Expert answer:indicators used in the index and anti-social behav
Answer & Explanation:Use the attached files to answer2a Fund
for Peace (2015). The Fragile States Index.
What are the major categories of social, economic, and political
and military indicators used in the index?
Choose one country that has worsened over the last year. Which
factors have led to a decline in stability?
Choose one country that has improved on the index. Which factors
have led to more stability?
2b Painter
(2006). The Prosaic State.
In your own words, what
does Painter mean by “the prosaic aspects of the state”?
According to Painter, why
should we avoid reifying the state?
What is considered
anti-social behavior in British law? How does the vagueness of the
definition affect its implementation?
gallaher_2010_hegemony.pdffragilestatesindex_2015.pdf
gallaher_2010_hegemony.pdf
fragilestatesindex_2015.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
FRAGILE
STATES
INDEX
2015
T H E
F U N D
F O R
P E A C E
The Fund for Peace is an independent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that works
to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable security. We promote sustainable security through research, training
and education, engagement of civil society, building bridges across diverse sectors, and developing innovative
technologies and tools for policy makers. A leader in the conflict assessment and early warning field, The Fund for Peace
focuses on the problems of weak and failing states. Our objective is to create practical tools and approaches for conflict
mitigation that are useful to decision-makers.
Copyright © 2015 The Fund for Peace.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from The Fund for Peace.
Report Edited by
J. J. Messner
Assessment Directed by
Nate Haken
Report Written by
J. J. Messner, Nate Haken, Patricia Taft, Hannah Blyth, Kendall Lawrence, Sebastian Pavlou Graham, Felipe Umaña
Assessment Supported by
Alex Young, Ania Skinner, Katie Cornelius
Circulation: PUBLIC
The Fund for Peace
1101 14th Street NW, Suite 1020
Washington, D.C. 20005
T: +1 202 223 7940
F: +1 202 223 7947
www.fundforpeace.org
Foreign Policy magazine is the media partner of
the Fragile States Index
www.foreignpolicy.com
The Fund for Peace is grateful for the support of:
www.fundforpeace.org
Fragile States Index 2015:
Overview
The Fragile States Index is an annual
The Index in Figures
ranking of 178 nations based on their levels of
Index of Country Analysis
2015 Map
4
stability and the pressures they face. The
Central African Republic
2015 Scores and Rankings
6
Index is based on The Fund for Peace’s
Cuba
35
proprietary Conflict Assessment Software Tool
2015 Scores by Indicator
Decade Trends Map
Decade Trends Rankings
8
10
(CAST)
analytical
platform.
Based
on
comprehensive social science methodology,
18
12, 28
Gambia
15
Georgia
12
Greece
30
Analysis of the 2015 Index
data from three primary sources is triangulated
and subjected to critical review to obtain final
Guinea
22
Highlights of Fragile States Index 2015
14
scores for the Fragile States Index. Millions of
India
14
Very High Alert
C.A.R.: Worst Violence in History
18
documents are analyzed every year, and by
Iran
25
High Alert
Arab Spring Turns to Winter
18
applying
Iraq
19
Nigeria: Beating the Odds
20
parameters, scores are apportioned for every
Kenya
22
Mapping Conflict Data in the Delta
22
country based on twelve key political, social
25
22
and economic indicators and over 100 sub-
Lebanon
West Africa Confronts Ebola
A Tough Neighborhood: Kenya
22
indicators that are the result of years of
Liberia
23
Behind the Scores
24
painstaking expert social science research.
Alert
High Warning
highly
specialized
search
Libya
Nigeria
19
14, 20
Warning
Ukraine’s Fall from Grace
26
Low Warning
Cuba Comes in from the Cold
28
The 2015 Fragile States Index, the 11th
Portugal
South Africa: A City on a Hill?
