Expert answer:See the description- annoted bibliography

Solved by verified expert:I will be attaching my unit 8 assignment, please use the references on these for this assignment, and the thesis is tat the bottom of the first phararagh on the Unit 8 assignment.For this Assignment, you will create an Annotated Bibliography for four sources related to an argument for change. One of the sources should address an opposing viewpoint or misconception related to your topic. Your instructor will provide insightful feedback on the sources you find so you can determine whether to use them in the Unit 8 Assignment, a persuasive research essay.The following aspects are required for your Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Title page in APA manuscript format. Your revised thesis statement for an argument for change in your community or workplace. Four primary and secondary sources; one source should be a periodical or ebook, preferably from the Library. Sources that would be appropriate are as follows: Book, ebook, article, or a chapter from book or ebook Periodical (e.g., newspaper, magazine, journal article) Internet source (e.g., blog, organization website, article from Internet site) Video or audio source (e.g., documentary, video blog, TED Talks , podcast) A primary source in which the authors of the content are the primary researchers (the ones who conducted research), e.g., a government report, case study, or speech At least one source should address an opposing viewpoint or misconception. APA citation for each source (this is the information you would normally include on a references page). Annotation for each source, which must include each of the following in a full paragraph: Brief summary of the source (no direct quotes from the source) and a parenthetical citation after the summary, e.g., (Smith, 2014) Evaluation of the source’s credibility, including the author’s credentials and the verifiability of the source’s information; this should include where you found the source Library, Google search engine, government website, etc.) Discussion about the source’s usefulness to your argument for change in your community or workplace All writing must be in Standard American English. Use APA manuscript format throughout the Assignment.
cm220_unit_8_assignment_sentellechristina.docx

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Running head: Improving Communication Barrier in Health Care
Improving Communication Barriers in the Health Care
Christina Sentelle
Kaplan University
Professor Tsagarsi
October 14th, 2017
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
Improving Communication Barriers in Health Care
Introduction
It is no doubt that communication between a patient and a doctor constitutes to healthcare
service. Thus, irrespective of whether the health caregiver eventually provides medically
acceptable treatment or a correct diagnosis, the patient has not been given an equal chance to take
part in health care services if they are unable to successfully communicate medically important
information with the medical personnel. It is not conclusive that the patient received the muchneeded treatment which would have been attained even if he or she was not deaf. This implies that
deaf people have the right to take part in their care with the same degree as those who can hear,
this includes receiving and conveying medical information from other hospitals and doctors.
The outcome of the treatment is not as important as being able to understand the treatment
process. The existing barriers to the delivery of healthcare service have been overcome using live
person interpretation in some cases and the use of video remote interpretation. The paper seeks to
distinguish between a live person interpreter and a video remote interpreter, which works best in
helping deaf patients take part in the delivery of their care. The supply, as well as the quality of
deaf interpretation services should be improved in US hospitals to boost communication in
healthcare provision for deaf patients or patients with hearing impairment as well as to enhance a
better patient-doctor relationship.
Video Remote Interpretation
Video remote interpretation is the provision of qualified interpretation services to guarantee
effective communication with people who are unable to hear. It employs the video conferencing
technology to offer interpreter services, often situated in call centers or at different locations. Video
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
Remote Interpreter (VRI) is beneficial because it provides communication that is instant. It
eliminates the long waiting times in live-saving situations that deaf people have to experience
while waiting for an interpreter in a remote area. VRI is also very convenient and can be adopted
in times of emergency while a live interpreter is being sought (Wilson & Schild, 2014).
VRI is not short of drawbacks as it faces huge differences in regional signs this means that
interpreters from one area may use one sign that is interpreted differently by another one. Another
challenge is that many interpreters are concentrated in one location thus creating a shortage of
freelance interpreters to satisfy the personal demands when called upon. There some patients who
have ended up being misdiagnosed because of VRI. The services of a video remote interpreter
vary in terms of quality. This is of the major causes of misdiagnosis. With VRI, the competency
of an interpreter cannot be ascertained and thus leading to doubts in the quality of service being
provided. VRIs is often coupled with issues such as freezing screens, firewall and even low pixel,
therefore, flawing the whole process (Ramos et al., 2014). Deaf patients have the liberty of using
good faith judgment to refuse inadequate video interpreter services (Greene, 2013). In an incident
in 2004 at Kingwood Hospital, Ferndale, Henry Ford was charged with a fine of $70000 for failing
to provide effective interpreters of sign language to a deaf patient. VRI has led to the re-evaluation
of the regulations that which control how pharmacies, physicians, and hospitals provide
interpretation services to the hard of hearing and the deaf (Greene, 2013).
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
Live Person Interpretation
Live person interpretation in healthcare service provision is where the deaf or a hard on
hearing patient has a one on one interaction with an interpreter during the provision of the service.
The mode has many merits and some limitations. One of the major advantages of healthcare
providers gain by providing the services of a live person interpreter is that they are able to receive
50% tax exemption on every deaf patient they serve. This is in accordance to the American with
Disabilities Act and the Internal Revenue Service. This helps in the reduction of costs associated
with the employment of the services of a live person interpreter. In cases where information is
complex and needs an extensive explanation, live person is always preferable. This can be
instances that involve multifaceted medical procedures where benefits or risks need to be fully
comprehended by the patient.
