Expert answer:Literature Review–Risks to Data Integrity

Solved by verified expert:Hello,I would need your help to write Literature Review for the topic Risks to Data Integrity. I have attached the sample paper for your reference. The paper must include the below1. How server hardware failures are compromising the database data integrity? 2. Database storage’s impact on the data (please include Silent Data Corruption and Latent Sector Errors)3. How data design will impact the data integrity (like integrity constraints in a database and so on)The paper needs to be in APA format with scholarly references not older than 10 years. Please let me know if you have any further questions.Thanks!
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Example of a Literature Review
Graduate
The review of literature suggests that business employers are not satisfied with the
attributes and skills of MBA graduates. Many writers even question if there is a need for an
MBA degree at present (Cheit, 1985; Hahs, 1999; Pfeffer & Fong, 2002). Previous empirical
research and studies found a mismatch between what is being taught in MBA programs and the
attributes and skills that employers desire these graduates to have (Burkey, 2002; Ferketich,
1998; Mardeusz, 1995; Shuayto, 2001).
The literature review revealed that although a need for more “soft skills” from business
graduates are desired by employers, in general the traditional curriculum of MBA programs
produces theoretical and analytical number crunchers and may not be adequate in developing
these soft skills. Although there has been an attempt to add “soft” courses such as human
resource management and leadership to the MBA programs, the quantitative nature of the MBA
degree and the AACSB standards leave little room for adding those courses (Crainer &
Dearlove, 1999; Eberhardt & Moser, 1997; Jenkins, Reizenstein, & Rodgers, 1984).
Developing a list of attributes and skills businesses desire in business school graduates
has been the purpose of many studies. For example; Bower (1997), Capowski (1994), Eisner
(1998), and Kotter (1990) all developed lists of those attributes graduates need to succeed in
business. These attributes like commitment, intelligence, and integrity may or may not be
developed through formal education. Other studies (Gabric & McFadden, 2001; Tanyel,
Mitchell, & McAlum, 1999; Oblinger & Verville, 1998) addressed the skills needed to succeed
in business. These skills-based studies suggest communication, interpersonal, teamwork,
decision-making, and problem-solving are those most needed in business. The studies also
suggest that students are not learning or developing these skills in business schools.
Example of a Literature Review
Graduate
The criticisms of the MBA are not new. They began in the early 1900’s after the first
business schools were developed. Professors from more traditional academic fields criticized
business programs as too “trade” oriented which resulted in business schools developing a more
research based curriculum over the years (Cheit, 1985). The current curriculum is more
academically respected (Porter & McKibbin, 1988), but now critics claim business schools are
too research based and that what is taught is not practical for the business environment (Polito,
Berry, & Watson, 2003). Pfeffer and Fong (2002) reviewed the empirical evidence on what
business schools actually do and found that “the impact of business school research…appears to
be quite small, and this is true even when research produced by business school professors is
compared with business research conducted by writers not in business schools” (p.80)
It is interesting that while many like Pfeffer and Fong (2002); and Doria, Rozanski, and
Cohen (2003) question the need for the MBA, others like Buford (1997) affirm the MBA is one
of the most valuable post-graduate degrees to have. No matter which position is taken, there are
still 900 Master of Business Administration programs offered by American universities (Pfeffer
& Fong) and if these programs want to remain competitive, according to Schatz (1997a) and
others, they need to add softer courses (less analytical) such as leadership and team building.
As was mentioned, organizations like the AACSB set the accreditation standards for
business schools. In the past, the AACSB listed specific courses which should be included in the
MBA program curriculum (Accreditation, 2003). “All MBA programs feature a core curriculum
that focuses on the major business disciplines: finance, management, accounting, marketing,
manufacturing, decision sciences, economics, and organizational behavior” (The B-School,
2001). These AACSB standards did not prevent business schools from adding the soft courses
but, in the interest of keeping required courses to a minimum and remaining competitive with
Example of a Literature Review
Graduate
other business schools, business school administrators were more than likely hesitant to add
additional courses consequently the soft-skills often lost out.
The value of the MBA degree in developing the students’ skills such as leadership and
communication has been debated in the literature for over 15 years. Cheit (1985) characterized
MBA programs as being highly analytical and perhaps being the blame for some of the failures
of business in the 1980’s. Cheit also identified a need for leadership education in MBA programs
and Porter and McKibbin (1988) examined management education for the 21st century. Schatz
(1997) also questioned why leadership wasn’t being taught in MBA programs, and more recently
Mintzberg and Lampel (2001) report that the MBA is not required to succeed in business and
that other graduate programs may do as well. Schneider (2002) suggested that a specialized
Master’s degree may be a better option to an MBA.
The literature clearly indicates that business employers are dissatisfied with the skills the
current MBA graduates possess (Pfeffer & Fong, 2002; Schneider, 2002). If these employers are
correct, a different type of program curriculum, other than the traditional MBA is needed to
prepare students with the skills needed in business today (Takala & Hawk, 2000). Besides the
business savvy that MBA graduates develop in school, they need an array of abilities such as
problem-solving, communication, and team-building skills (Menagh, 1999).
Adding courses that are less analytical such as courses in team building and
communication is one alternative business schools have to correct the problem. Business
employers also have the option of recruiting from a pool other than MBA graduates, like MSOL
graduates, who have been exposed to a curriculum in which leadership and team building skills
are developed (Keenan & Parikh, 1999).
Example of a Literature Review
Graduate
Purpose of the Study
As evidenced in the present literature review, many researchers have identified the
attributes and skills business employers and experts consider important to succeed in business.
While the MBA degree continues to attract high enrollment, many critics agree it does not
adequately prepare graduates for the skills desired by businesses today. Others, like COMPAS
(2003), Mintzberg and Lampel (2001), and Schneider (2002) believed that there are alternative
degrees that may better prepare graduates for today’s business environment. But few researchers,
if any, have attempted to determine if one of these alternative degree programs, like the MSOL
degree, develop these attributes and skills the experts and business employers have identified as
important.
This study examined the perceptions of MBA and MSOL students to determine which
program of study, the MBA and MSOL students perceived as best developing the attributes and
skills employers and experts have determined as important to succeed in business. The present
study focuses on three populations: MBA students, MSOL students, and employers. The MSOL
and MBA students participating in the present study are from business schools in the AtlanticNortheast region of United States that have completed at least two-thirds of their degree program
requirements. Human Resource Managers from businesses across the United States were used as
the employer population.
…
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