Answer & Explanation:”Work Breakdown Structure” Please respond to the following:Compare and contrast work breakdown schedule (WBS) and Phase Diagram in terms of appropriateness and effectiveness for the VectorCal navigation system. Determine which method best serves VectorCal’s needs. Provide a rationale for your response.Suggest two to three (2-3) other methods that VectorCal could use to obtain labor cost data in anaccurate fashion in addition to WBS and Phase Diagram. Predict the manner in which VectorCal could use these methods to decrease the amount of government funds needed.eng315_w6_c9.ppt
eng315_w6_c9.ppt
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Professional Communications
ENG 315
Revising Written Messages
Objectives
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Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
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Use writing process strategies to develop brief business documents,
such as routine messages, bad-news messages, and
persuasive/sales messages
Develop written pieces to match the characteristics of audience within
a business and/or professional context
Assess strengths and weaknesses in the student’s own writing and
in the writing of others
Organize ideas logically by using transitional words, phrases, and
sentences
Support ideas or claims in body paragraphs with clear details,
examples, and explanations
Use sentence variety and effective word choice in written
communication
Use correct grammar, punctuation, and mechanics in written
communication
The Importance of Revising
Written Messages
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Writers should revise work because:
– Errors reflect on one’s own reputation
– Errors reflect poorly on the company
– A polished project raises one’s profile
Preparing Oneself for
Revising and Proofreading
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Writers should use the following revision
steps:
– See the document from the audience’s
perspective
– Revise a document until unable to identify
errors
– Allow others to make suggestions
Using Systematic
Procedures for Revising
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The procedures for revising include:
– Print a copy of the draft for reading
– Find errors in content, organization, and
style
– Proofread for mechanical errors
– Proofread again for additional errors
– Edit for format and layout
– Use the spell check tool
– Print the document on high quality paper
Checking the Content for
Ethical Communication
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Ethical communication includes:
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Truthful and honest information
Unembellished ideas
Clear writing
Facts and correct relationships
Checking for Logical
Development and Unity
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A message always includes:
– Introduction paragraph
– Body paragraphs
• The number depend on the message
– Final paragraph
Check Your Understanding
Developing Coherent
Paragraphs
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Coherent paragraphs:
– Use the deductive or inductive organization
– Contain a clear topic sentence
– Use transition words for flow
Developing Paragraph
Length
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Paragraphs should be kept short
The average paragraph length is six
sentences
Paragraphs should not go over ten lines
One line space should be inserted
between each paragraph
Using Correct Sentence
Structure
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Common terms of sentence structure
include:
– Subjects and verbs
– Phrases
– Clauses
• Independent clauses
• Dependent clauses
– Sentence fragments
– Run-on sentences
The Four Sentence Types
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Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex
Active and Passive Voice
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Active voice
– The subject performs the action
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Passive voice
– The direct object is acted upon
Emphasizing Important
Ideas
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To emphasize ideas, writers can:
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Use sentence structure
Repeat words
Position words
Change the quantity and placement of
information
– Use label words
Improving Readability
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Readability is the grade level of writing
Writers should estimate their readers’
levels
Some word processing programs can
assess readability
Check Your Understanding
Using Contemporary
Language
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To use contemporary language, writers
should:
– Avoid archaic language
– Eliminate clichés
Using Simple and Informal
Words
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Using simple language involves:
– Avoiding fancy and ornate words
– Choosing simple language over advanced
language
– Eliminating technical terms or jargon for a
non-technical audience
Communicating Concisely
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To make a document more concise,
writers can:
– Eliminate redundancies
– Use the active voice
Applying Visual Enhancements to
Improve Readability
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Visual enhancements include:
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Chunking
Using lists
Adding tables, graphs, and relevant images
Incorporating lines and borders
Projecting a Positive, Tactful
Tone
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Five language techniques:
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Use positive language
Avoid using the second person
Use the passive voice
Utilize the subjunctive mood
Integrate a positive statement in a negative
sentence
Conveying Sensitivity to
International Audiences
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To meet the needs of international
audiences, writers should:
– Avoid abbreviations or slang
– Avoid words that trigger emotional
responses
– Use simple but specific terms
– Utilize figures to represent numbers
– Write out the name of the month
– Become familiar with the formatting
preferences of a culture
Summary
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Tone
Active voice and passive voice
Concise wording
Visual presentation and readability
Peer review and revision
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