Expert answer:Two pages link is attached
Solved by verified expert:I’ve attached a powerpoint overview of how the two pages should be done. I also attached the paper you are to write the intro and summary about. Please read them over before typing the two pages. You can use my paragraph (intro) and go from there, as well as the conclusion.
summaryandintro__1_.ppt
the_outline.docx
20171105225756elders_and_memory_loss__3_.docx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Summary and Intro
Charity Perry, Ph.D.
CSULA
Summary
Your summary should contains two
parts:
What have others determined
Tell the overall summary of the findings
presented pointing to major topics
Why you believe it is important
Remind the reader what are common ideas
Summary
Discuss the importance of your paper
overall
What did you find
What did you conclude
Why is it relevant for Society
Any personal thoughts about importance
Intro Consideration:
Relevance
Is what you are writing about relevant
to the audience and reader?
How can you make it personal and
interesting to those who are outside the
experience spoken about?
Introduction
Introductions are designed for two
things:
Capture the readers attention
Emotional language
Relevance to current situation
Level of tension in the topic
Emotional Language
Using emotional words to describe
ordinary situations help explain those
situations in new ways
Using comparative examples drive
home the point of your presentation
Level of Tension
Some topics lend themselves to interest
because of the tension they create:
Issues that polarize individuals
Issues that have strong moral ideas
Current topics which are emotionally
charged
Finally, in your INTRO
Tell the reader what to expect
Markeisha Stallion
I
INTRO
II
Elders and Memory Loss
P1 Allen Timothy, (2015) found, opined that typical aging is greatly linked to some sort
of reduced memory performance in human beings. Authors of this article define episodic
memory as that personal memory responsible for personal experiences. It is clear ‘events-incontext’ is the scientific laboratory approach used to test episodic memory in human beings. This
approach has justified the fact that memory complications in adults is caused by a range of
factors and is characterized by reduced ability of the aged to remember contextual details that are
associated with specific episodes in life. There have been some disparities in understanding
underlying background for age related deficits behind witnessed in adults (Allen et al. 2015).
P2 Allen Timothy, (2015), found were of the idea that the ability to understand this agerelated memory deficit in adults is of great importance for effecting special forms of
treatment. The authors argue that dentate gyrus (DG) tend to be vulnerable to the effects
of aging on all primates. Since human beings are also primates, this drug is highly
applicable in this case. By adopting a cross-species sequence memory task they had
developed, they identified a range of issues associated with memory loss, especially in
adults. For example, adults impaired with dementia are linked to life history
psychological disturbances and are known to have succumbed to some detrimental events
which in turn affected their ability to remember context based issues (Allen et al. 2015).
P3 In the last two paragraphs I’ve explained the authors reasecrh and input on memory
loss. The older an adult gets doesn’t necessary determine what they are more likely to
remember, but has a great effect on it. The drugs they take, as far as their medicine for
other health issues play an important role. Some drugs can be the root cause to other
health related issues, and sometimes can cause mental illness to one’s brain. Throughout
this I will have more information on these issues as well. There’s also the amount of
stress that is placed upon them.
P1 Anton, (2015), found that there are numerous difficulties that are associated
with definition of the concept of successful aging as applied in the community of
scientists. For example, one of the crucial points being raised is that walking speed is
used as a clear indicator of health status of the human being hence successful aging. This
article provides a clear overview of health conditions, behavioral factors and all
mechanisms of biology which are used by psychologists and health professional as
markers for declining mobility. These elements form a concrete base for developing
informed medical strategies of handling side effects of dementia that are evident in adults
(Anton et al., 2015).
P2 Anton et al., (2015), found identified some specific factors that contribute to health
conditions having a significant impact in reducing physical function especially among the aged.
A number of cognitive functions tend to reduce with age which include but not limited to
memory, attention and executive functions. It is clear from the article that a number of functions
do retain stability despite the fact of increasing aging. Such factors are: individual vocabulary
and cognitive development among others. Obesity is one of the factors which have led to
increased incidences of physical instability that is characterized by memory loss among adults.
