Expert answer:Need English help with ENG 315 Professional Commun
Answer & Explanation:”Business, Interpersonal, and Group Communication and Interference” Please respond to the following:Communicating in the workplace provides us with opportunities to both listen and express ourselves effectively or ineffectively. As the the video titled “A Failure to Communicate” (2 min 28 s) located at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ox5LhIJSBE demonstrates, it only takes a few seconds to initiate a communication breakdown. From the e-Activity, discuss the major interferences that can cause workplace miscommunications. Consider topics from your readings this week, including ethnocentrism, kinesic messages, and role perceptions.Describe a situation where you personally experienced (or became aware of) communication interferences that had a negative consequence.eng_315_w1_c2.ppteng_315_w1_c2_3.ppteng315_w2_c3.ppt
eng_315_w1_c2.ppt
eng_315_w1_c2_3.ppt
eng315_w2_c3.ppt
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Professional Communications
ENG 315
Communication Styles and
Interpersonal Communication
Objectives
•
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be
able to:
–
–
–
–
Analyze verbal and nonverbal techniques that enhance
oral communication within a business and/or
professional context
Assess strengths and weaknesses in the student’s own
oral communication and in the oral communication of
others
Use sentence variety, effective word choice, and correct
grammar in oral communication
Develop written pieces to match the characteristics of
audience within a business and/or professional context
Communication and the Self
•
Self concept
– Involves a subjective description of one’s
own self
– Develops with self communication and
communication with others
– Develops with reflection
– Includes self esteem
The Six Person Model
•
Six people factor into a two-person
communication:
–
–
–
–
–
How you view yourself
How you view the other person
How you believe the other person views you
How the other person views you
How the other person believes you view him
or her
Six Person Model and
Intrapersonal Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self fulfilling prophecy
Self awareness
Intrapersonal communication
Intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
Emotional intelligence
–
–
–
–
–
Self awareness
Self management
Self motivation
Empathy
Social skills
Impression Management
•
Impression management:
– Control or lack of control of communication
through a performance
– Acting or presenting oneself in a specific
way
High and Low Self-monitors
•
•
High self-monitors control their
impression management
Low self-monitors do not control their
impression management
Anticipatory Socialization
•
Anticipatory socialization is:
– A demonstration of communication
expectations
– Influenced by communication courses
– Developed over time
– Nurtured with ethics, etiquette, and
professionalism
Communication Styles or
Modes
•
Three communication styles include:
– Avoiding style
– Aggressive style
– Assertive style
• Includes good listening
Six Steps to Assertive
Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
Describe how you view the situation
Disclose your feelings
Identify effects
Wait for a response
Paraphrase the other’s response
Ask for, or suggest, a solution
Forms of Interpersonal
Influence
•
Forms of interpersonal influence include:
–
–
–
–
–
Compliance-gaining
Compliance-resisting
Interpersonal dominance
Rational explanation
Advocacy
Six Steps to Successful
Advocacy
•
The six steps to successful advocacy
include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Planning
Determining why the boss should care
Tailoring the argument
Assessing the prior technical knowledge
Building coalitions
Honing communication skills
Check Your Understanding
Nonverbal Communication
•
•
Communications without words
Includes metacommunication and kinesic
messages
– Metacommunication accompanies a verbal
message
– Kinesic messages are relayed through
nonverbal behavior
Understanding Nonverbal
Messages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cannot be avoided
May have different meanings for different people
Vary between cultures and genders
May be intentional or unintentional
Can contradict the accompanying verbal
message
May receive more attention than the verbal
message
Provide clues about sender and are influenced
by the circumstances
May be beneficial or harmful
Nonverbal Communication
between Cultures
•
•
Nonverbal communication varies
between cultures.