28
edition of the annual Index, comprises data
Russia
Less Stable
Acropolis Wow: Greece Slips
30
collected between January 1, 2014 and
Sierra Leone
13, 23
Stable
Beneath the U.S. Score
32
December 31, 2014 — thus, certain well-
South Africa
28
Sustainable
European High Achievers
32
publicized events that have occurred since
Sparkling Finnish
34
January 1, 2015 are not covered by the 2015
Syria
18
Index.
About
Ukraine
United States of America
Methodology and Indicators
16
Yemen
About The Fund for Peace
39
Zimbabwe
13
13, 24, 27
13, 26
32
14, 18
13
Interpreting the Fragile States Index Findings
The Fragile States Index scores should
will notice a significant de-emphasis on
rankings are now printed in reverse order, and
be interpreted with the understanding that the
rankings, as it is our firm belief that a country’s
our analysis now focuses more on broad
lower the score, the better. Therefore, a
score (and indeed, its indicator scores) are a
categories rather than specific rankings. We
reduced score indicates an improvement, just
far more important and accurate indicator of a
have also changed our “Heat Map”, whereby
as a higher score indicates greater instability.
country’s performance, and that as much as
“cooler” colors are now applied to more less at
For an explanation of the various indicators
countries should be compared against other
-risk categories. We trust this will provide a
and their icons, please refer to page 17. Also,
countries, it is more useful to compare a
less alarming view of the globe.
in a departure from previous years, readers
country against itself, over time. Hence, our
www.fundforpeace.org
3
The Fund for Peace
Fragile States Index:
Fragility in the World 2015
Greenland
Iceland
n
Norway
Sw
e
de
United States
of America
Canada
Fin
DK
United Kingdom
NL
BE Germany
Ireland
LX
France
Poland
CZ
SK
AT HU
R
SI
HV BA RS
ME MK
AL
CH
ly
Ita
Portugal
United States of America
Spain
Malta
TN
Mo
co
r oc
Algeria
Cuba
Jamaica
Honduras
Dominican Republic
Antigua & Barbuda
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Panama
Colombia
Country Abbreviations
Djibouti
LI
Lithuania
AL
Albania
DK
Denmark
LV
Latvia
AM
Armenia
EE
Estonia
LX
Luxembourg
AT
Austria
ER
Eritrea
ME
Montenegro
AZ
Azerbaijan
GE
Georgia
MK
Macedonia
BA
Bosnia & Herz.
GQ
Eq. Guinea
MW
Malawi
BD
Bangladesh
GR
Greece
NL
Netherlands
BE
Belgium
HU
Hungary
QA
Qatar
BF
Burkina Faso
HV
Croatia
RS
Serbia
BG
Bulgaria
IL
Israel
RW
Rwanda
BH
Bahrain
JO
Jordan
SG
Singapore
BI
Burundi
KG
Kyrgyz Rep.
SI
Slovenia
BT
Bhutan
KH
Cambodia
SK
Slovakia
CG
Congo (Rep.)
KW
Kuwait
TJ
Tajikistan
CY
Cyprus
LA
Laos
TN
Tunisia
CZ
Czech Rep.
LB
Lebanon
UG
Uganda
Ecuador
eg
The Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Sierra Leone
Mali
al
Chad
BF
Côte
d’Ivoire
Liberia
Niger
Nigeria
Togo Benin
Sao Tome & Principe GQ
C.A.R
Gabon CG Dem
Repub
Co
Brazil
Peru
Angola
Bolivia
Namibia
Bo
ua
DJ
ag
U.A.E.
