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Answer & Explanation:HIST 1312 writing guide.pdf HIST 1312 Midterm Essay.pdf I have an assignment due in 24 hours that I need help with it all instruction in the 2 filesreply if u could help
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Professor Z’s Essay Writing Guide for HIST 1312
STRUCTURE:
All papers should be made up of a clear introduction, several supporting
paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Introduction
Your introductory paragraph should briefly introduce the topic of your paper, then
present a clear, argumentative thesis.
•
In other words, you should first provide a context for your paper.
o For example: “At the turn of the century, Martians faced many
hardships and obstacles as they tried to secure a living for
themselves and their families on a new planet. These included
hostile Earthlings, severe allergies, and a lack of opposable
thumbs.”
•
Then you should state your argument (thesis statement) in a sentence or
two. This must be a claim about how and why change occurred (or did not
occur), and why it matters, that you can back up with evidence.
o For example: “Martians eventually organized a mass movement for
Martian rights and developed cybernetic thumbs, finally allowing
them to dominate the native humans.”
§
•
However, “Over time, Martians were able to improve their
conditions” is not a thesis, because it is a statement of fact
(who, what, when, where) rather than an argument (why and
how).
Your thesis statement must state what you will be arguing, not just how. It
should not be a “road map” of how the paper is structured.
o For example: “This paper will examine the obstacles that Martians
faced and how they overcame them,” is not a thesis, because it is
an outline rather than an argument.
•
Remember, you are not being graded on what you argue, but how well
you argue it.
Supporting (Body) Paragraphs
Your introduction should be followed by several paragraphs offering evidence
and examples that directly support your thesis.
•
Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the
subject of the paragraph.
o For example: “The first problems Martians faced were the
discriminatory legal restrictions placed on them by Earthlings’
governments.”
•
The statement made in the topic sentence should then be supported in the
remainder of the paragraph with specific evidence.
o Your evidence should consist of data and examples drawn from the
course materials and, if you choose, outside sources.
•
These paragraphs should follow a logical sequence, and each one must
somehow support your thesis (sometimes this can mean discussing
possible counter-arguments to your thesis, and explaining why they are
incorrect or weak).
o If a paragraph provides information that is not relevant to your
argument, it should not be included in your paper.
Conclusion
Your concluding paragraph should briefly restate what you have just argued.
•
However, it should not be a word-for-word repetition of your introduction
and thesis.
•
It should also resituate your conclusion into a larger context, answering
the question, “Why does this matter?”
DOS AND DON’TS OF ACADEMIC ESSAY WRITING
Things to avoid
•
•
•
Don’t begin with a dictionary definition. It is clichéd and unhelpful.
•
Don’t make unsupportable generalizations (“people will always…” “it’s
human nature…” “everyone knows….” “since the beginning of time…”)
•
Don’t make statements about how something “helped make America what
it is today”–instead, explain specifically what impact something had and
how that impact is visible today.
•
Don’t use words like “we” and “us.” Be specific about what historical or
present-day groups you are discussing.
•
Don’t use slang, internet abbreviations, or other casual language.
Don’t use terms like “I think” or “I believe.” Instead, state your argument as
a fact and then try to prove it. Try to avoid using any “I” statements at all.
•
Don’t assume that your reader is familiar with the sources and material
you are discussing. You are not writing the essay to your professor or
teaching assistant; you are writing it for a “general audience.”
•
Don’t use quotations that are simply statements of facts. Use quotations
only when something is especially well-put or illustrative by another writer.
•
Don’t capitalize the word “the” unless it is at the beginning of a sentence
or the beginning of a title.
o It’s “Martians remained neutral during the Spanish-American War,”
not “Marians remained neutral during The Spanish-American War.”
Things that are helpful
•
Make sure that you know what your argument will be before you start.
•
Make sure that you understand how to do footnotes properly, and if you’re
still confused, ask.
•
Remember, there are not “right” arguments, only weaker and stronger
ones.
•
Have a friend, roommate, classmate, or the Writing Center read over a
draft of your essay to look for spelling and grammar mistakes.
A NOTE ON FOOTNOTES
To cite the online edition of Out of Many, use this format:
Long Note (i.e. the first time it is cited in your paper):
• Mari Jo Buhle et al., Out of Many: A History of the American People, eigth
edition, volume 2 (New York: Pearson, 2015), online edition, [insert chapter
section you are citing, e.g. 21.1.2].
Short Note (i.e. each time after the first that it is cited in your paper).
• Buhle et al., Out of Many, [chapter section].
Example of text with footnotes:
Radical economist Henry George’s book, Progress and Poverty, sold more than
three million copies.1 In 1886 George ran for mayor of New York, and received
31 percent of the vote.2 But his “single-tax” movement soon faded into obscurity.
