Expert answer:Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft
Solved by verified expert:Details:Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the Topic 1, 2, and 3 assignments and the guidelines below.PICOT Statement PICOT statement .PICOT stands for:Population/ Patient Problem: Who is your patient? (Disease or Health status, age, race, sex)Intervention: What do you plan to do for the patient? What is a
nursing intervention and a comparison?Comparison: What is the alternative to your plan? (ie. No treatment, different type of treatment, etc.)Outcome: What outcome do you seek? Needs
to be a measurable nursing outcomeTime: What is the time frame? (This element is not always included.)Research CritiquesIn the Quantative and Qualitatitve assignments you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique. Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of the study by making appropriate revisions.The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT statement.Refer to “Research Critique Guidelines.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper.Proposed Evidence-Based Practice ChangeDiscuss the link between the PICOT statement, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
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Research Critique Guidelines
To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted,
address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the
quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.
Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples,
or reference content from the study in your responses.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study:
•
Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not
known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health
care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
•
How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should
the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of
treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
•
Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or
may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
•
List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not
explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
•
Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?
Method of Study:
•
Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?
•
Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so,
what was it?
•
Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study?
What other types of literature did the author include?
•
Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies
older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older
qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.
•
Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?
•
Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?
•
When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher
may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a
framework developed from the study findings?
Results of Study
•
What were the study findings?
•
What are the implications to nursing?
•
Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact
practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?
Ethical Considerations
•
Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
•
Was patient privacy protected?
•
Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?
Conclusion
•
Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
•
Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting
impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
•
Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the
findings to nursing practice.
•
Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.
2
Quantitative Study
Background of Study:
•
Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not
known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health
care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
•
How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should
the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of
treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
•
Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or
may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
•
List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not
explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
•
Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?
Methods of Study
•
Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there
benefits or risks the authors do not identify?
•
Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?
•
Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?
•
Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was
conducted?
•
Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined?
What were these variables?
•
How were data collected in this study?
•
What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?
•
Identify the time period for data collection of the study.
•
Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.
•
Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.
•
Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the
author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the
analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?
•
What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences
and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and
compare their analyses?
3
Results of Study
•
What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?
•
Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the
findings?
•
What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?
•
Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?
•
What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the
findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to
a specific area of nursing?
•
What suggestions are made for further studies?
Ethical Considerations
•
Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
•
Was patient privacy protected?
•
Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?
Conclusion
•
Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
•
Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting
impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
•
Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the
findings to nursing practice.
•
Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.
Reference
Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO:
Elsevier.
4
Running head: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
Qualitative Research Critique
Binoy Joseph
Grand Canyon University: Introduction To Nursing Research
October 23, 2017
1
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
2
Qualitative Research Critique
Background of Study
The study discussed the increase in Diabetes mellitus (DM) condition among the Sri
Lanka population. Changes in eating habits, increased consumption of inorganic foods, and
inadequate physical exercises are among the common factors that increase the diabetes mellitus
condition in developing countries. Understanding nutritional therapist and guidelines by
institutions such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA) could improve the management
and outcomes of the DM condition. The study aims at analyzing the level of understanding about
diet and physical exercise among the adults suffering from diabetes mellitus condition in Sri
Lanka. The researcher aimed at answering the following specific research questions which
affirms the purpose of the study:
1. What are the main reasons causing an increase in the current level of diabetes condition
in the South Asian region?
2. What are the essential components for managing type-2 diabetes?
3. What are the effects of economic and social development on diabetes levels in Sri Lanka?
4. What are the types of physical exercises efficient for managing diabetes condition?
5. How do socio-cultural issues impact on the increase in diabetes in Sri Lanka?
The study will contribute to theory building on the concept of diabetes mellitus in Sri
Lanka and used as a theoretical reference for formulation of strategies and policies for the
management of the diabetes mellitus condition. The study is also significant in the reduction of
the increased number of population affected with the condition. Information from the research is
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
3
useful in the reduction of government expenditure in developing countries on the management of
the diabetes mellitus.
