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STEP I
Title of Article/Issue:
A.
List the relevant facts. State facts in complete sentences. (List more
than five facts.) At the end of your list, cite reference from your
source(s).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Reference:
B.
What ethics/values are in question from the above facts? (List more
than three facts.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
List the stakeholders involved. List the individuals/groups who are/may
be affected by this issue and how. Be specific.
Page
1
Who are affected/Who may affected? How are they affected by the
dilemma/OR could be affected?
STEP II
A.
Write several statements or questions that are ethical dilemmas from this
situation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What is the ethical dilemma to be resolved NOW? State it using the form:
Should someone do or not do something? Keep this statement simple. For
example: Should people buy pirated software? NOT Should people buy pirated
software even though they cannot afford the price of proprietary software?
2
YOUR MAJOR ETHICAL DILEMMA QUESTION IS:
Page
B.
STEP III
UTILITARIAN THEORY- Good for the group, least harm for the group
Major ethical dilemma question
If you
answered the
ethical
dilemma…
Harmed-State
how each
stakeholder is
harmed.
Not HarmedState how each
stakeholder is
not harmed.
BenefitedState how
each
stakeholder is
benefited.
Not BenefitedState how each
stakeholder is
not benefited.
Yes
No
Interpretation of the above analysis:
1.
Which alternative results in the least harm in answering the dilemma yes or no? Why?
(There is no right or wrong choice. Interpret the outcome of the analysis.) For
example: The answer to the question that would result in the least harm would be….
Because answering ……
2.
Which alternative results in the maximum benefit in answering the dilemma yes or no?
(There is no right or wrong choice. Interpret the outcome of the analysis.) For
example: The answer to the question that would result in the maximum benefit would
be…. Because answering ……
Conclusion of analysis: (The results from #1 and #2.)
3
Therefore, based on the above analysis, the utilitarian’s position on this dilemma
would be…..
Page
3.
STEP III
DEONTOLOGY THEORY-Rights Violated/Duties Neglected
Major ethical dilemma question
If you answered the
ethical dilemma…
Rights Violated or
Abridged-State how
each stakeholder’s
rights were violated.
Duties or
Responsibilities
Neglected/Not MetState how this/these
stakeholder(s) violated
the other stakeholder(s)
rights.
Yes
No
Interpretation of the above analysis:
In deontology analysis, do the following in the above chart:
1. Identify which stakeholders’ rights have been or may be violated/abridged.
2. Identify what duties have been or may be neglected.
3. Remember: When listing a right, show its corresponding duty and vice versa.
Page
4
Final outcome of interpretation: How would you interpret the outcome of the
deontologist’s position on your dilemma?
STEP III
KANT’S CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE – Respect and Consistency
• The principle of consistency: What if everyone acted this way?
• The principle of respect: Are people treated as ends rather than means?
Major ethical dilemma question
If you
answered the
ethical
dilemma…
Yes
Would
anyone be
treated with
Disrespect?
Would
anyone be
treated
Differently?
Would there
be any
Benefit to
anyone?
No
Interpretation of the above outcome:
1. If a stakeholder is being treated differently, they are also being treated
disrespectfully
2. If identified stakeholder is a criminal or participating criminal behavior,
they cannot be treated disrespectfully.
Final outcome of above analysis:
Page
5
Which alternative is preferable? What would be Kant’s position to your
dilemma?
STEP III
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY- Negative and Positive Rights
Major ethical dilemma question
If you answered
the ethical
dilemma…
Negative Rights –
Identify each
stakeholder’s
negative rights (If
applicable)
Describe each
negative right as per
each stakeholder
Identify each
stakeholder who is
or maybe
responsible to
meet each negative
right
Positive Rights
–Identify each
stakeholder’s
positive rights
(If applicable)
Identify each
stakeholder
who is or may
responsible to
meet each
positive right
Describe each
negative right
as per each
stakeholder
Yes
No
Interpretation of above analysis:
1. Does the ethical question results in negative rights being identified? Yes or
No? How?
2. Does the ethical question results in positive rights being identified? Yes or
No? How?
Final outcome of analysis:
Page
6
Is the social contract theory applicable to your ethical question? How? Why?
STEP III
VIRTUE ETHICS THEORY- Morality through Character
Major ethical dilemma question
If you
answered the
ethical
dilemma…
Would any
stakeholder
be acting in
virtue? Who?
How?
Would any
stakeholder
not be acting
in virtue?
Who? How?
Yes
No
Interpretation of above analysis:
1. Does answering the ethical question ‘yes’ results in a virtuous action by a
stakeholder? If that is the case, list the stakeholder and state how their
actions are virtuous.
2. Does answering the ethical question ‘no’ results in a virtuous action by a
stakeholder? If that is the case, list the stakeholder and state how their
actions are virtuous.
Final outcome of analysis:
Page
7
3. Explain the results (yes or no) to the ethical dilemma question that
identifies stakeholders acting virtuous in this issue/situation.
STEP IV
A. Based on the analysis in Step III, choose which theory best applies to this situation. Add any
arguments justifying your choice of these ethical principles to support your decision.
Consequentialism (Utilitarian) Theory
Deontology Theory
Kant’s Categorical Imperative Principle
Social Contract Theory
Virtue Ethics Theory
(Name the theory here):
B. Explain your choice above: THIS AREA SHOULD BE 4 OR MORE SENTENCES.
C. Your decision: What would you do? Why? List the specific steps needed to implement your
defensible ethical decision. THIS AREA SHOULD BE 2 OR MORE PARAGRAPHS.
Page
8
D. What longer-term changes (i.e., political, legal, technical, societal, organizational) would help
prevent your defined dilemma in the future? THIS AREA SHOULD BE 2 OR MORE PARAGRAPHS.
…
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