Expert answer:The issue analysis process
Answer & Explanation:Strategic Planning Workbook.Winchell.pdf Summarize Chapter 3. Highlight key points of most interest or impact to you. As a second part of this assignment, complete the exercises at the end of the chapter and discuss how this involves personal change for you, and summarize or include your responses here.As a resource view this video.Overview video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fx4_gc4nnlo&list=PL80C043F98EDD6603&index=4 (Links to an external site.)
strategic_planning_workbook.winchell.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
STRATEGIC PLANNING
AND PUBLIC POLICY
ANALYSIS WORKBOOK
Dick G. Winchell FAICP, PhD
Professor and Chair, Department of
Planning and Public Administration
Eastern Washington University
9.19.2015
1
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
STRATEGIC PLANNING WORKSHOP OVERVIEW
Strategic Planning is a process to effectively direct government and business activities through
critical problem solving. Strategic Planning is an effective means of dealing with policy and planning
issues that face communities, and for creating an overall plan and structure for a program or office based
upon critical needs and issues.
There are three critical components of strategic planning:
1) problem solving, which this workbook emphasizes through Issue Analysis;
2) management, which will be presented around Mission by Objectives for Results
(MBOR) techniques; and
3) team building, which will be stressed through group projects during the workshop.
The as one of a number of essential tools for strategic planning, the central component of this
workshop/class is Issue Analysis, the “decision-making” process used in strategic planning.
We will pursue all three components of Strategic Planning over the class. This workbook covers
materials from the first day’s activities and is a work guide for you to document your sessions.
Strategic Planning often begins with a SWOT analysis to create common understanding of key
issues through discussions. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. We will
conduct a group SWOT analysis of one or more key issues, and ask that you guide a SWOT process in a
group. The purpose is to share and gain common insights through the group exercises, and to establish the
basis for strategic planning for strategic planning.
The next activity is Issue Analysis, a technique for studying and resolving complicated problems.
It is very effective for government, and has been used by tribal and city government organizations as a
management tool, and by non-profit organizations and businesses.
Issue Analysis can do many things. It can be used to help make simple and complex decisions, or
to organize an entire office or division. We will use it on the first afternoon to identify what the most
important tourist development project should be examined first.
Issue Analysis is a very practical management tool which is simple to learn and use, yet very
powerful. It is effective for presentations and organizing complex issues into action solutions. It relates
directly to the needs of every government employee, board member, or concerned citizen to make the best
decisions and create the best programs and services for your community. It should allow you to determine
a direction or several clear options for transportation development.
Incorporated in this process will be to establish the basic data in transportation assessment. What
is the current level of transportation activity? What are the visitor travel patterns and characteristics in the
area? What are the current impacts of transportation on the tribe? What current tribal transportation
activities are being carried out.
These are defined as part of the Policy Making Environment and
underlying and related issues.
2
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
The Issue Analysis Exercise will identify a range of alternatives and recommend one or more
alternatives for action as part of implementation or research design and cycles of follow-up analysis. As
strategic planning programs are developed, management techniques, the another core process/tool of
Strategic Planning, will be used to develop the program mission, goals and objectives, work program, and
budget.
The Strategic Plan for any organization uses a wide range of tools and techniques for gather ing
information, analysis, and development of strategies for change. The results are a written “Strategic Plan”
that summarizes key activities to the documentation of the process starting with the SWOT Analysis, the
Inventory of Existing Conditions and Issue Analysis. Many of the activities of strategic planning are
completed in groups, and all strategy development is part of group processes that mean team building for
staff, and organizational and broader community building.
The two weekend class sessions will be
organized as a strategic planning workshop around “working sessions,” and your participation will lead to
key components that you will apply to organizations or develop as examples of these strategic planning
techniques.
Strategic Planning offers a wide range of activities and processes that in combination can create great
positive change for organizations and the people that work in them and are served by them. I hope you will
learn these techniques and how they are applied. Many students have used them after the first day of class
in their own jobs or working with students to have the comfort of effective strategic planning efforts. There
will be additional assignments and lectures on-line so you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of
more tools and how they fit together into a strategic plan.
3
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
BACKGROUND
Strategic Planning means different things to different people. It involves the borrowing of techniques from
management and business, and applying them to governments and non-profit organizations. For some,
strategic planning is synonymous with long-range planning (Pfeiffer, Goodstein and Nolan 1986, p.1). For
others (Sorkin, Ferris and Hudak 1986, p.1) it is a process or specific methodology that exhibits the
following characteristics:
1)
It is a focused process that concentrates on selected issues.