Method of Study
The qualitative research methods were effective in answering the research questions since
the use of open-ended semi-structured questions provided uniformity of the results from the
different research groups. Qualitative studies are also important in the generation of evidence
during formulation of dietary guidelines. The specific perspective identified by the researcher in
the study is that knowledge and perception on diet and physical exercise impacts on the
management of the DM among adults in Sri Lanka. The author used different qualitative and
quantitative to explain the concept of the impact of diet and physical exercise on the diabetes
levels. For example, the study cited Global Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetes in South Asians
journals to explain the determinants of the type 2 diabetes.
The study used both current and older references to explain the main topic of research.
Some of the qualitative references are older than five years old. The author identified the limiting
factors and weaknesses of the available studies. For example, he indicated that different studies
on minority communities identified social issues such as inadequate organic foods and
availability of fast foods contribute to diabetes among adults. However, the studies do not
discuss the incorporation of the social issues in the management of diabetes condition. There is
also lack of clarity and variations regarding the dietary practices for people with DM. The sizes
and frequency of meals also differ from one study to the next. The author reviewed different
studies to develop the concept of knowledge and perception about physical exercise and dietary
among adults with diabetes. The studies explained how diabetes management among the adults is
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
4
managed through physical exercise and dietary practices. The researcher developed framework
from the findings. The author grouped the collected data into different elements relating to
dietary perceptions and physical exercise hence forming new concepts and categories.
Results of Study
The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents have knowledge in the
importance of diet in managing the diabetes mellitus condition. However, social circumstances
were the main hindrances to the adoption of this knowledge in their daily lives. It was also
evident that 64% of the participants indicated that they have a list of what comprises of “good
and bad foods” in the management of diabetes. The study showed that majority of the population
indicated white starch, fruits, and milk products are among the foods considered as bad in the
management of DM. They had a perception that good foods should be consumed frequently
whereas bad foods should not be consumed at all. Few participants indicated the importance of
taking meals on time. Only 13 participants showed that reduction in the quantity of diet is
important in glycemic control. 72% of the population was of the idea that high consumption of
sugar and sweeteners were the main causes of diabetes hence the reduction in their consumption.
Even though the majority of the respondents had knowledge on the importance of
physical exercises on the reduction of diabetes, they did not have knowledge of the specific
duration and timing of the physical exercise. Majority of the respondents indicated that the
preferred physical exercise activity was walking with no specific time period for the exercise.
Cycling activity was majorly present in male population as compared to the female participants.
There were 19 respondents who showed that the effects of diabetes such as becoming weak were
the barriers to effective engagement in the physical activity. Nurses have to determine the
5
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
physical activities to prescribe to the patients with such conditions. It was also evident from the
study that different participants had the perception foods such as Fenugreek Seeds and curry
leaves help in the management of the blood sugar levels. Nurses should encourage the patients to
adhere to their dosage despite the use of the foods.
Ethical Considerations
The study obtained an informed consent from each participant in the study after
explanation of all the relevant information on the purpose and processes of the research process.
The researcher indicated that the purpose of the information from the research process will be
used only for the purpose of the study hence assuring the participants of the confidentiality of
their data. Participants were given time to think before they agree to participate in the study after
making inquiries and clarification on the research. Also, the study obtained ethical approval from
the Ethics Review Committee Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. The institution
obtained approval from the National Hospital of Sri Lanka.
Conclusion
The study concludes that majority of the respondents with diabetes mellitus condition are
aware of the use of dietary and physical exercises in managing the condition. However, lack of
applicability may be attributed to inadequate information provided by healthcare personnel. For
example, the healthcare practitioner may only inform diabetes patients on the importance of
physical exercises in managing the DM condition but may not explain to the patient the
frequency and types of physical exercises to practice. Also, there is inadequate information on
the combination of foods that are essential in the management of diabetes condition. There is a
need for scientific research to provide more evidence on the perception of “good foods” that are
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
considered efficient in the management of the diabetes conditions. The research should indicate
the level of reliability of such foods in the reduction of the DM condition. Healthcare
professionals’ decisions and report and social understandings of the people in the community
have created myths regarding diabetes and diet. Scientific proof is essential to indicate the
validity of these myths in the management of diabetes. Complications have an impact on the
patient’s dietary preferences and knowledge.
