Expert answer:Leadership Defined and Theories of Leadership, dis
Answer & Explanation:Leadership DefinedLeadership has been described from various perspectives and defined by different concepts. Based on the descriptions of leadership provided in this week’s lecture and readings, present a personal definition of leadership and explain why your definition is appropriate and relevant to the practice of leadership today. Provide an example of a current leader who embodies this definition. Explain how this individual is a relevant example of your personal definition of leadership.Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. Have they thoroughly defined leadership? Have they included all of the important elements relevant to the practice of leadership today? Do you agree or disagree with their personal definition of leadership?Theories of LeadershipMany schools of thought have developed throughout history that propose various theories about the source and development of leaders, how leaders are discovered, and how they can be identified. Early leadership theories focused on the qualities that distinguished leaders from followers; subsequent theories looked at other variables such as situational factors and skill levels. Evaluate the similarities and differences between two approaches or theories of leadership: the trait approach and behavioral theory; the Situational Leadership® Model and authentic leadership theory; or the transformational and transactional leadership theories. Begin by providing a brief summary of the two approaches or theories of leadership you have chosen to analyze. Then, examine the common characteristics and differences between the two approaches or theories you selected. Use a minimum of two scholarly sources to support your post. Cite your sources according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.BUS 660 WEEK 1 LECTURE IS ATTACHED!!!!bus_660_week_1_lecture.docx
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BUS 660 Week 1 Lecture
Week One Lecture
When we think of leaders in today’s world, we often think first of the big names in the news: politicians,
top-earning CEO’s, humanitarians, or sports figures. Yet there are leaders working in all organizations,
large and small. Leadership is present in the world of business and in sports, but it also around us every
day, in all facets of our lives: our families, schools, communities, churches, social clubs, and volunteer
organizations. There are qualities that make any leader effective whether one is leading a school, a
basketball team, a business, or a family.
Leadership Defined
Before we can examine what makes an effective leader, we need to know what leadership means.
Leadership has been a topic of interest to historians and philosophers since ancient times, but scientific
studies began only in the twentieth century. Scholars and other writers have offered countless
definitions of the term leadership. Burns (1978) offers that leadership is “one of the most observed and
least understood phenomena on earth” (p. 2). Bennis and Nanus (1985) emphasize this sentiment when
they state that “multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a sliver of insight but each
remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation” (p. 4). An often-cited study, and one of
the most comprehensive reviews of the leadership literature, was conducted by Stogdill (1974), who
found that “there are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are persons who have
attempted to define the concept” (p. 7). Definitions of leadership include:
“Leadership can be conceptualized as an interaction between a person and the members of a group:
One person, the leader, influences, while the other person responds” (Gordon, 1955, p. 10).
Leadership is “the initiation and maintenance of structure in expectation and interaction” (Stogdill,
1974, p. 15).
“Managers do things right. Leaders do the right thing” (Bennis & Nanus, 1985, p. 21).
Leadership “is the ability to step outside the culture … to start evolutionary change processes that are
more adaptive” (Schein, 1992, p.2).
Leadership is “the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations” (Kouzes & Posner,
1995, p. 30).
“The essence of leadership is not giving things or even providing visions. It is offering oneself and one’s
spirit” (Bolman & Deal, 1995, p. 102).
Leadership can also be defined as an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend
real-life changes in outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. As a result, leadership involves people
in a relationship, influence, change, a shared purpose, and it requires taking responsibility to make
things happen.
Most of us are aware of famous leaders, but most leadership that changes the world starts small and
may begin with personal frustrations about events that prompt people to initiate change and inspire
others to follow them. Your leadership may be expressed in the classroom, your neighborhood,
community, or volunteer organizations. Concepts of leadership, and our attempts to define it, will
continue to evolve over time.
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper and Row.
Bolman, L & Deal, T. (1995). Leading with soul. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Gordon, T. (1955). Group-centered leadership: A way of releasing the creative power of groups. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin.
Kouzes, J. & Posner, B. (1995). The leadership challenge: How to keep getting extraordinary things done
in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Schein, E.H. (1992). Organizational culture and leadership (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press.
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