An example includes:
– Eye contact is preferred in North American
business culture and avoided in Japan
Nonverbal Communication
between Genders
•
•
Gender influences communication styles
Examples include:
– Women are quieter in meetings
– Men will raise their voices more often
Listening as a
Communication Skill
•
Listening:
– Is an important, interactive process
– Provides benefits:
•
•
•
•
•
Learning
Being more well liked
Enjoying one’s job
Creativity
Preventing confusion
Listening for a Specific
Purpose
•
Purposes of listening include:
–
–
–
–
Interacting socially
Receiving information
Problem solving
Sharing feelings with others
Casual Listening
•
•
•
•
Is motivated by enjoyment purposes
Provides breaks from serious tasks
Demonstrates that people can listen to
different conversations
Doesn’t require much effort
Listening for Information
•
•
•
Involves extracting specific material from
a speaker
Often uses an outline
Filters fact from fiction and varying levels
of importance
Intensive Listening
•
•
•
Involves obtaining information, solving
problems, persuading, or dissuading
Requires an understanding of the
problem
Requires a capability to summarize and
link ideas
Empathetic Listening
•
•
•
Requires listening with an open and
nonjudgmental mind
Often involves listening to an emotional
topic
Necessitates sensitivity, friendship, and
trust
Poor Listening Habits
•
Poor listening habits include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Faking Attention
Allowing disruptions to occur
Overlistening
Stereotyping
Dismissing subjects as uninteresting
Failing to observe nonverbal aids
Summary
•
•
•
•
•
Communication styles
Self concept and six person model
Non verbal communication
Listening styles
Listening skills
Professional Communications
ENG 315
Communication Styles and
Interpersonal Communication
Objectives
•
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be
able to:
–
–
–
–
Analyze verbal and nonverbal techniques that enhance
oral communication within a business and/or
professional context
Assess strengths and weaknesses in the student’s own
oral communication and in the oral communication of
others
Use sentence variety, effective word choice, and correct
grammar in oral communication
Develop written pieces to match the characteristics of
audience within a business and/or professional context
Communication and the Self
•
Self concept
– Involves a subjective description of one’s
own self
– Develops with self communication and
communication with others
– Develops with reflection
– Includes self esteem
The Six Person Model
•
Six people factor into a two-person
communication:
–
–
–
–
–
How you view yourself
How you view the other person
How you believe the other person views you
How the other person views you
How the other person believes you view him
or her
Six Person Model and
Intrapersonal Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self fulfilling prophecy
Self awareness
Intrapersonal communication
Intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
Emotional intelligence
–
–
–
–
–
Self awareness
Self management
Self motivation
Empathy
Social skills
Impression Management
•
Impression management:
– Control or lack of control of communication
through a performance
– Acting or presenting oneself in a specific
way
High and Low Self-monitors
•
•
High self-monitors control their
impression management
Low self-monitors do not control their
impression management
Anticipatory Socialization
•
Anticipatory socialization is:
– A demonstration of communication
expectations
– Influenced by communication courses
– Developed over time
– Nurtured with ethics, etiquette, and
professionalism
Communication Styles or
Modes
•
Three communication styles include:
– Avoiding style
– Aggressive style
– Assertive style
• Includes good listening
Six Steps to Assertive
Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
Describe how you view the situation
Disclose your feelings
Identify effects
Wait for a response
Paraphrase the other’s response
Ask for, or suggest, a solution
Forms of Interpersonal
Influence
•
Forms of interpersonal influence include:
–
–
–
–
–
Compliance-gaining
Compliance-resisting
Interpersonal dominance
Rational explanation
Advocacy
Six Steps to Successful
Advocacy
•
The six steps to successful advocacy
include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Planning
Determining why the boss should care
Tailoring the argument
Assessing the prior technical knowledge
Building coalitions
Honing communication skills
Check Your Understanding
Nonverbal Communication
•
•
Communications without words
Includes metacommunication and kinesic
messages
– Metacommunication accompanies a verbal
message
– Kinesic messages are relayed through
nonverbal behavior
Understanding Nonverbal
Messages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cannot be avoided
May have different meanings for different people
Vary between cultures and genders
May be intentional or unintentional
Can contradict the accompanying verbal
message
May receive more attention than the verbal
message
Provide clues about sender and are influenced
by the circumstances
May be beneficial or harmful
Nonverbal Communication
between Cultures
•
•
Nonverbal communication varies
between cultures.