r
Pa
AE
Mauritania
Se
n
Ghana
Costa Rica
Barbados
Grenada
Trinidad & Tobago
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
Cape Verde
on
Guatemala
El Salvador
Haiti
me
ro
Belize
Ca
Mexico
Libya
Western
Sahara
Bahamas
y
S
A
Chile
Argentina
Uruguay
Sustainable
20
30
nd
I
10
Stable
Russia
EE
LV
50
Belarus
60
Ukraine
MD
Kazakhstan
omania
BG
GE
GR
Turkey
CY LB Syria
IL
JO
Egypt
Uz
AZ
Tur
Iraq
bek
ista
kme
KW
n
Mongolia
KG
Japan
China
Pakistan
N ep
BD
Myanmar
120
LA
d
cratic RW
c of the
ngo
110
an
ail
Yemen
KH
Ethiopia
UG
100
Taiwan
DJ
South
Sudan
Alert
Th
ER
90
South Korea
BT
Om
an
India
al
70
80
North Korea
Afghanistan
BH
QA
AE
Warning
TJ
nist
an
Iran
Saudi
Arabia
Sudan
Sri Lanka
lia
ma
So
Vietnam
Philippines
Brunei
Malaysia
Maldives
Micronesia
SG
Kenya
Papua New Guinea
BI
Seychelles
Tanzania
Solomon Islands
Indonesia
Comoros
MW
Timor-Leste
Samoa
ue
Vanuatu
r
biq
am
Mad
ag
Zimbabwe
z
Mo
asca
Zambia
swana
outh
rica
40
Mauritius
French
Polynesia
Australia
Swaziland
Lesotho
New Zealand
Fiji
Fragile States Index:
Assessing State Fragility in 2015
Very Sustainable
17.8 Finland (178)
Very Stable
Low Warning
Warning
40.9 Malta (=151)
61.9 Albania (125)
70.5 Guyana (107)
40.9 Spain (=151)
62.1 Seychelles (124)
70.8 Namibia (106)
20.2 Sweden (177)
41.5 Chile (150)
62.6 Brazil (123)
71.2 Dominican Republic (105)
20.8 Norway (176)
42.6 Slovak Republic (149)
62.8 Botswana (122)
71.3 Gabon (=103)
21.5 Denmark (175)
43.0 Lithuania (148)
63.0 Brunei Darussalam (121)
71.3 Paraguay (=103)
22.2 Luxembourg (174)
43.2 Italy (147)
63.4 Grenada (120)
71.4 El Salvador (102)
22.3 Switzerland (173)
43.8 Estonia (146)
64.3 Bahrain (119)
71.6 Saudi Arabia (101)
22.6 New Zealand (172)
45.2 Mauritius (145)
64.5 Macedonia (118)
71.8 Mexico (100)
23.4 Iceland (171)
46.2 United Arab Emirates (144)
64.6 Jamaica (117)
71.9 Ghana (=98)
24.3 Australia (170)
46.3 Qatar (143)
65.3 Belize (116)
71.9 Peru (=98)
24.7 Ireland (169)
46.7 Costa Rica (142)
65.9 Malaysia (115)
72.4 Vietnam (97)
25.7 Canada (168)
47.6 Argentina (141)
66.2 Cyprus (114)
73.0 Moldova (96)
26.0 Austria (167)
48.6 Latvia (140)
67.0 South Africa (113)
73.5 Cape Verde (95)
26.8 Netherlands (166)
49.1 Hungary (139)
67.4 Cuba (112)
73.6 Micronesia (94)
28.1 Germany (165)
49.3 Barbados (138)
68.2 Samoa (111)
73.7 Sao Tome & Principe (93)
68.3 Kazakhstan (110)
73.8 Serbia (92)
51.0 Croatia (137)
68.4 Suriname (109)
74.2 Maldives (91)
30.4 Belgium (163)
51.6 Bahamas (136)
69.7 Armenia (108)
74.5 Turkey (90)
31.6 Slovenia (162)
52.0 Oman (135)
33.4 United Kingdom (161)
52.6 Greece (134)
33.7 France (160)
54.2 Romania (=132)
34.4 Singapore (159)
54.2 Montenegro (=132)
35.3 United States (158)
54.6 Panama (131)
36.0 Japan (157)
