Answer & Explanation:Comparison Matrix and Outline.docx Locate the Comparison Matrix you completed in the Module 2
assignment. Using the outline you developed, the information from the
Comparison Matrix, and the feedback provided by your instructor, write a paper
(750-1,000 words) that compares all three of the articles. Do that by including
the following:
A statement of
common elements and themes addressed in each of the three articles.
A statement of
the conclusions that can be drawn when the articles are taken together as
a single entity. What is the overall message of the group of articles?
comparison_matrix_and_outline.docx
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Matrix
1
Comparison Matrix and Outline
Selena L. Hicks
Grand Canyon University: Ress-811
September 2, 2015
Outline
2
Article 1
Critical Thinking in
Distant Education and
Traditional Education
Title/Author by Lya Visser, Yustra,
(s)
Vissor, and Charles
Scholsser.
Persistent
GCU
library link
Purpose of
the study
What is the
author’s
rationale for
selecting this
topic? Does he
build a strong
case?
Research
Question(s)
What
question(s)
does the
author
present?
Article 2
Article 3
Socialization of
Doctoral Students to
Academic Norms by
John Weidman and
Elizabeth Stein.
Developmental
Networks and Learning;
Towards an
Interdisciplinary
perspective on identity
Development During
Doctoral Study by Vicki
Baker and Lisa Lattuca.
http://library.gcu.edu:
2048/login?url=http://s
earch.ebscohost.com.
library.gcu.edu:2048/l
ogin.aspx?direct=true
&db=a9h&AN=12620
957&site=ehostlive&scope=site
http://library.gcu.edu:2
048/login?url=http://se
arch.ebscohost.com.li
brary.gcu.edu:2048/lo
gin.aspx?direct=true&
db=ehh&AN=1109290
4&site=ehostlive&scope=site
http://library.gcu.edu:20
48/login?url=http://searc
h.ebscohost.com.library.
gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx
?direct=true&db=a9h&A
N=54329722&site=ehos
t-live&scope=site
The main purpose of
this study is to provide
the reader with
methods to effectively
think critically. The
study does build a
strong case because
it specifically states
that “effective
communication” must
be used in order to
practice critical
thinking exercises.
The main purpose of
this study is to exploit
professional socialism
between graduate
students and doctoral
students. The study
does build a strong
case since it mainly
investigates all social
activity between
instructors and
students by providing
a complete framework
of each setting.
The purpose of this
study was to bring two
learning theories
together in order to find
out if doctoral students
would benefit more from
the combination of
methods; developmental
networks and sociocultural perspectives.
The questions
presented by the
author are “What do
we know about the
state of critical
thinking in higher
education? What are
some of the factors
affecting the
The research question
answered in this study
is to find out which
students have the best
social interactions with
instructors, peers, and
also to find out which
climate is more
supportive of social
Do graduate programs
prepare students well
enough for their
profession? Will
obtaining a doctorate’s
degree better prepare
students for their
career?
Outline
Literature
Review
How is this
organized?
What are the
main themes
found in the
review? Who
are the main
authors used?
Sample
Population(s
)
What group(s)
is/are being
studied?
3
integration of critical
thinking in traditional
higher education?”
interaction that
stimulate student
thinking. Which
students have better
socialism and which
students benefit more
from their studies as
they learn through
different practices;
scholarly work
consisting of research
while doctorate work is
mostly hands on?
The information is
presented in a way
that critical thinking is
defined and the
concepts are
explained. Then the
study questions are
stated with the
information to answer
the research
questions immediately
following. The main
themes throughout
the study is that
traditional colleges
engage in higher
levels of critical
thinking and are able
to understand
lessons, gaining much
more knowledge than
students who attend
college online.
This information
provides a brief thesis
statement that leads
into the introduction of
the study. The study
was organized by
researching doctorate
and scholarly students
in their school setting.
The study also
focuses on instructor’s
methods of
socialization and how
they interact with
students and among
other instructors in the
college settings.
The main themes found
throughout this study is
that many critical factors
are necessary for the
success of each
doctoral student such
as; relationships
between students and
faculty, student
relationships,
participation in
institutional activities,
social activities,
disciplinary cultures,
funding studies, and
cohort interactions.
The groups being
studied are distance
learners and
traditional learners in
college settings.
The specific groups
being studied are
doctoral students,
scholarly students,
and their instructors as
far as socialization and
learning techniques.
The group being studied
is doctoral students. The
study was created to
prove which ways
students learn best and
to find improvements.
Outline
Limitations
What are the
limitations of
the study? Why
can it only
encompass so
much?
Results/
Conclusions
What did the
author find
through the
study? Was the
original question
answered?
4
The study did not
include distance
learners having to
complete an
internship before
graduating. The study
also did not provide
specific examples,
ratios, or charts to
show the information
provided.
The limitations on this
study are being able to
provide specific
grades for each group
of students as their
different styles of work
are being compared.
This would allow us to
know which students
are most successful
and which methods of
teaching are most
effective.
