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Solved by verified expert:you were asked to review the assignment instruction for the Module 8 Portfolio Project. The Portfolio assignment requires that you select a national or global social issue for which to explore causes and possible solutions. As an academic writer, it is vital to form a working thesis about your topic early, so that you can shape your research and form an inquiry plan about the research material that you will be using. You will also need to select and analyze key concepts of the topic early in the research process.For this Critical Thinking assignment, you are to compose a working thesis that takes a definite position on an arguable issue and maps a few of the main points you plan to explore. Specifically, your working thesis should state a problem, describe and evaluate at least one aspect of the cause, and offer one potential solution.For example, one could explore the recent boom in real estate values in a specific area of the nation or world. While this could be seen as a positive situation and not a problem, any dramatic increase in the cost and availability of housing can become problematic for some groups or the society as a whole. Within this topic, key concepts need to be discovered, such as what are the effects of changes in home valuations or how does sudden population growth affect a city. You will need to state and clearly specify your approach and position on the topic and argue the validity of it. You will also need to understand any potential arguments against your position.Before you make a final decision, try brainstorming. Choose two or three potential topics and explore the key concepts involved to see if the topic holds your interest and is doable.Requirements:Use third personAssert your academic voiceChoose a topic related to a problem you would like to address; ask a question about how to solve the problem. The question must start with the phrase, “What would it take to . . .?” Answer the question with a thesis that names the problem, cause, and solution.Describe why you made your final selection and discuss in some detail the key concepts you think are important to that particular topic.Cite at least two sources for this assignment. You will have to cite several credible sources in your final portfolio project, so start exploring credible sources now. In academic writing, it is always best practices to cite credible sources, such as a scholarly journal article. The CSU-Global Library is an excellent place to search for credible, scholarly sources.Your written paper should be 2-3 pages in length not counting the title and reference pages, which you must include.
ct_2_eng_102.doc

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Running head: ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
1
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
The world is faced with a growing population estimated to be about 7 Billion according to the
United Nations. This population growth is accompanied by a set of problems mainly increased
environmental population, depletion of natural resources particularly fossil fuels. The needs for
transportation and energy that drive industries have significantly increased environmental
pollution. Environmental pollution has been made worse with fossil fuels (Gasoline and Diesel)
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
2
that studies have shown leads to the greenhouse effect that have a direct impact on ozone layer
depletion. The impact of the ozone layer is having an immediate effect: increased global
temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns and reducing snow and glacier covers on mountains. An
alternative to fossil fuels in support of transportation with the use of electric cars for a while had
been facing a problem of sustainability. There is increased global demand for energy and
decreased oil and gas production.
The cost of wind power has gradually been increasing from 70 trillion BTU of energy in
2001 to 924 trillion BTU in 2010. This was a significant increase in the use of renewable energy.
In the USA by 2014, the contribution of wind energy was at a 181-gigawatt hour. The
contribution of renewable energy to the total energy use is at 35%. This shift to the use of
sustainable energy is a significant contribution to reducing reliance on diminishing fossil fuels.
The improvement in innovation and usage of green energy as a primary source of energy is
solving the problem of environmental pollution, reducing greenhouse effect and preserving
natural resources that are getting exhausted (Hawkins et al. 53-64).
The primary challenge of electric cars for a long time had been hampered by their limited
capacity to maintain energy over an extended period. This problem would have been addressed
by having numerous recharging points along the driveways. Innovations in the use of lithium-ion
batteries by enhancing their energy holding capacity tackled this challenge. The ability of
Lithium-ion batteries reduces the density of recharging points which is beneficial to the
environment. Energy holding capacity innovation was a breakthrough for Lithium-ion batteries.
Studies comparing Gasoline, diesel, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles regarding reducing
over-reliance on fossil fuels (“Nature Climate Change”).
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
3
The high cost of Lithium-ion batteries delayed progression of electric vehicles. The
development of Lithium Batteries energy holding capacity reduced the cost of lithium-ion
batteries while increasing their ability. Also, the increased mass production of Lithium-ion
batteries reduced the unit cost. Studies of Hybrid vehicles have reported 10-24% in global energy
reduction, examining hybrid cars compared to conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles over
150,000 kilometers metrics. The hybrid vehicles (plug-in hybrid electric Vehicles) using both
electronic and gasoline had low capacity only contributing a saving of between 5-40% per gallon
fossil fuels. This saving contributes to the reduced greenhouse effect, more moderate
temperatures, reduced use of fossil fuels, and better environmental conservation (Peterson 429438).
Further studies on electric cars in addressing the dependence on an unsustainable report:
a reduction of 27-29% using gasoline cars and 17-20% on diesel cars covering 200,000
Kilometers as a measure of reduction. The studies assume 200,000 kilometers is the lifetime
usage of a vehicle. Examining the contribution of Electric vehicles in reducing the dependence
on fossil fuels at a global level in the face of dwindling fossil fuels reserves is quite significant.
The development of Lithium-ion as a source of packed energy and increased acceptance of
electric cars will make electric vehicles sustainable. The frequency of charging centers along
significant roads demand also reduced with improved battery capacity (Nature Climate
Change”).
The use of green energy regarding wind energy, solar energy all sources of renewable
energy is directing efforts towards sustainable energy sources that are renewable. The investment
in electric vehicles supported by Lithium-ion batteries will go a long way in enabling the
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
4
growing population to travel sustainably using rechargeable batteries that take time to discharge
requiring a recharge.
References:
Hawkins, Troy et al. “Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of Conventional and
Electric vehicles” Journal of Industrial Ecology, Feb. 2013, Vol. 17 (2), 53-64
Nykvist, Bjorn; Nilsson, Mans. “Rapidly Falling Costs of Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles”
Nature Climate Change, Nov. 2015.
Peterson, Scott. B.; Michalek, Jeremy, J. “Cost-effectiveness of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Battery Capacity and Charging infrastructure Investment for Reducing Use of Gasoline
Consumption” Energy policy, Jan. 2013, Vol. 52, 429-438.
…
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