55.4 Bulgaria (130)
36.3 South Korea (156)
57.0 Mongolia (129)
36.5 Uruguay (155)
57.5 Kuwait (128)
37.4 Czech Republic (154)
57.8 Antigua & Barbuda (127)
39.8 Poland (153)
58.7 Trinidad & Tobago (126)
Sustainable
29.7 Portugal (164)
Highly Stable
Stable
74.6 Morocco (89)
Warning
High Warning
Alert
High Alert
75.0 Indonesia (88)
80.0 Russia (65)
90.0 Egypt (38)
100.0 Cote d’Ivoire (=15)
75.6 Belarus (87)
80.4 Guatemala (64)
90.2 Rwanda (37)
100.0 Zimbabwe (=15)
75.8 Tunisia (86)
80.8 Tanzania (63)
90.5 Nepal (36)
102.4 Nigeria (14)
75.9 Ecuador (85)
82.2 Kyrgyz Republic (62)
90.6 Sri Lanka (=34)
102.9 Pakistan (13)
76.3 Ukraine (84)
82.5 Colombia (61)
90.6 Timor-Leste (=34)
104.5 Haiti (=11)
76.4 China (83)
83.0 Senegal (60)
90.8 Congo (Republic) (33)
104.5 Iraq (=11)
76.8 Fiji (82)
83.3 Comoros (59)
91.8 Bangladesh (32)
104.9 Guinea (10)
76.9 Jordan (81)
83.4 Papua New Guinea (=57)
91.9 Sierra Leone (31)
107.9 Afghanistan (=8)
77.3 Azerbaijan (80)
83.4 Tajikistan (=57)
93.1 Mali (30)
107.9 Syria (=8)
77.4 Bosnia & Herzegovina (79)
83.6 Madagascar (56)
93.8 North Korea (29)
108.1 Yemen (7)
77.5 Turkmenistan (78)
84.5 Laos (55)
94.3 Cameroon (28)
108.4 Chad (6)
78.0 Bolivia (77)
84.8 Equatorial Guinea (54)
94.7 Myanmar (Burma) (27)
109.7 Congo (Dem. Rep.) (5)
78.2 Honduras (76)
85.2 Zambia (53)
94.9 Mauritania (26)
78.6 Venezuela (75)
85.4 Gambia (=51)
95.3 Libya (25)
110.8 Sudan (4)
78.7 Bhutan (74)
85.4 Uzbekistan (=51)
96.9 Eritrea (24)
111.9 Central African Rep. (3)
78.8 Benin (73)
85.9 Solomon Islands (50)
97.0 Uganda (23)
114.0 Somalia (2)
79.0 Nicaragua (72)
86.3 Philippines (=48)
97.3 Liberia (22)
114.5 South Sudan (1)
79.1 Thailand (71)
86.3 Swaziland (=48)
97.4 Kenya (21)
79.3 Georgia (70)
86.8 Togo (47)
97.5 Ethiopia (20)
79.4 India (=68)
86.9 Malawi (=45)
97.8 Niger (19)
79.4 Israel & the West Bank (=68)
86.9 Mozambique (=45)
98.1 Burundi (18)
79.6 Algeria (67)
87.2 Iran (44)
99.9 Guinea Bissau (17)
79.9 Lesotho (66)
87.9 Cambodia (43)
88.1 Angola (=40)
88.1 Djibouti (=40)
88.1 Lebanon (=40)
89.2 Burkina Faso (39)
Very High Alert
Fragile States Index:
Decade Trends, 2006-2015
Greenland
Iceland
n
Norway
Sw
e
de
United States
of America
Canada
Fin
DK
United Kingdom
NL
BE Germany
Ireland
LX
France
Poland
CZ
SK
AT HU
R
SI
HV BA RS
ME MK
AL
CH
ly
Ita
Portugal
United States of America
Spain
Malta
TN
Mo
co
r oc
Algeria
Cuba
Jamaica
Honduras
Dominican Republic
Antigua & Barbuda
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Panama
Colombia
Country Abbreviations
Djibouti
LI
Lithuania
AL
Albania
DK
Denmark
LV
Latvia
AM
Armenia
EE
Estonia
LX
Luxembourg
AT
Austria
ER
Eritrea
ME
Montenegro
AZ
Azerbaijan
GE
Georgia
MK
Macedonia
BA
Bosnia & Herz.
