Expert answer:peer review
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Savannah Gannon
Erica Jones
English 205
October 10, 2017
*Sorry this is a really rough rough draft I ran out of time and my computer died
Writing within your discipline
The Medical field is a large loving tree with many branches and fruits that fall beneath it.
The medical filed can mean so many things and lead to many professions. Writing in general
within the medical field is also equally open ended. Writing within this discipline can mean
writing an entrance essay to a medical school, it can also be writing a health care bill, or typing
up someones medical history, or creating a medical pathway for someone with a chronic disease
or disorder. However, writing as a nurse, technician, student, medical writer, or policy writer
have one very important them in common, you are writing for someone else so the language
must be professional, concise, and most importantly factually correct. Some of the types of
writing I’m going to talk about today are abstracts, medical journalism, grant proposals, resumes,
medical school entry essays, and scientific reports. The basis of medical writing stems from
guidelines outlined by the American Medical Writers Association which aims on improving the
medical writing and editing of its 5,600 members in 28 countries. The members of the AMWA
range from medical physicians, to medical librarians, health educators, and various hospital
personnel.
The first aspect of medical writing is medical journalism. Purdue owl describes medical
journalism as “a subspecialty of medical writing, (it) is important because it helps connect the
scientific community with the general public”, newspapers and magazines commonly publish
public oriented articles on science and medicine. The goal of a medical journal is to accurately
represent the research of scientists and clinicians, entertain readers, and to properly educate the
public in a manner that is informative and easy to digest. The two most important elements of a
successful medical journal is accuracy and translation. Medical journals must accurately
represent the complex research of scientists and clinicians objectively. The information given by
the author must convey extensive knowledge and credibility as well as explain ideas the public
may not understand. Most medical journals like the Journal of the American medical association
usually provide the authors address to spark further conversation with the author and or to fact
check. Translation is another key element in ensuring an effective journal article. Translating
primary literature, data, and complex medical terms can be difficult.
Work Cited
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/4/27/
http://libguides.lib.msu.edu/medwriting
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149406/
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/732/01/
http://www.amwa.org/
Writing Within Your Discipline
English 205, The Academic Writer’s Workshop
The main goal of this writing project is for you to become more familiar with the type of writing that you will
need to produce within your chosen field of study. For this assignment, your goals are to explore writing within
a specific discipline or field and to analyze a piece of writing from your discipline for various rhetorical and
discourse features.
Research Focus
For this assignment, you will use materials from various sources, both academic and otherwise; you will
determine whether or not sources are credible; and you will conduct an interview with a professional or a
professor in your field/discipline.
You will be responsible for formulating questions for the interview that you conduct with a professional or a
professor in your field/discipline. Some areas that you will want to address are:
• What type of formatting or style guide (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago, IEEE) does your field tend to use?
• What are the various genres/types of writing that professionals within your field of study produce?
• What types of rhetorical and discourse features do you see being used in a specific piece of writing in
your field?
• What are the prominent journals or research databases associated with this field/discipline?
Your questions should not be limited to these categories but should also include any inquiries that you feel will
help prepare you for writing within your discipline.
Your essay should include the following parts
•
•
•
Introduction: should provide an overview of the field of study as well as a brief synopsis of each of the
main ideas to be discussed in the body of the essay.
Body: Should outline the types of writing produced in your field, the rhetorical and discourse features of
writing within your discipline, should describe research methods for your field and any other pertinent
information.
Conclusion: should distill the main components of writing within your discipline and reiterate the main
points of your essay.
Length
The essay will be 4-6 pages, double-spaced pages and should follow the style guide used in your field of study.
If there is not a particular style guide associated with your field of study, you are welcome to use either MLA or
APA.
Due Dates
Final draft due by the start of class on Thursday October 20, 2017
Failure to submit the essay by on Thursday October 20, 2017 will result in the essay being
marked late, one letter grade for each day it is late, as stated in the syllabus.
Writing Within Your Discipline Rubric (20%, 200 Points)
Criteria
Introduction,
Thesis, and
Conclusion
Organization
Genres of Writing,
Rhetorical &
Discourse
Features,
Research
Methods
Research
Objectives
Process/ Peer
Review
Language
use, mechanics,
and formatting
Excellent
Effective
Adequate
Developing
0
Introduction provides
context for the rest of the
paper and thoroughly
introduces the issue; thesis
is explicit, clear, and
arguable; conclusion
recasts thesis, provides
cohesion to whole paper,
and makes deeper
connections to future
implications of the
argument.
The text is adequate at
providing sufficient context
for the rest of the essay
and the issue in the
introduction; at clearly
introducing the main ideas
in the thesis; at
synthesizing main
argument in the
conclusion.
The text is minimal in
providing sufficient context
for the rest of the essay
and the issue in the
introduction; at clearly
introducing the main ideas
in the thesis; recasting
thesis, at synthesizing
main ideas in the
conclusion.