Statistics show that around 33% of the American adults who have succumbed to obesity suffer
from dementia. Increased obesity is associated with some form of muscle mass, having a
significant impact to the physical instability in adults. Memory loss is one the few physical
manifestations of obesity among the aged people (Anton et al., 2015).
P3 Anton et al., (2015), found that sarcopenia is one of the factors having huge
contribution to physical instability among adults. Authors define this condition as medical
complication of age related muscles loss; especially type II muscles fibers and motor neurons.
This is a critical health care concern for the adults because it has been proved to be associated
with the development of functional disability which tends to extend to dementia as a health
condition. Other factors that have been discussed as having an impact to physical disability
include but limited to dynapenia and chronic pain. Identified substantiated evidences of
behavioral factors of reduced physical stability are: some form of sedentary lifestyle,
uncontrolled and poor sleep and stress caused by environmental factors such as noise pollution
(Anton et al., 2015).
P1 Healey and Michael, (2016), found that aging is related with changes in cognitive
functioning aspects of some people. Some of these changes revolve around, social skills, verbal
abilities and to some significant scale human wisdom. Almost all aspects of cognitive changes
tend to diminish with age as opposed to improvements. Healey and Michael 2016 appreciate the
fact that episodic memory in all aspects of human beings encompasses, autobiographical
recalling of context based events and to a large scale abstract reasoning. Declining of cognitive
elements with age is generally disturbing thus there is need to implement advanced approaches
of preventing factors that are associated with diminished memory ability especially among the
aged people in society (Healey and Michael, 2016).
P2 Healey and Michael, (2016), found that the ability to develop and implement
interventions of curbing memory loss factors do require “detailed understanding of how
and why memory changes with age”. The authors have justified the fact that the field of
cognitive aging has been able to describe how aging is associated with changes in
memory. However, this field has not been able to define how and why notable changes of
memory with aging do occur. It is clear that not all memory change does occur uniformly
with age.
P3 Healey and Michael, (2016), found opined that deficit in attention resources
has a significant impact in impairing individual performance that requires effortful
memory such as free recall. The environmental support framework of Craik and
colleagues has numerous assumptions on some of the processes that underlie how
encoding and retrieval of cognitive resources is done. There are various theories and
hypotheses that have been developed by various scholars relating with memory loss and
aging. For example, Associative Deficit Hypothesis was suggested by Narvey Benjamin.
According to this hypothesis, “adults are selectively impaired in the ability to form (or
use) new association”. This hypothesis was based on findings suggesting that aging does
not spare all forms of recognition memory” (Healey and Michael, 2016).
P1 Horhota et al., (2012), found that there are notable differences in the manner in which
young people and adults have developed beliefs on the best ways of mitigating age-related
memory loss. It is true that people tend to have their own beliefs on how to control their memory
loss. Participants in this research process were of the idea that controlling memory loss involves
approaches such as psychological and neurological interventions of controlling the disease
(Horhota et al. 2012).
P2 Horhota et al., (2012), found there are age differences of personal beliefs on how to
control memory loss. For example, majority of young people focus on internal strategies of
controlling memory loss while the aged focus of cognitive aspect of controlling memory loss.
Cognitive exercise is associated with improving physical health thus an effective way of
optimizing memory ability. Both young and the aged view internal and cognitive approaches of
handling memory loss as effective thus end up staying healthy and focused. Therefore, memory
loss is one of the most chronic diseases that should be controlled early enough to avoid more
healthy catastrophes in order to avoid succumbing to chronic physiological stress. Embracing
internal and cognitive approaches of avoiding stress is very paramount in life. There is need to
conduct more research to develop advanced strategies of rectifying this situation (Horhota et al.
2012).
P3 Although there are different classification systems, memory loss generally ranges
from associated memory decline to mild cognitive impairment and dementia (Horhota,
Lineweaver, Ositelu, summers, and Hertzog 2012). Age-associated memory loss is perceived as
the mildest form of impairment of the memory and is characterized by a little decline in shortterm memory whereby the visual-spatial and language abilities are slightly affected. Therefore,
the issue of memory loss is common among the elderly which makes it important for this study
to examine the evidence for the decline in the performance of memory in old age. Many elderly
persons endure the effects of memory loss as a result of early cognitive decline but rarely do they
seek medical attention (Rubin and Umanath 2015).
