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Answer & Explanation:Study guide unit 2.pdfThe unit has 16 key components in building a safety culture on a construction worksite. Which two would you consider the most important? Why? How would you implement them on your worksite?
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UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Safety and Health Programs
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 4:
Safety and Health
Programs, pp. 29-36
Chapter 5:
Job Hazard Analysis,
pp. 37-41
Chapter 6:
Safety and Health
Training, pp. 43-50
Chapter 12:
Safety Management
Systems, pp. 179-183
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Describe occupational safety and health related regulatory practices in the
U.S. as they apply to the construction industry.
4. Apply the principles of risk assessment and hazard analysis as they relate to
evaluating construction hazards.
6. Apply appropriate management tools necessary for successful development
and implementation of occupational safety and health related efforts.
7. Apply appropriate tools necessary to influence management decision making
in support of occupational safety and health related efforts.
Unit Lesson
Suggested Reading
See information below.
(Almeida, n.d.)
The responsibility for safety is now a federal law we know as the Occupational Safety
and Health Act. In the past, many employers would only invest in a safety program if it
was found to be cost effective. Companies would contractually transfer risk to
subcontractors, and place blame on the employee’s union or the employees
themselves. They would even build in the cost of accidents and fatalities in the bidding
process, accepting the lost cost. Today, OSHA places that responsibility on the
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employer. The employer must develop and implement a program that will provide a
safe place of employment.
There are numerous resources for developing a safety program on a construction site.
OSHA has guidelines for the general development of a construction site safety
program to specific programs such as fall protection, scaffolds, respiratory protection,
steel erection, and ergonomics. The OSHA e-tool has many guides for developing
customized programs. Some other resources are the OSHA approved state programs
with some on-site consultation programs. A recent comprehensive resource for
program development from the American National Standards Institute is ANSI Z.10
Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems standard (OHSMS). This is a
voluntary standard that provides a blueprint of proven aspects of a safety program.
You will find in this document five basic elements:
Management Leadership and Employee Participation
Planning
Implementation and Operation
Evaluation and Corrective Action
The course textbook exhibits a guide to the key elements of a construction safety
program from California’s OSHA program. It is very similar to the Federal OSHA
primary elements:
Management Commitment and Employee Involvement
Worksite Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Safety and Health Training
Safety management systems are proactive methods to effectively utilize resources for
risk reduction or elimination to secure assets. Assets include people, materials, and
anything of value to a business. In terms of safety, people are the most valued asset.
When we develop a safety management system for a construction site, reduction or
elimination of risk to people will be the first step of the program. A proactive method
for program effectiveness is to build a culture of safety.
The OSHA Voluntary Protection Program process has shown us that a company with
a strong safety culture will have the greatest impact on accident reduction (Johnson,
2013). A company’s culture would be the beliefs, attitudes, and character of the
organization. The textbook, and many other publications, with tell you that building a
safety culture is a long process. Many construction sites are projects with an
abbreviated timeline, many less than two years. How can you build a culture in such a
short time?
The key for success in building a safety culture, regardless of any timeline, is
management support. Active, focused, exhibitive support from the top executive to the
craft foreman is paramount. This management support must be exhibited at every
opportunity. The company leadership must “talk it and walk it” for every worksite,
every time. To be focused means to have no tolerance for any and all accidents of any
kind, to not accept the status quo, but continually improve the work environment to be
a safe place of employment. Bringing all levels of the project together with a common
high value goal will have a strong effect on building the culture.
Training employees in construction is not an easy task, but can be effective if quality
can be maintained under a short timeline. Many times, employees will have never
worked for a company before and are clueless about any safety culture. Again, how
can you be effective in this type of environment? Adhere to the basic principles:
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Determine the need for training.
Identify those needs.
Identify goals and objectives.
Develop learning activities.
Conduct the training.
After you have established the training program, then it is necessary to evaluate
effectiveness with measurable results and have continuous improvement. There are
many methods to measure this including opinions, observations, and improvements in
the workplace. Some methods include having the participants complete a
questionnaire, supervisors observe any changes in employee performance, or a
reduction in injuries and accidents. If the training has not accomplished the desired
results, then it will be necessary to improve the training program.
OSHA also has resources in training available with their outreach program. Currently,
there are two valuable training programs available from the outreach program, the
OSHA 10 hr. and OSHA 30 hr. Several state programs will require employers to train
their employees in one or both of these training programs.
Another great tool for construction projects for all areas of a safety program are the
frequent Tool Box Talks. Tool Box Talks are regular safety meetings given at the craft
level on a regular basis. Given by the foreman or supervisor with enhanced
management accountability, they help build the safety culture, provide employee
participation, and even help determine corrective opportunities for hazards identified.
Safety program, plans, and policy tools for success are contained in this lesson. The
knowledge and application of these tools will provide a basic understanding of how to
influence a safe place of employment for all.
References
Almeida, A. (n.d.). Safety cartoons. Retrieved from
http://www.almeidacartoons.com/Safe_toons1.html
Johnson, D. (2013). DeWALT construction safety and OSHA handbook. Clifton Park,
NY: Delmar.
Suggested Reading
You are encouraged to explore the OSHA website.
https://www.osha.gov/
United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Construction industry. Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/doc/index.html
United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Training and outreach materials. Retrieved
from https://www.osha.gov/doc/training.html
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