Ten years later, when the Populist-backed Democratic candidate William
Jennings Bryant ran for president, he won 47 percent of votes.3 This was far better
than the Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs, who won just 6 percent of the
presidential vote in 1912.4
1
Kenyon Zimmer, “Politics in a Gilded Age,” class lecture, September 21, 2015.
Mari Jo Buhle et al., Out of Many: A History of the American People, Volume 2 (New York: Pearson,
2015), online edition, 20.2.3.
3
Buhle et al., Out of Many, 20.4.3.
4
Zimmer, “Politics in a Gilded Age.”
2
HIST 1312-‐004
History of the United States since 1865
Midterm Essay Instructions
The Question:
History often focuses on “Great Men” like presidents and generals; however, most of the
Americans who lived through, and shaped, this nation’s history have not been politicians or
military commanders. Instead, most Americans have been (and still are) workers, women,
immigrants, and/or racial minorities. For your essay:
•
•
Choose one of these four groups (workers, women, immigrants, or a racial minority—
although obviously, these categories overlap)
Using material from class lectures and Out of Many, answer the following questions about
that group:
o What were this group’s social, economic, and political conditions from the 1870s to
the 1910s? How did its members try to improve their position during these years,
and how and why were they successful or unsuccessful in doing so?
Instructions:
Your essay must be at least four full pages, in double-‐spaced 12 point Times New Roman font,
and have regular 1” page margins. Do not:
• Use a different font size or style, skip lines between paragraphs or footnotes, put a header
on every page, or otherwise try to take up space without actually writing
You must use evidence (examples and data) from both class sources to support an argument
(your thesis) that answers the questions above. Additional outside sources may be used, but
are not required.
• If you do use outside sources, and these include online sources, only use online versions of
primary documents or works by actual historians—this means do not use Wikipedia or
similar anonymous or amateur sources.
• Outside sources should not be used for information that is already included in the course
material.
1
Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is the unacknowledged incorporation of another person’s work into an assignment. If
you plagiarize material in your essay, you will automatically receive an F for the course and will
be reported to the Office of Student Conduct.
Citations:
Quotations, statistical information (including figures for things like average wages, the number
of strikes in a particular year, etc.), summaries of other writers’ arguments, and factual
information that is not common knowledge all require citations. Your essay must include
citations, in the form of footnotes.
To insert footnotes into a Word document, go to the “References” menu at the top (or, in
some versions, the “Insert” menu), and select “Insert Footnote.” Word will automatically
number the footnotes for you. Do not use a “Footer”, which is different from a footnote, and
do not try to manually number your notes. Every footnote in the text refers to its own note at
the bottom of the page.1 You should not have multiple footnotes with the same number, even
if they refer to the same source. Footnotes should be formatted according to the Chicago
Manual of Style, also known as “Chicago Style” footnotes. Footnotes go at the end of a
sentence or paragraph, after the punctuation.
Basic footnote formatting:
The first time that a particular source is cited in your paper, use the “Long Note” format (see
below). Each additional time that you cite that same source in your paper (even if it’s on a
different page), use the “Short Note” format.
Book: Long Note (i.e. the first time it is cited in your paper):
• Author’s First Name and Last Name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of
publication), page number. Example:
o John Carter, My Journey to Mars: An Autobiography (Austin, TX: Panda Books, 1990),
6.
§ (For this citation in footnote form, look at the bottom of this page.)2
Short Note (i.e. each time after the first that it is cited in your paper).
• Author’s Last Name, [shortened] Title of Book, page number. Example:
o Carter, My Journey, 6.
§ (For this citation in footnote form, look at the bottom of this page.)3
Class Lecture: Long Note (i.e. the first time it is cited in your paper):
• Instructor’s First Name and Last Name, “Title of Lecture,” class lecture, date of lecture.
Example:
o Rupert Giles, “Vampire Slaying 101,” class lecture, October 31, 1998.
1
Like this!
John Carter, My Journey to Mars: An Autobiography (Austin, TX: Panda Books, 1990), 6.
3
Carter, My Journey, 6
2
2
•
Short note (i.e. each time after the first that it is cited in your paper).
Instructor’s Last Name, [shortened] “Title of Lecture.” Example:
o Giles, “Vampire Slaying.”
For further instructions on how to footnote other kinds of sources, please see this guide:
GRADING RUBRIC
Points
There is a clear, argumentative thesis
statement in the introduction that directly
answers the essay question
10
Out of Many and lectures are used,
without obvious omissions of relevant
course material
20
All information requiring citations have
them, and the footnotes are formatted
correctly
10
The argument is clear throughout the
essay and well-‐supported with
appropriate evidence, without obvious
flaws or omissions
20
The essay is at least four full pages in
length, with no “filler”
20
The writing is grammatically correct and
there are few or no spelling errors
10
The paper is generally polished, original,
creative, flows well, etc.
10
Total: 100 points
3
…
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