2)
It explicitly considers resource availability.
3)
It assesses strengths and weaknesses.
4)
It considers major events and changes occurring outside the organization or jurisdiction.
5)
It is action oriented.
Bryson and Roering (1986) have also described the range of approaches to public sector strategic planning.
My own experience with strategic planning came as a long range or comprehensive planner, my
exploration of budgeting, public finance, policy analysis, and the broader application of planning
techniques to government. In 1979 I began work with Arizona State University’s Center for Public Affairs
as director of their Native American Public Administration (NAPAP) Master of Public Administration
(MPA) program. At that time, working with consultants from the New School for Social Research in New
York City, public administrators, and tribal employees of the Navajo Nation, I learned and participated in
the application of a process of strategic planning called Issue Analysis. The Issue Analysis portion of this
workbook comes from that effort.
The Navajo Nation is the size of West Virginia, with 150,000 residents and an annual combined tribal and
federal government programs’ budget of over $600,000,000. The application of strategic planning, begun
in 1977, and still ongoing at key levels, was an important experiment in public administration. Using a
“state of the art” strategic planning process created by public administrators at the New School for Social
Research, New York City, and in conjunction with a similar experiment in management being implemented
by New York City, Issue Analysis was instituted as the major policy analysis technique in a total
restructuring of government organization, services, budgeting and finance.
Since 1979 I have conducted workshops on Issue Analysis and Strategic Planning for the Navajo Nation,
and for a broad range of government organizations, non-profit organizations, and citizens’ groups. Issue
4
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
Analysis offers a very positive approach to government organization and operation. It is a simple process
which is action oriented. It can be used or begun by staff, advisory boards, or program directors simply by
applying the process to selected issues. It has direct application to any type of issue including land use
planning and personal time management. Its continued application to critical issues and to the overall
organization and management of an office will create a strategic planning program.
I hope you will enjoy the workshop/seminar, and am sure you will find it a tremendously valuable tool in
your profession.
Dick G. Winchell, Chair
Department of Planning & Public Administration
Eastern Washington University
668 N. Riverpoint Blvd., Suite A
Spokane, WA 99202
509-828-1205
5
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
CHAPTER 1. SWOT ANALYSIS OF TRIBAL ISSUES.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Many strategic planning efforts start with a team building exercise to identify and build on the knowledge
of community residents and staff. The SWOT exercise will follow the introduction of participants and
guests. Those present will be divided into groups of 4-6 people, and each group will conduct a team
SWOT assignment.
Before the team effort, however, each individual will fill out the SWOT analysis from their perspective,
and those will be collected and documented to preserve the range of ideas at the beginning of the process
from each participant.
SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats. Some strategic planning exercise use
“prouds” and “sorry’s” as an alternative to SWOT to describe the community. We will use the more
detailed SWOT analysis.
The SWOT analysis will focus on the organization as a whole, and its activities, defined very broadly.
Please think about your organization and community. Then identify the five strengths you see in the
community in general and for transportation specifically, and rank them in order of importance. Use the
sheet on the next page as a guide. It is often good to complete several SWOT exercises related to the
organization with different groups to again broaden the range of perspectives and ideas.
Next, identify the things you identify as weaknesses or problems within the community. What is the
relation of the organization to these activities. If your strategic plan is for an organization or business, you
may want to focus on that specific business, but always with some broader inclusion of clients or
community. What has been tried that has not worked? What detracts from the community or causes
problems.
Third, identify the opportunities you see for development and change. What could possibly be developed,
what educational or training programs established, or other activities or efforts undertaken.
6
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
Finally, what threats can you identify for transportation development efforts. These may come from
outside the reservation, community, organization or from inside.
Copy the sheet on the following page, and have one sheet available for every participant in the SWOT
exercise. We start with individual ideas on each category, but then form groups to discuss and develop
consensus around key topics under each category. If there are a large number of participants, the first
“group SWOT” should not exceed 7 participants, but with multiple groups. Each group can present their
SWOT findings, but then each group participates in a session of all present to develop consensus around
the key ideas in each category for all participants.
7
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
SWOT ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL WORKSHEET
STRENGTHS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
WEAKNESSES
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
OPPORTUNITIES (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
THREATS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
8
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
SWOT SMALL GROUP PROCESS
The individual SWOT analysis worksheets will form the basis of a group SWOT exercise. Each group
should have 4-7 participants randomly selected (number off or use seating). Each group should first
identify each participant by giving your name and interest in transportation. Then each person is asked to
introduce themselves and read their SWOT analysis list, starting with strengths. Each participant reads
their list of strengths while everyone else listens and a recorder is identified to take notes and report your
SWOT to the other grups. A discussion follows in which each group develops a group list of 5 to 7
Strengths. Everyone in the group should participate, and everyone in the group must agree on the Strengths
listed on the group worksheet. One person from each group should be identified as the recorder, and write
the group list on large paper. The recorder or another member of the group will later make a report to
everyone at the workshop on these Strengths.