GQ
Eq. Guinea
MW
Malawi
BD
Bangladesh
GR
Greece
NL
Netherlands
BE
Belgium
HU
Hungary
QA
Qatar
BF
Burkina Faso
HV
Croatia
RS
Serbia
BG
Bulgaria
IL
Israel
RW
Rwanda
BH
Bahrain
JO
Jordan
SG
Singapore
BI
Burundi
KG
Kyrgyz Rep.
SI
Slovenia
BT
Bhutan
KH
Cambodia
SK
Slovakia
CG
Congo (Rep.)
KW
Kuwait
TJ
Tajikistan
CY
Cyprus
LA
Laos
TN
Tunisia
CZ
Czech Rep.
LB
Lebanon
UG
Uganda
Ecuador
eg
The Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Sierra Leone
Mali
al
Chad
BF
Côte
d’Ivoire
Liberia
Niger
Nigeria
Togo Benin
Sao Tome & Principe GQ
C.A.R
Gabon CG Dem
Repub
Co
Brazil
Peru
Angola
Bolivia
Namibia
Bo
ua
DJ
ag
U.A.E.
r
Pa
AE
Mauritania
Se
n
Ghana
Costa Rica
Barbados
Grenada
Trinidad & Tobago
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
Cape Verde
on
Guatemala
El Salvador
Haiti
me
ro
Belize
Ca
Mexico
Libya
Western
Sahara
Bahamas
y
S
A
Chile
Argentina
Uruguay
Improvement
< -10.0
< -6.0
< -2.0
nland
Belarus
Ukraine
MD
Kazakhstan
Romania
S
BG
K
GE
GR
Turkey
CY LB Syria
IL
JO
Egypt
Uz
AZ
Tur
Iraq
bek
kme
ista
KW
Saudi
Arabia
n
Mongolia
KG
Pakistan
BH
QA
AE
Japan
China
N ep
mocratic RW
blic of the
ongo
Points changes are from 2006 to 2015.
Countries not included in the 2006
Index are calculated from 2007.
South Sudan is calculated from 2012.
LA
d
UG
Myanmar
an
ail
Yemen
KH
Ethiopia
South
Sudan
Sri Lanka
lia
ma
So
Vietnam
Philippines
Brunei
Malaysia
Maldives
Micronesia
SG
Kenya
Papua New Guinea
BI
Seychelles
Tanzania
Solomon Islands
Indonesia
Comoros
MW
Timor-Leste
Samoa
ue
biq
am
Vanuatu
Mad
ag
Zimbabwe
z
Mo
r
Zambia
otswana
South
Africa
> +14.0
Taiwan
BD
DJ
R.
