using language that normally signifies
the opposite, typically for humorous
or emphatic effect” (OED)
Irony
Satire
Pawel Kuczynski (http://www.boredpanda.com/satiricalillustrations-pawel-kuczynski-2/)
“The use of humour, irony, exaggeration
or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s
stupidity or vices, particularly in the
context of contemporary politics and
other topical issues” (OED)
Satire
Pawel Kuczynski (http://www.boredpanda.com/satiricalillustrations-pawel-kuczynski-2/)
A Modest Proposal – structure of argument
Classical argumentative style…
• Introduction of problem
• Scope of essay
• Solution of problem
• Supporting arguments
• Possible objections
• Refutation of objections
• Return to original proposition and defending it as only logical solution
A Modest Proposal
• Swift’s “proposal attacks greedy and
unreasonable people who adopt the
language and techniques of reason to
express unreasonable attitudes”
• Swift uses “language and terminology of
economics, scientific calculation and
animal husbandry” as a means to “hide
insanely inhumane attitudes behind a
mask of social concern”
[Source: Steven Scott, Don Perkins and Erika Rothwell, Intersections:
Essays in the Sciences and Humanities (1999)]
…
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