The nature of information is also crucial in determining the mode of interpretation. For
instance, end of life decisions or information can only be effectively delivered in a live person
interpretation. There are interpretations sessions that call for the use of visual cues such as body
language and thus make live person interpretation a preferred mode. A Florida woman by the name
Margaret Weiss, sued her local hospital, Bethesda Hospital East, for giving her a VRI instead of a
live person interpreter in the delivery chamber. She asserts that VRI is not enough in such times
(The Mighty, 2015). The National Association for the Deaf is of the view that, live person
interpreters are more likely to offer communication that is effective as opposed to VRI. This is
because they have a great access to auditory and visual signs as well as the information in such
contexts are physically flexible, do not encounter technological glitches and are in a position to
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
quickly respond to events that may arise as regards to communication (National Association of the
Deaf, 2017).
Challenges are not an exception with live person interpretations as it sometimes
compromises confidentiality. This can be the case in places where there is a rare language that has
a very small local population which understand that language. In such occasions, the interpreter
and the patient might know each other and thus jeopardize confidentiality. Live person
interpretation is costly since the session are sometimes brief therefore individuals choose to go for
VRI.
Conclusion
The two modalities have benefits and provide alternatives which a health caregiver needs
to put into consideration when making a choice of the modality to adopt but simply put, live
person interpretation is more advantageous compared to video remote interpretation in as much
as it is subject to limitations. Generally, live person interpretation services are not faced with
many of the challenges experienced in VRI and as such, VRI should only be a choice when live
person interpretations are not accessible. In so doing, the healthcare will be in line with the
American Disability Act stipulated directive, that healthcare programs and services should offer
effective communication for patients, family, and visitors who suffer impaired hearing or are
deaf. There is an urgent need to improve the quality of sign language interpretation services in
the US healthcare systems. Due to increasing demand for sign language interpreters in US
hospitals, there is a need to ensure that hired interpreters meet a certain threshold of quality
interpretation (Pöchhacker, 2016). Diamond (2016) also documented the sudden increase in sign
language interpreters interested in specializing in medicine ranking it as second overall in
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
popularity among interpreters. Despite this massive exodus to the medical field, there is still no
framework or qualification standards set for medical interpreters as the case is in other
professions, such as law.
Enhanced communication will help improve patient-doctor relationship as that will
improve healthcare for the deaf and hence cut down on the number of lawsuits against doctors.
There has been a sharp rise in the number of lawsuits filed against doctors by deaf patients in the
last ten years, in fact, there have been more than 10 cases in the state of Minnesota alone
(Improving Healthcare: Specialization for Sign Language Interpreters, 2017). All these cases are
related to poor communication improvable with the help of deaf and sign language interpreters.
Critics of this move argue that poor healthcare provision to the deaf rely on the
competence of the doctor rather than the quality of communication. I will, however, argue to
disclaim this line of thinking since most of these doctors have never received any lawsuits from
patients with adequate hearing ability. (Pöchhacker, F.2016). There are few pending cases out there
on lawsuits, but here is one of an example that has been settled in Texas where this couple sued
he hospital for failing to provide effective communication for their daughter who had cancer.
https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdtx/pr/doctors-hospital-agrees-settle-claim-alleging-failure-provideeffective-communication
Healthcare today affects every stage of life whether for the physically fit individual or the
disabled. We are all healthcare consumers’ right from the beginning of our lives to the day we
die. One rapidly growing concern in healthcare however, is interpretation for the deaf based on
the recommendations of Joint Commission of 2008. There has also been an increase in the
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
number of lawsuits filed by deaf patients against doctors which is a sign of inadequate health
provision to this group of people. It is therefore high time to improve the supply as well as
quality of health interpretation services to improve healthcare provision to the deaf community
(Pöchhacker, 2016).
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Running head: Improving Communication Barriers in Health care
References:
GREENE, J. (2013). Deaf community backs stiffer regs for interpreters. Crain’s Detroit
Business, 29(48), 0001.
The Mighty. (2015). Why This Deaf Woman Is Suing the Hospital Where She Plans to Give
Birth. [Online]. Retrieved from https://themighty.com/2015/06/margaret-weissdeafwoman-sues-hospital-where-she-plans-to-give-birth/
National Association of the Deaf. (2017). Position Statement on VRI Services in Hospitals.
[Online] Retrieved from https://www.nad.org/about-us/position-statements/position-statementon-vri-services-in-hospitals/
Pöchhacker, F. (2016). Introducing interpreting studies. Routledge.
R. (2013, July 29). Improving Healthcare: Specialization for Sign Language Interpreters.
Retrieved October 06, 2017, from https://www.streetleverage.com/2013/07/improvinghealthcare-specialization-for-sign-language-interpreters/
Ramos, R., Davis, J. L., Antolino, P., Sanz, M., Grant, C. G., & Green, B. L. (2014). Language
and communication services: a cancer center perspective. Diversity & Equality in
Health and Care.
Wilson, J. A., & Schild, S. (2014). Provision of mental health care services to deaf individuals
using telehealth. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(5), 324-331.
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