The numerous amounts
of academic fields
associated with doctoral
programs limits the
study because it is
impossible to include all
educational fields since
the study is limited to
two or three main focus
questions. This study
also focuses on
conventional doctoral
students rather than
professional doctoral
students.
The author found that
online colleges do not
provide enough
critical thinking
opportunities for
students, but does
provide great
examples and
instructions on how to
fix this problem. The
original question was
answered by the
examples explained
for instructors to use
in class.
The results of the
study are that
graduate students and
faculty that engaged in
scholarly activities had
more participation by
doctoral students. It
also resulted that
doctoral students have
a department that is
more supportive when
it has frequent
student/faculty
interactions.
The results of the study
is that most students
enter doctorates
program directly after
completing an
undergraduate degree
and have a higher
standing in
professionalism than
others who may have
waited a while to go
back and obtain a
doctorates. This can
cause one’s identity to
change a bit and the
study shows that
students become more
professional in each
aspect of their lives.
Outline
I.
5
INTRODUCTION
A. Background Information
1. In recent years it has become a problem for colleges to provide critical
thinking activities needed for students to be successful in their field of
study (Visser, L., Visser, Y. L., & Schlosser, C. 2003).
2. Many of the main problems were found in undergraduate colleges where
the students did not have much interaction or socialization with the
instructors (Baker, V., & Lattuca, L. R. 2010).
B. Thesis statement
1. Many people are returning to college, now more than ever, but students
that attend college online are missing out on needed critical thinking
activities and socialization with instructors that prepare one for the
career field chosen.
II.
BODY
A. Article 1; Critical Thinking in Distant Education and Traditional Education by
Lya Visser, Yustra, Vissor, and Charles Scholsser.
1. Supporting Ideas
a. “What do we know about the state of critical thinking in higher
education? What are some of the factors affecting the integration
Outline
6
of critical thinking in traditional higher education?” (Visser, L.,
Visser, Y. L., & Schlosser, C. 2003).
b. Traditional colleges engage in higher levels of critical thinking and
are able to understand lessons, gaining much more knowledge than
students who attend college online
2.
The author found that online colleges do not provide enough critical
thinking opportunities for students, but does provide great examples and
instructions on how to fix this problem.
B. Article 2; Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic Norms by John
Weidman and Elizabeth Stein.
1. Supporting Ideas
a. Students are most successful that have the best social interactions
with instructors, peers, and also to find out which climate is more
supportive of social interaction that stimulate student thinking
b. Graduate students and faculty that engaged in scholarly activities
had more participation by doctoral students (Weidman, J. C., &
Stein, E. L. 2003).
c. Doctoral students have a department that is more supportive when
it has frequent student/faculty interactions (Weidman, J. C., &
Stein, E. L. 2003).
Outline
7
2. Students have better socialism and benefit more from their studies as
they learn through different practices doing scholarly work that consists
of research while doctorate work is mostly hands on.
C. Article 3; Developmental Networks and Learning; Towards an Interdisciplinary
perspective on identity Development during Doctoral Study by Vicki Baker and
Lisa Lattuca.
1. Supporting Ideas
a. The major objective throughout this article is bringing two learning
theories together in order to find out if doctoral students would
benefit more from the combination of methods; developmental
networks and socio-cultural perspectives (Baker, V., & Lattuca, L.
R. 2010).
b. Many critical factors are necessary for the success of each doctoral
student such as; relationships between students and faculty, student
relationships, participation in institutional activities, social
activities, disciplinary cultures, funding studies, and cohort
interactions (Baker, V., & Lattuca, L. R. 2010).
c. Most students enter doctorates program directly after completing
an undergraduate degree and have a higher standing in
professionalism than others who may have waited a while to go
back and obtain a doctorates (Baker, V., & Lattuca, L. R. 2010).
Outline
8
2. Entering a doctorates program right out of undergraduate school and
waiting a while to begin a doctorates program can cause one’s identity to
change a bit and the study shows that students become more professional
in each aspect of their lives.
III.
CONCLUSION
A. Students going back to school should research all schools well before choosing
one to attend and steering clear from online colleges and universities is probably
the best bet since they lack much critical thinking activities they are necessary for
one to advance in their field of choice.
B. Should all college students receive the same amount of socialization, among one
another and with instructors, that is vital to think critically in order to learn
effectively? Is this even possible with online colleges?
IV.
REFERENCES
Baker, V., & Lattuca, L. R. (2010). Developmental networks and learning: toward an
Interdisciplinary perspective on identity development during doctoral study. Studies in
Higher Education, 35(7), 807827. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2
048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=54329722&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Visser, L., Visser, Y. L., & Schlosser, C. (2003). Critical thinking distance education and
Traditional education. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(4), 401407. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2
048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12620957&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Weidman, J. C., & Stein, E. L. (2003). Socialization of doctoral students to academic
Outline
9
norms. Research in Higher Education, 44(6), 641. Available at
http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/lo
gin.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=11092904&site=ehost-live&scope=site
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