P1 HülürGizem et al., (2014), found that memory loss in adults is typically
associated with compromised ability of human mind to function properly. Various
scholars have justified the fact that there is relationship between-associations and
memory performance in aged people. However, there is little information about withinperson fluctuations and the symptoms associated memory loss. It is clear that subjective
memory is linked to both within-person differences and between person differences
(HülürGizem et al. 2014).
P2 HülürGizem et al., (2014), found that the degree of subjective memory across
persons does vary with the level of memory performance and all associated symptoms.
The authors justified the fact that subjective memory ratings are more sensitive to within
people’s alterations as compared to between person alterations. Individuals who are more
sensitive to within-person alterations do manifest a lot of depressive symptoms compared
to those individuals who are sensitive to between-person alterations. Normal perception
that aging & memory decline has formed a concrete foundation of understanding
development of subjective perceptions and the symptoms that are associated with
dementia. Research has substantiated the fact that effective memory performance is
linked to appealing subjective reports. Numerous studies conducted on the basis of crosssectional studies have showed that human being manifesting depressive symptoms are
more prone to subjective complaints (HülürGizem et al. 2014).
P3 Another type of memory which declines with normal aging is the source
memory. This makes it difficult for the elderly to recall the source from which they
acquired information. This is supported by studies which required the elderly to listen to
different speakers reading different declarative blocks of statements and found that the
elderly have difficulties in recalling the source of the declarative statements (Hülür,
Hertzog, Pearman, Ram and Gerstorf 2014). The implicit or non-declarative memory
which facilitates learning beyond conscious awareness is less affected by the normal
aging process, especially in comparison to the episodic memory which is affected the
most by the aging process. Non-declarative memory is divided into priming and
procedural memory whereby some items of priming memory are vulnerable to the normal
aging process which lead to memory loss in the elderly.
P1 Koen et al. (2014), found that any form of substantial decline in episodic memory is
characterized by occurrence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Healthy aging is linked to moderate-to-large form of impairments especially among the aged.
There are number of factors which are linked with increased occurrence of such diseases such as
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (Koen et al. 2014).
P2 Koen et al. (2014), found opined that hippocampus is a special region in the
human brain that is responsible for all form of recollection but perirhinal cortex is
responsible for familiarity. Once these regions are affected, then higher chance of
occurrence of dementia are very high. It is such a comprehensive conclusion that
depreciations in individual familiarity are clear litmus paper tests of memory loss;
especially among the aged (Koen et al. 2014).
P3 The loss of memory in the elderly is well documented and widely accepted
(Koen and Yonelinas, 2014). The basic idea is that the reduction in the speed of memory
performance underlies most of the age-related cognitive deficits both directly and
indirectly. Directly, the memory performance behavior in the elderly is inefficient and
slow while indirectly, the timing of a multiplex sequence of memory performance is
disrupted. So basically, the older a person becomes the fasters their memory, they slow
down. They’re not getting the same treatment as to when they were young in order to
keep up. Once you get older it’s hard to keep up with everyday life hobby’s or activities.
III
P1 Mather and Carolyn, (20160, found that Locus Coeruleus do play a huge role of
maintaining perusal cognitive functions. The integrity of Locus Coeruleus does have a
significant role in determining cognitive abilities at late stage of life of human beings. This is
justified by the fact that this region is allergic to all sorts of toxins and all sorts of infection that
do happen. At the age of mid 20s, Alzheimer’s related pathology is evident in some people.
Research has shown that the moment LC is aroused, all form of mental challenges does protect
neurons against any form of mental damage. This is a clear indicator as to why being enrolled in
academic related course do reduce chances cognitive decline at late stages of human life (Mather
& Carolyn, 2016).