6
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
References
Ranasinghe, P., Pigera, A. S. A. D., Ishara, M. H., Jayasekara, L. M. D. T., Jayawardena, R., &
Katulanda, P. (2015). Knowledge and perceptions about diet and physical activity among
Sri Lankan adults with diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study. BMC public health, 15(1),
1160.
Binoy, you did a great critique of this article. You need to explain how the study was
conducted. Also include a thesis statement. Your nursing implications were well stated. Good
work! Linn
Running head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
2
Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Background of Study
The increase in HbA1c over several months increases the diabetes complications.
Appropriate interventions and regulation of the glucose variability could at great extent reduce
the diabetes complications. The understanding of the components of dysglycemia could be used
in the improvement of healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. The variation in glucose leads
to increased generation of proteins glycation and oxidative. The lack of sufficient tools to
determine disturbances in glucose variability is the main reason for the different findings on the
concept of variation in glucose and the outcome of patients hence making the study significant.
Majority of the diseases are associated with the loss of complexity in the output of the system.
The complexity of temperature curve and the clinical outcome have an inverse relationship in
patients who are critically ill.
The presence of pharmacological agents weakens the instability of glucose through
postprandial glucose excursions. Lifestyle interventions are a major factor in the treatment of
diabetic complications. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to determine the role that single
exercise play in variation ofglucose levels of patients with diabetes. The author used two
concepts to explainthe variability; aerobic and combination between aerobics and resistance
exercises (COMB). Some of the specific questions that the study strived to answer include the
following;
1. What are the factors that cause glucose instability?
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
3
2. What is the effect of exercise on the variability in sugar level in type 2 diabetes patient?
3. What is the impact of different exercise modalities on glucose variability?
4. What is the impact of meals on sugar variability among type 2 diabetes patients?
5. What methods are used in the determination of variations in glucose?
The above research questions were aimed at providing a critical analysis of the purpose of the
study.
Methods of Study
The study obtained the approval for data collection from Ethics in Research Committee at
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Furthermore, the study issued all the participants with a
written formal consent and explained the purpose of the study to the patients. The author
indicated that the importance of participation in the study is the engagement in at least two
exercises AER or COMB which are essential for the combating of type 2 diabetes. The study
identified the independent variable as Aerobic and Combined Exercise Sessions and the
dependent variable as glucose variability. Aerobic and Combined Exercise refers to the different
physical exercise sessions performed at different time intervals. Glucose variability is the change
in the glucose levels in persons having diabetic complications. The study used crossover
randomized design in evaluating the 14 patients selected for the study having diabetes. The
participants were required to perform aerobics and COMB sessions during morning hours and
for at least 7 days apart. The article evaluated the variability in glucose using both the
conventional like glucose standard deviation and variance and non-conventional methods such as
symbolic analysis. The questionnaire was the most efficient data collection tool for the study
because of its ability to allow respondents to answer the questions over the time period of 7 days.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
4
The questionnaires also had the ability to produce repeatable and comparable data both long and
short forms. The study used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 8.0 for
statistical analysis. Data was presented using mean and interquartile range. The study research
used multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction to reduce the effects of researcher biases.
Results of Study
The reduction in glucose levels due to the different exercises is as a result of the
increased insulin sensitivity due to muscle contractions. The insulin sensitivity is as a result of
increased GLUT4 protein. All these factors are present after physical exercise and could last for
over 16 hours. Consumption of food with a high concentration of carbohydrates and
development of glycogen super compensation impacts negatively on the responsiveness of
insulin. The researcher identified that the reduct …
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