The text is weak in
providing sufficient context
for the rest of the essay
and the issue in the
introduction; at clearly
introducing the main ideas
in the thesis; at
synthesizing the main
ideas for the argument in
the conclusion.
Does not
address
this
Subject
area.
Essay exhibits a clear and
logical organizational
choice; paragraphs are
cohesive and logical,
avoiding unnecessary
information; effective topic
sentences and transitions
help readers move
smoothly from section to
section.
Organization of the essay
is adequate to the task;
paragraphs are generally
cohesive and clear but may
contain some unnecessary
information; OR essay
contains weak or missing
transitions or topic
sentences.
Essay organization is
minimal and ideas may be
difficult to follow;
paragraphs are not
generally cohesive or clear;
OR essay contains weak or
missing transitions or topic
sentences.
Essay organization is weak
and difficult to follow;
paragraphs are not
cohesive; text has weak or
missing transitions or topic
sentences.
Does not
address
this
area.
Essay clearly explains the
genres of writing within the
author’s discipline;
examines, explains, and—
when appropriate—utilizes
the rhetorical and
discourse features of
writing within their
discipline; clearly
articulates the various
research avenues (such as
journals, databases, etc.)
that are important in their
field of study;
Author struggles with one
of the following areas:
Essay clearly explains the
genres of writing within the
author’s discipline;
examines, explains, and—
when appropriate—utilizes
the rhetorical and
discourse features of
writing within their
discipline; clearly
articulates the various
research avenues (such as
journals, databases, etc.)
that are important in their
field of study.
Author struggles with two
of the following areas:
Essay clearly explains the
genres of writing within the
author’s discipline;
examines, explains, and—
when appropriate—utilizes
the rhetorical and
discourse features of
writing within their
discipline; clearly
articulates the various
research avenues (such as
journals, databases, etc.)
that are important in their
field of study.
Author struggles with three
of the following areas:
Essay clearly explains the
genres of writing within the
author’s discipline;
examines, explains, and—
when appropriate—utilizes
the rhetorical and
discourse features of
writing within their
discipline; clearly
articulates the various
research avenues (such as
journals, databases, etc.)
that are important in their
field of study.
Does not
address
this
area.
Quotations and
paraphrases are
effectively selected and
integrated; multiple
credible sources, including
at least one personal
interview, are seamlessly
integrated into the author’s
text and serve to support or
illustrate the author’s ideas.
Quotations and
paraphrases are well
selected and integrated;
multiple credible sources,
including at least one
personal interview, are
integrated into the author’s
text and serve to support or
illustrate the author’s ideas.
Quotations and
paraphrases are only
adequately selected and
integrated; a few sources
are integrated into the
author’s text abut do not
adequately support or
illustrate the author’s ideas.
No personal interview
included.
Quotations and
paraphrases are poorly
integrated and analyzed;
Too few sources and
sources are not credible;
No personal interview
included.
Effectively incorporated
peer review comments and
feedback into final draft;
Significant improvement
between drafts.
Incorporated most peer
review and feedback into
final draft. Some
improvement between
drafts.
Did not incorporate many
comments into final draft.
Minor difference between
drafts.
No discernible difference
between drafts.
Does not
address
this
subject
area.
Superior editing—
professional looking work
with limited errors in
spelling, grammar, word
order, word usage,
sentence structure, and
punctuation. Author makes
effective, professional
language and formatting
choices throughout all
documents.
Good editing—professional
looking essay with few
errors per document in
spelling, grammar, word
order, word usage,
sentence structure, and
punctuation. Author makes
mostly effective and
professional language and
formatting choices.
Fair editing— repeated
issues with spelling,
grammar, word order, word
usage, sentence structure,
or punctuation. Author
makes adequate language
and formatting choices.
Careless editing—several
serious errors in spelling,
grammar, word order, word
usage, sentence structure,
or punctuation; Author
makes ineffective language
and formatting choices in
some or all documents
Does not
address
this
area.
Does not
address
this
area.
Pavia 1
Nathan Pavia
Jones
English 205
October 10, 2017
Writing Within Your Discipline: Rough Draft
Occupational therapy is a career path that I am very interested in, and it has
piqued my interest because of helping others with disabilities, and because of my uncle being a
occupational therapist himself. Occupational therapy is assisting people with physical or mental
disabilities with everyday tasks and activities. This field takes a bachelor’s degree in certain
areas including psychology, biology, or many more. It also requires the person interested to
attend OT school to be better equipped and prepared for the job. Internship is also recommended
in this field to hone one’s skills in the career. A key component of being an occupational
therapist is writing, and “regardless of the end product, writing in this field requires the
development and implementation of key skills that allow occupational therapists to effectively
communicate findings, analyses, and evaluations” (Merritt, 60). More descriptively, writing
research papers and reports on experiments and the people you assist. These reports vary from
screenings to evaluations to interventions and to outcomes of working with the disabled people.
The reports are usually sent to the person to let them know how they are doing in their meetings.
The types of writing that occupational therapists create display certain rhetoric and certain
discourse for the reader so the reader better understands the performance of the people being
helped.