P2 Mather and Carolyn, (2016), found I have indicated that decline in cortical and
hippocampal regions do influence cognitive abilities in human beings. On the other hand,
modularity roles do depend on the brainstem of the human brain. As already opined in the
previous articles, the ability to maintain healthy life styles do ensure that human memory
is kept secure from any form of external interference. It is important to ensure that
regions of the brain are not affected in any way to ensure that human memory is kept
constant (Mather & Carolyn, 2016).
P3 Another major framework for memory loss and aging proposes that the elderly
is less efficient when it comes to inhibiting the partially activated representations (Mather
and Harley, 2016). The inhibitory function is important in providing control when
accessing the working memory and thus restricting the access to information relevant to
perform a task. It also facilitates the deletion of information which is not relevant in the
working memory while still restraining the inappropriate responses. Since the elderly are
less efficient in this function, the performance of their memory tends to be reduced.
P1 Mendonca and Alves, (2015), found that the aged are more vulnerable to cognitive
complications. Such individuals are at the risk of progressing to objective cognitive
complications as compared to individuals without cognitive complications (Mendonca and
Alves, 2015). Memory is a critical part of human beings whereby it is the adaptation aspect that
makes one responsive, sentient, and interactional. The loss of memory in the elderly causes them
great worry because it diminishes their consciousness due to the loss of social and psychological
self. The elderly has a poor performance on short-term and long-term memory tasks in
comparison to the younger adults whereby the loss of memory is a component of the normal
aging process (Mendonca and Alves, 2015). There is increasing evidence based on longitudinal
and cross-section studies which support that memory loss in the elderly is inevitable even in the
normal aging process.
P2 Mendonca and Alves, (2015), found subjective cognitive complaints are at
high risk of succumbing to memory loss as compared to those individuals without such
complications. This is caused by the fact those individuals having constant complaints
overwork their brains ending up affecting region that is concerned with memory
(Mendonca and Alves, 2015).
P3 Most of the research I’ve found is on older male adults, not so much women.
Although women suffer from this as well. One of my friend’s grandfathers worked his
entire life, first as a navy sharp shooter, and second as a plumber. He worked so hard that
he got tired mentally, and would always forget to take care of something or what he was
telling someone. In this case he needed some extra help around the house to ensure he
takes his medicine, and other things get done on time. Every time I would visit him he’d
tell me how tired he was and his head was hurting. The headaches could be a part of the
memory loss.
P1 Parsons et al., (2015), found that it is of great importance for the aged people suffering from
mild memory loss to have access to necessary resources. This will help them to be in the better
position of understanding their compromise condition in order to be accorded necessary support
(Parsons et al., 2015). Non-declarative memory is divided into priming and procedural memory
whereby some items of priming memory are vulnerable to the normal aging process which lead to
memory loss in the elderly. Since the different types of memory combine to yield an effective
performance of the memory system, the vulnerability of some types of memory tends to affect the
mental processing of information in old age and hence resulting in memory loss in the old age.
(Parsons, Surprenant, Tracey and Godwin 2013). This further supports that there is a decline in
cognitive tasks among the elderly.
P2 Parsons et al., (2015), found that a good number of elders are living with
memory loss on their own without any form of assistance. Age memory is loss is
perceived to be mildest form of memory complication. This poses a stressing scenario
thus there is need to accord such people necessary support to enable them stay healthy
(Parsons et al., 2015).
P3 I believe this theory is important because if a person is isolated and never
socializes with others it can affect their memory. `As I stated earlier in this essay my
grandmother had a problem with her memory. Most of the time she was alone and hardly
heard from anyone, and had no treatment. If a person doesn’t have conversations to
exercise the brain, it is easy to say the brain can loss cells. At a point before she was
taken to the nursing home, she had a hard time communicating with my aunts and uncles.
P1 Rubin and Sharda, …
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
How it works
- Paste your instructions in the instructions box. You can also attach an instructions file
- Select the writer category, deadline, education level and review the instructions
- Make a payment for the order to be assignment to a writer
- Download the paper after the writer uploads it
Will the writer plagiarize my essay?
You will get a plagiarism-free paper and you can get an originality report upon request.
Is this service safe?
All the personal information is confidential and we have 100% safe payment methods. We also guarantee good grades