Expert answer:revised and edit my paper
Solved by verified expert:there are 2 questions 1- fully define and give examples to these four words:Rosetta stone, cuneiform,Kouros, Humanism. 2- explain the artwork.i already did them and i have the teacher feedback attached, focus on Kouros please, i need someone good in art to revise my paper.
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Running head: HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
Historical Art description
Author’s Name
Institution Affiliation
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HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
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Historical Art Description
Question 1
Rosetta Stone
As the name suggests, it is a unique stone made of granodiorite. This black stone was
carved in the 196 B.C. The origin of the stone is Egypt in Rosette (Rashid) town where it is
believed to have been used for building Fort Julien in the Hellenistic period. It became to be
widely known as a bilingual text artifact after its rediscovery by French soldiers in 1799 who are
reconstructing a fort. The stone had three scripts (hieroglyphic, Greek, and demotic) that were
used to write on it in Greek and Egyptian languages. The scripts helped both the priests,
Egyptian rulers, and government officials to understand the message. Egyptians understood the
demotic script, the Egyptian rulers were familiar with the Greek, and the hieroglyphic script was
used for religious or significant documents. The scripts written on the stone represent the
message a team of Egyptians priests relayed in honor of Egyptian Pharaoh. They revealed good
things Pharaoh did for both Egyptians and the priests. An example of Rosetta stone is one
present in the British Museum (KhanAcademy, 2017).
HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
Figure 1. The Rosetta Stone (KhanAcademy , 2017).
Cuneiform
It is a form of ancient writing that dates back about 3,000 B.C.E (KhanAcademy, 2017).
Sumerians, residents of ancient Mesopotamia, invented the cuneiform form of writing. Scripts
were done on tablets by the Sumerians using a language known as the Sumerian, the first
language in Mesopotamia. Cuneiform was used to pass information about the work
administrators did such as those of big temple institutions. The script was also used for making
records to allocate ratios of goods that were being transported and stored. In keeping records of
produce such as grains and livestock (cattle and sheep), temple officials sought a more reliable
alternative method other than memory to do their activities. Cuneiform was the form that started
with pictographs that involved the use of pictures and texts to represent items. An example of
this form of an inscription is shown by cuneiform tablets found in the British Museum.
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HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. Ancient Tablet showing cuneiform script (KhanAcademy , 2017).
Kouros
Kouros is a representational sculpture that takes the shape of a human being. It was
developed in the Archaic period, between 700 BCE to 480 BCEE by the Greeks. Kouros
represented the figure of a youth and was used by the Greeks to mark the grave of an Athenian
aristocrat who is young. Examples of Kouros include the Greek’s marble kroisos sculpture from
Anavysos and Egyptian kouros (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017).
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HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
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Figure 3. Greek kouros (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017)
Humanism
Humanism is an ancient philosophy that was strengthened during the Renaissance period
by renaissance intellectuals in Europe. This philosophy was restored to show belief of value and
independence of human. These intellectuals used artwork to show signs of humanism in which
they considered a human figure as vital. A humanistic artwork has human figures that imply that
humans have capabilities that make them worth. An example of artwork that is a sign of
humanism is an ancient painting of Mary containing a halo. Such artwork implies that Mary is a
supernatural being and is above the common man (Read, 2014).
HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
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Figure 4. A picture of Mary with the halo.
Question 2
Figure 5. Artwork 1
HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
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Figure 6. Artwork 2
In figure 1, the artwork represents the Egyptian culture. The scripts represent a royal
male, Menkaure, and his queen. They show a trait in a human. The language used in the
Egyptian culture, at the time the picture was developed, is the demotic Egyptian language. The
sculptures are made from the stone material. This material is used to preserve the culture for an
extended period. The technique employed in the sculptures is stone molding that gives out a
smooth textural finishing probably through quality polishing. They must have been made from a
well-defined grid. They express humanism in which significant people in the history of the
Egyptian culture (Pharaoh) are remembered for their role they played in their era. The picture is
used to represent the ancient ruling where many kingdoms were ruled by a king and a queen
since the sculptures represent an image of a man and a woman.
Figure 2 represents a prehistoric art of the Austrian culture. The sculptures were made
from either stone, bone, antler, ivory or clay material, but perhaps their appearances could
indicate that it is limestone (clay) material. The technique used in this art is carving or clay
modeling. It functioned as a fertility doll to represent a large number of females than males in
Austria. The art has a slightly rough texture decoration. The sculptures have female figures with
HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
pendulous breasts, fat bellies, and noticeable buttocks. They lack facial details to express. They
have leg slightly broken off, but vulva and button of the belly are well-defined.
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HISTORICAL ART DESCRIPTION
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References
KhanAcademy . (2017). Cuneiform (article): Sumerian. Retrieved October 9, 2017, from
khanacademy.org: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-artcivilizations/ancient-near-east1/sumerian/a/cuneiform
KhanAcademy . (2017). The Rosetta Stone: Ptolemaic. Retrieved October 9, 2017, from
khanacademy.org: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-artcivilizations/egypt-art/ptolemaic/a/the-rosetta-stone
Metropolitan Museum of Art. (2017). Marble statue of a kouros (youth). Retrieved October 9,
2017, from metmuseum.org: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.11.1/
Read, H. (2014). Speculations: Essays on Humanism and the Philosophy of Art. Hoboken:
Taylor and Francis.
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