Expert answer:Theory and Research in Child Development, assignme

Answer & Explanation:Can anyone help me out with these 20 questions from my child development class?exam_1.docx
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1. In a sequential design, which of the following occurs?
A. Researchers conduct several cross-sectional or longitudinal
investigations.
B. Participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are
noted as they get older.
C. Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in
time.
D. Participants are presented with a novel task, and researchers follow
their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions.
2. According to Erikson, children gain insight into the person
they can become through make-believe play during the
_______ stage.
A. initiative versus guilt
B. autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. industry versus inferiority
D. basic trust versus mistrust
3. A researcher would like 9-year-old Simon to participate in a
study. The researcher should obtain permission from
A. Simon’s parents only.
B. neither Simon nor his parents.
C. Simon only.
D. Simon and his parents.
4. Development is often divided into which of the following
three broad domains?
A. Social, cultural, historical
B. Infancy, childhood, adolescence
C. Physical, cognitive, emotional and social
D. Biological, social, intellectual
5. Dr. Hoo believes that children who are high in verbal ability,
anxiety, or sociability will remain so at later ages. Dr. Hoo
likely emphasizes the role of _______ in her research.
A. context
B. stability
C. discontinuity
D. plasticity
6. When participants in her longitudinal study on the effects of
child care moved away or dropped out, Dr. Swan was probably
concerned about
A. biased sampling.
B. selective attrition.
C. cohort effects.
D. practice effects.
7. Which of the following is a major criticism of Freud’s
theory?
A. It ignores the value of the clinical, or case study, method.
B. It mostly ignores milestones of infant and toddler development.
C. It doesn’t acknowledge the individual’s unique life history as
worthy of study and understanding.
D. It was based on the problems of sexually repressed, well-to-do
adults, not on direct study of children.
8. A strength of _______ is that it reflects participants’
everyday behavior.
A. structured observation
B. naturalistic observation
C. the structured interview
D. the clinical interview
9. G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,
A. were the first researchers to implement behavior modification
techniques.
B. developed the first intelligence test.
C. regarded child development as a maturational process.
D. argued that children actively revise their ways of thinking, but also
learn through habit.
10. Psychoanalytic theorists were strongly committed to
A. systematic observation.
B. correlational studies of preschool children.
C. in-depth study of individual children.
D. the experimental method.
11. _______ has been used to relieve a wide range of serious
developmental problems, such as persistent aggression and
extreme fears.
A. Behavior modification
B. Modeling
C. Observational learning
D. Social-cognitive theory
12. An investigator interested in studying sexual practices
among high school students asked them to post their answers
on a Facebook group page. Which of the following research
rights was most obviously violated?
A. Informed consent
B. Protection from harm
C. Beneficial treatments
D. Privacy
13. In a microgenetic design, which of the following occurs?
A. Researchers conduct several cross-sectional or longitudinal investigations.
B. Participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they
get older.
C. Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time.
D. Participants are presented with a novel task, and researchers follow their mastery ov
14. Alfred Binet defined intelligence as
A. good judgment, planning, and critical reflection.
B. recall, reflection, and communication.
C. emotional, social, and cognitive awareness.
D. reaction time and sensitivity to physical stimuli.
15. British philosopher John Locke viewed the child as
A. an active, purposeful being.
B. tainted by original sin.
C. a noble savage.
D. a tabula rasa.
16. Dynamic systems theorists emphasize that
A. children are driven mainly by instincts and unconscious motives.
B. different children master the same skills in unique ways.
C. development can be best understood in terms of its adaptive value.
D. sensitive periods are key to understanding development.
17. In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, interactions between a
father and his child occur in the
A. macrosystem.
B. mesosystem.
C. microsystem.
D. exosystem.
18. A good theory does which of the following?
A. It is incapable of being influenced by the cultural values or beliefs of its time.
B. It provides an ultimate truth.
C. It describes, explains, and predicts behavior.
D. It is free from needing to be scientifically verified.
19. Research on the importance of early experiences for children’s
intellectual development played a major role in the founding of
A. the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
B. the Children’s Defense Fund.
C. the National Association for the Education of Young Children.
D. Project Head Start.
20. According to _______, children move through a series of
stages in which they confront conflicts between biological
drives and social expectations.
A. social learning theory
B. the behaviorist perspective
C. the psychoanalytic perspective
D. ecological systems theory
…
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