The same process is used to identify Group Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Lists of 5 to 7 of each
are produced by each group, and written on large paper. This team building exercise should include
discussion of SWOT items to select the ones most important to all members of the group.
After this group exercise is completed (use worksheet on the following page to record your group results), a
presentation is made from each group’s list. These are presented to everyone at the workshop, Strengths
first. Once each group has presented its strengths, the conference facilitators will compile a list of key
strengths. This process is repeated for Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. The facilitators will
compile the final SWOT Analysis as the starting point for Transportaton development (Worksheet is
attached).
9
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
SWOT ANALYSIS SMALL GROUP WORKSHEET
STRENGTHS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
WEAKNESSES
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
OPPORTUNITIES (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
THREATS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
GROUP MEMBERS (LIST NAMES)
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________
10
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
SWOT ANALYSIS FULL WORKSHOP, ALL PARTICIPANT WORKSHEET
STRENGTHS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
WEAKNESSES (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
OPPORTUNITIES (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
THREATS (LIST 5)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
KEY PARTICIPANTS (LIST NAMES)
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________
11
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONDITIONS/DEVELOPMENT OF
STRATEGIES.
Once the SWOT analysis has been complete, a more detailed inventory and analysis of existing conditions
will take place. This can include background research to provide:
1) an overview of the current conditions and activities;
2) An overview of current actions and impacts;
3) Review of current changes and their expected outcomes.
It is possible to move directly into development of strategies. This is a continuation of the group process,
using the Whole Group’s selection of priorities. Each group reviews the final list under each category—
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. As a group discuss and identify the top priority for your
group, and rank the other conditions in rank order. For each top ranking item, shift to consideration of
strategies. Have each person in the group identify strategies based on actions that will address the issue.
Under strengths, how can you maintain and increase the impact of this strength. For weaknesses how can
you address or overcome those weaknesses with action (and list the actions or strategies). For opportunities
again discuss strategies for action to maximize and take advantage of opportunities. For Threats, identify
strategies to address or overcome that threat.
This is a very simple first step in moving from no clear community or group understanding of issues to a
listing of key issues of the group and all participants, tied to actions for positive change.
This should conclude the morning session. After the break, the focus will be on the Issue Analysis
decision-making process in Chapters 2 and 3.
12
Strategic Planning and Public Policy Analysis Workbook
Winchell, Fall, 2015
CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION TO ISSUE ANALYSIS
The most important responsibility of government is to solve problems. The resolution of problems
or issues is not a simple task, however, and often requires extensive research and collection of data.
Especially for governments and non-profit organizations, issues are often complex, interrelated with other
problems, and involve many groups of people.
The recent introduction of management science brought a number of misconceptions about our
ability to solve problems. One of those is “the more information, the better.” This is simply not the case
unless that information is well organized. As managers and board members have discovered on their own,
the more information that is gathered on a topic, the more difficult it becomes to make decisions unless
organization of that data is stressed. Part of the success of Strategic Planning is that it offers organizational
structures to frame data around decision-making.
After seeing this problem with many governmental and business agencies, a number of social
scientists tried to develop a new way of solving problems. This new way would still generate new
information, but it would use that information directly in making decisions, instead of leaving it in the form
of large reports that few people would read. This new system of decision-making was called Issue
Analysis. It is the technique that will be presented in the weekend class sessions as a workshop.
Issue Analysis was developed at the Department of Urban Affairs and Policy Analysis, Center for
New York City Affairs, the New School for Social Research. The basis of this workbook comes from the
document “A General Schema for Issue Analysis” (1974) that was produced by the New School for Social
Research. My initial application of the process came from the application of this Schema to the Navajo
Nation government made by the tribe’s Office of Management and Budget in the 1980’s, and b …
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
How it works
- Paste your instructions in the instructions box. You can also attach an instructions file
- Select the writer category, deadline, education level and review the instructions
- Make a payment for the order to be assignment to a writer
- Download the paper after the writer uploads it
Will the writer plagiarize my essay?
You will get a plagiarism-free paper and you can get an originality report upon request.
Is this service safe?
All the personal information is confidential and we have 100% safe payment methods. We also guarantee good grades