Expert answer:Enterprise Design Method, computer science homewor
Answer & Explanation:please open the attachments and read it very carefully .week 3 Q.docx Chapter4-EnterpriseDesignMethod.ppt Thank you .
week_3_q.docx
chapter4_enterprisedesignmethod.ppt
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– Complete 5 total NEW terms/theories/concepts from the assigned chapter (s) and/or PowerPoint for
the week.
– Provide a formal definition with a Source / Reference for each term
– Simplistically define in layman terms in order for the term or theory/Concept that demonstrates you
understand as it relates to the chapter.
Readings: Business Capability Modeling & Organizational Culture &
Giachetti’s Chapter 4: Enterprise Design Methodology &
Case Study
1- Organizational Culture http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldrdm/pt4ch16.html
2- Organizational Culture https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Bb402954.aspx
3- Open the attachment in order to see Chapter 4 : Enterprise Design Methodology &
Case Study.
Chapter 4
Enterprise Design Methodology
Ronald E. Giachetti, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Industrial and Systems Engineering, FIU
May 6, 2019
Florida International University
1
Overview
▪
▪
▪
▪
Types of design problems
Problem-solving framework
Design methodologies
CMMI
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 2
Design Theory
▪ Design is the selection among alternatives
▪ The set of alternatives is the solution space
Can be discrete or continuous
▪ Constraints establish restrictions on what is
acceptable or feasible
▪ Constraints divide solution space into a feasible
region and infeasible region
Only solutions in the feasible region (meaning they
satisfy all constraints) can be selected
▪ Optimal solution – the best design solution, where
best depends on objective of designers
▪ Local optimal solution – the best design in a
neighborhood (a portion of the solution space)
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 3
Design Optimization
▪ Design problem is to select
lowest cost PC
▪ It is natural however, to have
constraints on what is
acceptable
▪ Constraint on minimum
processor speed
▪ Constraint on minimum
memory
▪ Intersection of constraints
defines a feasible region
▪ Within the feasible region, the lowest cost solution is the optimal
solution
▪ In this simple example, we can iterate all design alternatives, but
in enterprise design this is often not possible
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 4
Design in Continuous Space
Find the global optimal
solution, which is the
best solution such that
the height of the solution
space is quality of the
solution
The problem is that we
cannot see the solution
space, so how can we
find the optimal?
This is the problem of
design optimization
Can we even define what is optimal for an enterprise
design? Or any complex design problem?
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Instead in
design, we
often are happy
to find a good
solution termed
the “local
optimal”
because it is
the best in its
neighborhood
Slide 5
Design Problem
▪ Find a design (solution) that optimizes our objective
▪ In general, we replace optimizes with satisifies us
because:
We usually have multiple objectives and what minimizes cost
might not simultaneously maximize performance
We cannot search the entire solution space because there
are too many potential solutions, so we use heuristics to
search only a subset of the possible designs thus leaving
open the possibility of missing the optimal solution
Engineering design is a systematic, intelligent process in
which designers generate, evaluate, and specify concepts for
systems whose form and function achieve the stakeholder’s
objectives while satisfying a specified set of constraints.
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 6
Problem-Solving Perspective
The design problem can be solved by the problem-solving
method
Solving problems is
naturally iterative:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Scope design problem
Design the solution
Evaluate the solution
Is it satisfactory? If not
repeat
•
As you repeat scoping,
you will do less of it,
but the act of design
increases your
understanding
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 7
Design Problems
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 8
Wicked Problems
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
You don’t understand the problem until you have developed a
solution. Indeed, there is no definitive statement of “The Problem.” The
problem is ill-structured, an evolving set of interlocking issues and
constraints.
Since there is no definitive “The Problem”, there is also no definitive “The
Solution.” The problem solving process ends when you run out of
resources.
Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong, simply “better,”
“worse,” “good enough,” or “not good enough.”
Every wicked problem is essentially unique and novel. There are so
many factors and conditions, all embedded in a dynamic social
context, that no two wicked problems are alike, and the solutions to
them will always be custom designed and fitted.
Every solution to a wicked problem is a “one-shot operation,” every
attempt has consequences. You cannot build a motorway to see how
it works.
Problem wickedness demands tools and methods which create shared
understanding and shared commitment.
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 9
Design Thinking
▪ Convergent Thinking
derive the single best (optimal) answer to a clearly defined
problem.
logical, rational thinking
It is most effective when the problem is structured such that a
solution can be generated based on stored knowledge and
information through a rational process, logical search,
mathematical algorithm, or decision-making strategy.
▪ Divergent Thinking
producing multiple and alternative solutions to the problem.
It requires making unexpected combinations, recognizing
relationships among objects even if only remotely linked, and
transforming information into unanticipated forms.
Divergent thinking goes from a problem to multiple potential
solutions.
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 10
Divergent Thinking
idea
idea
idea
idea
Design idea
idea
idea
idea
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 11
Design Methods
▪ A methodology is a standardized development process
governed by a set of principles and common philosophy that
defines a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables,
and automated tools.
▪ Phases are defined by specific activities carried out in the phase
and the deliverables generated in the phase.
▪ An activity describes a coherent work process that generates
one or more deliverables.
▪ A technique is a set of precisely described procedures to
accomplish a task
▪ Milestones are critical project events, such as completion of the
data model or delivery of the requirements document.
▪ A deliverable is a tangible or demonstrable products created
during the project.
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 12
Waterfall Methodology
▪ Traditional
approach to
design projects
▪ Many problems
with sequential
approach
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 13
Spiral Methodology
▪ Response to
sequential
waterfall
▪ Difficult to
manage in its
pure
interpretation
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 14
Controlled Iteration
▪ Identify and resolve critical risks early
▪ Iterations allow early user feedback
▪ Design problem is decomposed into smaller, easier to
solve problems
Phases
Process Workflows
InceptionElaboration Construction
Transition
Business Modeling
Height shows
relative effort
over time
Requirements
Analysis & Design
Implementation
Test
Deployment
Supporting Workflows
Configuration Mgmt
Management
Environment
Preliminary Iter. Iter. Iter. Iter. Iter. Iter. Iter.
Iteration(s) #1 #2 #n #n+1#n+2 #m #m+1
Iterations
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 15
Best Practices
▪ Many design methods include best practices
A best practice is a method or technique
that experience demonstrates will
consistently produce superior results.
▪ Many best practices have been identified and most
methodologies incorporate them
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 16
Methodology Principles (Best Practices)
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Participatory analysis and design
Iterative problem-solving approach
Enterprise architecture
Provide for good project communication
Extensive use of modeling
Document throughout project
Prototype
Establish standards
Continuous quality assurance
Design system for growth and change
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 17
CMMI
▪ Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a
model of design methods and project management
▪ Developed for the U.S. Department of Defense so
that they could evaluate how good contractors are
able to conduct software projects – later expanded
to any systems engineering
▪ Premise is that a good design process and project
management process will lead to a good product
(system design)
▪ Companies are audited and rated in maturity levels 1
through 5 with 5 being the highest
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 18
CMMI
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 19
CMMI Model
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 20
Design
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 21
Summary
▪ You should be able to:
Describe the difference between
optimizing and satisficing
Compare and contrast the different types
of design problems
Describe the problem-solving approach
Explain the evolution of design methods
Define terms related to methodology
Use the CMMI model to classify the maturity
of design methods
Ronald E. Giachetti
May 6, 2019
Slide 22
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