An example includes:
– Eye contact is preferred in North American
business culture and avoided in Japan
Nonverbal Communication
between Genders
•
•
Gender influences communication styles
Examples include:
– Women are quieter in meetings
– Men will raise their voices more often
Listening as a
Communication Skill
•
Listening:
– Is an important, interactive process
– Provides benefits:
•
•
•
•
•
Learning
Being more well liked
Enjoying one’s job
Creativity
Preventing confusion
Listening for a Specific
Purpose
•
Purposes of listening include:
–
–
–
–
Interacting socially
Receiving information
Problem solving
Sharing feelings with others
Casual Listening
•
•
•
•
Is motivated by enjoyment purposes
Provides breaks from serious tasks
Demonstrates that people can listen to
different conversations
Doesn’t require much effort
Listening for Information
•
•
•
Involves extracting specific material from
a speaker
Often uses an outline
Filters fact from fiction and varying levels
of importance
Intensive Listening
•
•
•
Involves obtaining information, solving
problems, persuading, or dissuading
Requires an understanding of the
problem
Requires a capability to summarize and
link ideas
Empathetic Listening
•
•
•
Requires listening with an open and
nonjudgmental mind
Often involves listening to an emotional
topic
Necessitates sensitivity, friendship, and
trust
Poor Listening Habits
•
Poor listening habits include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Faking Attention
Allowing disruptions to occur
Overlistening
Stereotyping
Dismissing subjects as uninteresting
Failing to observe nonverbal aids
Summary
•
•
•
•
•
Communication styles
Self concept and six person model
Non verbal communication
Listening styles
Listening skills
Professional Communication
ENG 315
Group Communication
Objectives
•
Upon completion of this lesson, you will
be able to:
– Analyze verbal and nonverbal techniques
that enhance oral communication within a
business and/or professional context
– Assess strengths and weaknesses in the
student’s own oral communication and in the
oral communication of others
Flat Organizational
Structures
•
Organizations reorganize jobs into teams
to:
–
–
–
–
–
Reduce positions and costs
Lessen the presence of a hierarchy
Minimize the importance of individual status
Encourage collaboration
Implement a win/win philosophy
Characteristics of Effective
Groups
•
Effective groups contain:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Common goals
Role perceptions
Longevity
Appropriate size for a task
Balanced status among members
Group norms
Leadership
Group roles
Positive and Negative
Group Roles
•
Positive roles:
–
–
–
–
–
Facilitator
Harmonizer
Record Keeper
Reporter
Leader
•
Negative roles:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Isolate
Dominator
Free rider
Digresser
Airhead
Socializer
Groups and Teams
•
•
•
A group is a collection of people
A team is a collection of committed
people
Types of teams include:
–
–
–
–
–
Task force
Quality assurance team (quality circle)
Cross functional team
Product development team
Virtual team
Four Stages of Team
Development
•
Four stages of team development:
–
–
–
–
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Check Your Understanding
Group Decision Making
•
Stages of group decision:
–
–
–
–
Orientation
Discussion
Decision
Implementation
Challenges and Limitations
of Group Work
•
Challenges or limitations of group work:
– Oversampling
– Poor communication
– Members taking on too many tasks for
effectiveness
– Making riskier decisions
Group Conflict
•
Three types of group conflict:
– Personal
– Substantive
– Procedural
•
Dynamics that affect groups:
– Competitive orientation
– Social dilemmas
– Fundamental attribution error
Conflict Resolution
•
Forms of conflict resolution:
–
–
–
–
–
Collaboration
Avoidance
Competition
Compromise
Accommodation
Groupthink
•
•
In groupthink, members agree with one or
two members without question
Eight ways to avoid groupthink:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Encourage participation and objections
Take impartial stances without personal motives
Create more than one group for analysis
Designate a devil’s advocate
Discuss issue with outsiders
Invite an expert to speak
Create subgroups that report back
Hold a follow-up meeting
Meeting Management
•
•
Organizers should question the need for
a meeting
A face-to-face meeting is appropriate:
– When nonverbal cues are needed
– For new projects or teambuilding
– To gain consensus
•
An electronic meeting has limitations:
– Technological complications
– Lack of nonverbal cues
Suggestions for Effective
Meetings
•
Effective meetings include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Limited meeting length and frequency
Satisfactory pre-arrangements
A meeting agenda
Encouraged participation
Order between attendees
Managed conflict
A consensus
Meeting minutes as a follow-up
Check Your Understanding
Benefits of Meetings
•
Benefits of meetings:
– Exchange of ideas
– Opportunity to convey impressions of power
or status
– The advancement of one’s career
Summary
•
•
•
Groups and teams
Group decision making and group
conflict
Groupthink
…
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