Worsening
Th
ER
Sudan
> +10.0
South Korea
BT
Om
an
India
al
> +0.5
> +6.0
North Korea
Afghanistan
< -0.5
> +2.0
TJ
nist
an
Iran
asca
LI
Marginal
Change
Russia
EE
LV
Mauritius
French
Polynesia
Australia
Swaziland
Lesotho
New Zealand
Fiji
Fragile States Index:
Decade Trends, 2006-2015
Significant Improvement
Strong Improvement
Some Improvement
–14.5 Cuba (1)
–9.5 Moldova (8)
–7.6 Latvia (19)
–5.9 Luxembourg*
–4.3 Timor-Leste*
–14.2 Indonesia (2)
–9.3 Colombia (9)
–7.6 Cape Verde*
–5.6 Saudi Arabia (29)
–4.1 Botswana (44)
–13.8 Dominican Rep. (3)
–9.2 Bhutan (=10)
–7.6 Malta*
–5.6 Samoa*
–3.9 Guatemala (45)
–11.6 Germany (4)
–9.2 Cote d’Ivoire (=10)
–7.3 Peru (=20)
–5.5 Suriname*
–3.6 Kazakhstan (=46)
–11.1 Bosnia & Herz. (5)
–9.2 Seychelles*
–7.3 Slovak Rep. (=20)
–5.4 U.A.E.*
–3.6 North Korea (=46)
–10.9 Croatia (6)
–9.0 Uzbekistan (12)
–7.3 Qatar*
–5.3 Ecuador (30)
–3.5 South Korea (48)
–10.6 Macedonia (7)
–8.9 Belarus (=13)
–7.3 Serbia**
–5.2 Slovenia (31)
–3.4 Laos (=49)
–10.6 Barbados*
–8.9 Zimbabwe (=13)
–7.2 Estonia (22)
–5.0 Panama (32)
–3.4 Nicaragua (=49)
–8.9 Trinidad & Tobago*
–7.1 Russia (23)
–4.9 Bolivia (=33)
–3.3 Denmark (=51)
–8.6 Turkmenistan (15)
–6.9 Maldives*
–4.9 Nepal (=33)
–3.3 Kuwait (=51)
–8.5 Bahamas*
–6.7 Albania (=24)
–4.9 Sao Tome*
–3.0 Portugal (53)
–8.4 Romania (16)
–6.7 Bulgaria (=24)
–4.7 Uruguay (=35)
–2.9 Costa Rica (=54)
–8.2 Brunei Darussalam*
–6.7 Lithuania (=24)
–4.7 Sierra Leone (=35)
–2.9 Georgia (=54)
–8.2 Grenada*
–6.2 Vietnam (27)
–4.7 El Salvador (=35)
–2.9 Malawi (=54)
–8.1 Poland (=17)
–6.1 China (28)
–4.6 Azerbaijan (38)
–2.8 Guyana*
–8.1 Kyrgyz Rep. (=17)
–6.1 Solomon Islands*
–4.5 Bangladesh (=39)
–2.7 Rwanda (57)
–4.5 Iraq (=39)
–2.6 Venezuela (58)
–4.5 Belize*
–2.3 Gabon (59)
–4.4 Czech Republic (41)
–2.2 Jamaica (60)
–4.3 Cyprus (=42)
–2.2 Congo (Rep.)*
–7.9 Antigua & Barbuda*
–4.3 Tajikistan (=42)
Points changes are from 2006 to 2015.
* Country score changes calculated from a base year of
2007 due to their not being included in the 2006 Failed
States Index.
** Country score changes calculated from a base year of
2007 due to their not being independent countries for
the 2006 Failed States Index.
*** Country score changes calculated from a base year of
2012 due to their not being independent countries for
the 2006 Failed States Index.
