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ORIGINAL QUESTION
Prenatal development:
1. Teratogens affect prenatal development differently according to the specific prenatal
stage during which the teratogen is ingested. Define a teratogen and then choose either
the embryonic period or the fetal period and describe the effect a teratogen may have
during that period.
2. What are some issues associated with premature infants? Justify your response with
academic literature and/or research.
STUDENT 1 RESPONSE:
Owen: Genetics, Prenatal Development and Birth – Discussion
Professor Eastwood and fellow classmates,
Prenatal development has a significant bearing on the development of a person as a whole
physically and psychologically.
One factor in prenatal development is teratogens “any environmental agent that can cause
deviations in prenatal development. Consequences may range from behavioral problems to
death” (Bukatko, 2008, p.118). Teratogens affect prenatal development differently according to
the specific prenatal stage during which the teratogen is ingested.
Prescription drugs are only one of several types of teratogens that can have an effect of
the prenatal development. Such drugs as “Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which
are used to treat depression, are capable of crossing the placenta and affecting the baby. Most of
the effects in the baby are subtle, and include irritability, agitation, tremor, increased respiratory
rate, nasal congestion, or diarrhea” (Health, 2015). Even though “SSRI paroxetine is thought to
cause birth defects in early pregnancy; it is important to note that depression itself may be more
harmful than the drugs used to treat depression. The benefits of SSRIs in the treatment of
depression need to be weighed against the risks to the unborn baby” (Health, 2015).
Children born before thirty five weeks or weighting less than five and a half pounds are at
risk for several developmental issues. Many of these children are born early or underweight due
to some of the teratogens they have been exposed to during embryonic and fetal period, such as
drugs or alcohol consumption from the mother. Medical and developmental issues and delays
can include and are not limited to “Cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, and neurological difficulties
that include hemorrhaging associated with regions of the brain, respiratory difficulties, and eye
disorders” (Bukatko, 2008, p.140).
In conclusion there are many factors that can affect the prenatal development of a child,
with many being avoidable such as not smoking, drinking, and limiting the intake of medications
during this time. Fetal development can also be slowed due to early birth, resulting in
developmental and medical issues.
STUDENT 2 RESPONSE:
A teratogen is an environmental agent that cause disruptions in normal development during the
prenatal period. (Bukatko, 2008) Different teratogens and different stages of development can
impact the effect a teratogen may have on the unborn or even the effects after a baby is born.
During the fetal period, if a fetus is exposed to syphilis the effects could be mental retardation,
slow intrauterine growth or even death. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is also
transferred to a developing fetus. The damage from the exposure does not begin until about
eighteen weeks after conception. (Bukatko, 2008)
Some issues associated with premature infants include short term and long term
complications. Short term issues would be temperature control, breathing, heart and brain
problems. Long term issues could be things like vision problems, hearing deficits, cerebral
palsy, behavior/psychological issues, chronic health issues, and cognitive deficits. A baby born
before thirty seven weeks of its due date is considered premature. Temperature control is
significant because if the infant’s temperature is not held many other complications can
ensue. According to staff at the Mayo Clinic, it can to low blood sugars and breathing
problems. If the infant is using all its energy to try to warm up, it also will not be able to gain
weight.
…
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