The types of writing that is used in occupational therapy are reports that document the
work done during the session and what the results are. When it comes to occupational therapy,
Pavia 2
documenting a session is very important because it allows the audience to interpret and
understand what occurred during a meeting with a patient. There are various different reports
that an occupational therapist constructs which include screening reports, evaluation reports,
intervention plans, and discharge reports.
Screening reports “consists of an initial brief assessment to determine client’s need for an
occupational therapy evaluation” (Clark and Youngstrom, 2), or for a referral to another
occupational therapy office. The screening reports usually contains the clients name, why they
are seeking occupational therapy, and any referral or prior occupational therapy information.
Evaluation reports are split up into two categories, evaluation and reevaluation.
Evaluation reports consists of an analysis of the clients performance during the session, and the
therapist adds the results to the report (Clark and Youngstrom, 3).
Pavia 3
*Example of an evaluation report
After an evaluation form is documented, the client comes back for a reevaluation. This
reevaluation allows for the therapist to check on the client, and see if they have improved in a
specific field. The reevaluation report “documents the results of the reevaluation process” (Clark
and Youngstrom, 4). The therapist writes down the results of the reevaluation, formulates a
summary of their analysis of the session, and if needed, the therapist makes recommendations to
the client if they need more therapy services.
The third type of report that occupational therapists compose are intervention plans. The
intervention plan “documents the goals, intervention approaches, and types of intervention…to
achieve the client’s identified target outcomes” (Clark and Youngstrom, 5). OTs also
recommend their clients to other occupational therapy services or other agencies that can better
help with the client’s intervention plans. The intervention plan also incorporates service
contacts, progress reports, and transition plans.
The final type of report that occupational therapist conduct are discharge reports. These
reports describe how a client has grown from the first meetings to the present. It discusses how
their skills in a particular occupation or activity has increased. The therapist will also write
down recommendations in case the client needs to keep in touch with the therapist or other
services.
Pavia 4
(Will have paragraphs on rhetoric and discourse after I conduct my interview.)
In the field of occupational therapy, writing is essential for the therapist, and helps the
therapist communicate with their fellow colleagues and their clients. Majority of the writing
done in occupational therapy are reports, and they call for specific rhetoric and discourse in
them. When writing reports in occupational therapy, there are multiple types of reports that need
to be written, which include screening reports, evaluation reports, interventions plans, and
discharge reports. Within these reports there are certain rhetorical devices and discourse
involved. (Conclusion will be completed when the interview is over.)
Pavia 5
Work Cited
Clark, Gloria Frolek, and Mary Jane Youngstrom. “Http://Ljournal.ru/WpContent/Uploads/2016/08/d-2016-154.Pdf.” Guidelines for Documentation of
Occupational Therapy , 2013, pp. 1–9., doi:10.18411/d-2016-154.
Merritt, Meredith, “Occupational Therapists in the Field of Writing” (2015).Student
Publications.Paper 27. http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/student_publications/27
Peer Review
Contents
Lesson Objectives:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Peer Review ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Tools ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Track Changes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Accepting or Rejecting Format Changes (or, Getting Rid of all that Red) ……………………………………… 3
Inserting Comments …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Using Feedback………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
One Last Thought About Peer Review ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Lesson Objectives:
The objectives of this lecture are
•
•
to gain an understanding of the most effective approaches to the peer review process
to become familiar with the various tools available to aid in the peer review process
Peer Review
There are a few things to think about before beginning the peer review process. First, it is extremely
important to be as specific as possible when responding to your peers’ work. It is not helpful to give
comments such as “It was good” or “I was confused.” For every question that you answer in peer
review, you should point to specific moments in the text. If you liked a specific paragraph, identify the
paragraph and then describe what you liked about it. If you are confused by something in the text,
identify the moment that confused you and then tell the author why you are confused. The more
specific your feedback is, the more helpful it will be to the author of the essay.
Second, it can be awkward to give your peers feedback. Sometimes, if we are not confident in our own
writing, it is difficult to give feedback to other people. We sometimes question whether our insights or
suggestions are correct or even helpful. However, as a peer, you have a unique perspective to offer the
author of the essay. You have read the same lectures, completed the same assignments, and are
responding to the same prompt. Your insights and opinions are valid. You may even consider offering
advice by relating some of your own experiences. For instance, if you notice that your peer isn’t using
the language of rhetoric correctly, you may consider giving them information about how you
incorporate the language into your own texts—the more we learn about how other people approach the
writing process, the more tools we have to choose from in our own writing process.
There may be instances when you identify a moment in your peer’s essay that seems awkward or
wrong, but you’re not sure what the problem is. Don’t feel like you have to have all of the answers in
peer review—it can be helpful just to point to a sentence and say “this doesn’t seem right, but I’m not
sure why.” When you are able to offer suggestions or advice, by all means do. But please don’t refrain
from commenting on an area of text because you don’t know how to improve it. Sometimes it’s just
helpful to have t …
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