Marginal Improvement
Insignificant Change
Some Worsening
Worsening
Significant Worsening
–1.9 Morocco (61)
–0.5 Brazil (=75)
+2.3 Australia (95)
+6.1 Ireland (115)
+10.4 Tunisia (131)
–1.8 Armenia (=62)
–0.5 Burkina Faso (=75)
+2.3 Iceland*
+6.1 South Sudan***
+10.8 Niger (132)
–1.8 Myanmar (=62)
–0.4 Congo (D.R.) (=77)
+2.4 Hungary (96)
+6.4 Belgium (116)
+11.3 South Africa (133)
–1.8 Sri Lanka (=62)
–0.4 Finland (=77)
+2.5 Chad (=97)
+6.8 Argentina (117)
+11.4 Gambia (=134)
–1.7 Liberia (65)
–0.2 Angola (=79)
+2.5 Uganda (=97)
+7.1 Mauritania (=118)
+11.4 Ghana (=134)
–1.5 Sudan (=66)
–0.2 Malaysia (=79)
+2.5 Tanzania (=97)
+7.1 Philippines (=118)
+11.5 Greece (=136)
–1.5 Togo (=66)
–0.2 Pakistan (=79)
+2.6 Canada (100)
+7.1 Madagascar*
+11.5 Yemen (=136)
–1.4 Mongolia (68)
–0.1 Austria (=82)
+2.9 Cambodia (101)
+7.3 Bahrain*
+12.1 Mozambique (138)
–1.4 Montenegro**
–0.1 Haiti (=82)
+3.2 Iran (=102)
+7.6 Lebanon (120)
+13.0 Eritrea (139)
–1.3 Mexico (=69)
–0.1 Jordan (=82)
+3.2 New Zealand (=102)
+7.8 Djibouti*
+14.4 C.A.R. (140)
+3.3 Mauritius (104)
+7.9 Benin (121)
+14.5 Guinea Bissau (141)
–1.3 Netherlands (=69)
0.0 Israel & W.B. (85)
Critical Worsening
–1.3 Lesotho*
+0.1 Namibia (=86)
+3.4 Ukraine (105)
+8.0 Japan (=122)
–1.2 P.N.G. (71)
+0.1 Turkey (=86)
+3.5 Spain (106)
+8.0 Nigeria (=122)
+16.9 Senegal (142)
–0.8 United Kingdom (72)
+0.1 Micronesia*
+3.6 Switzerland (=107)
+8.1 Afghanistan (=124)
+18.5 Mali (143)
–0.7 Paraguay (73)
+0.5 Egypt (88)
+3.6 Singapore (=107)
+8.1 Somalia (=124)
+19.3 Syria (144)
+4.0 Norway (109)
+8.1 Italy (=124)
+26.8 Libya (145)
+0.8 Eq. Guinea (=89)
+4.2 Thailand (110)
+8.2 Oman (127)
+0.8 U.S.A. (=89)
+5.0 Swaziland*
+8.8 Kenya (128)
+1.1 Fiji*
+5.5 Comoros*
+9.0 India (129)
+1.4 Burundi (91)
+5.6 Ethiopia (=111)
+9.5 Chile (130)
+1.5 Honduras (92)
+5.6 Zambia (=111)
+1.8 Algeria (93)
+5.9 Cameroon (=113)
+2.0 Sweden (94)
+5.9 Guinea (=113)
–0.6 France (74)
Marginal Worsening
Springtime for Castro and Cuba;
Winter for Ukraine and Libya
J.J. Messner and Hannah Blyth
Most Improved, 2014 to 2015
–3.4 Cuba (112)
67.4
South Sudan has topped the Fragile
States
Index
for
the
second
year
improved country year-on-year in 2015, it is
in
also the most improved country over the past
–3.4 Georgia (70)
79.3
–3.4 Portugal (164)
succession, as the country continues to be
decade. Though the country continues to
29.7
wracked by internal conflict, fractious politics,
experience problems in the provision of public
–2.8 Zimbabwe (16)
100.0
and poverty. South Sudan is joined at the
services and issues such as Human Rights
most fragile end of the Index by countries that
and State Legitimacy, it has nevertheless
have long struggled, such as Somalia, Central
made great strides economically, driven by the
African Republic, Sudan, and D.R. Congo.
reform agenda of Raul Castro. It is reasonable
However, a lack of change at the most fragile
to assume that, with the thawing of the
end of the Index (not to mention a similar lack
relationship between the United States and
of change at the sustainable end of the Index)
Cuba, this trend will continue to be positive
belies the significant movement of a number of
over the coming years.
–2.7 Romania (132)
54.2
–2.7 Slovak Republic (149)
42.6
–2.6 China (83)
76.4
–2.6 Qatar (143)
46.3
–2.6 Trinidad & Tobago (126)
58.7
–2.5 Austria (167)
26.0
–2.5 Bahamas (136)
51.6
–2.5 Germany (165)
28.1
–2.5 Iceland (171)
23.4
countries over the past year and i …
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