Expert answer:Human computer interaction
Solved by verified expert:Answer the following from Chapter 6.At present, the drive to use Big Data to define or enhance corporate strategies seems to be a global business trend. State an example of where this data can improve a business, focusing on user interface aspects.Review the iOS Human Interface Guidelines in the iOS Developer Library at: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. a) select one guideline that makes perfect sense and seems easy to incorporate into a design, and b) select another guideline that is much less clear requiring further explanation or analysis to incorporate into a design.
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CHAPTER 6:
Design Case Studies
Designing the User Interface:
Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Sixth Edition
Ben Shneiderman, Catherine Plaisant,
Maxine S. Cohen, Steven M. Jacobs, and Niklas Elmqvist
in collaboration with
Nicholas Diakopoulos
Addison Wesley
is an imprint of
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Design Case Studies
Topics
1. Introduction
2. Case Study 1: Iterative Design Evaluation of
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
3. Case Study 2: Design Consistency at Apple
Computer
4. Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at Volvo
5. General Observations and Summary
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-2
Introduction
• This chapter’s case studies present design
contexts and applications to let readers see how
tradeoffs and choices are made.
• The case studies were chosen to cover this
book’s design methods (see Chapter 4).
• The case studies are valuable for encapsulating
design learning and showing the challenges of a
design context.
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-3
Case Study 1: Iterative Design Evaluation
of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
• The scope of this Case Study is physical ATMs
an example of which appears below:
• What human-computer interface issues need to be addressed to
begin the case study, e.g. specific input-output expectations, task
knowledge, domain knowledge, user characterization, etc.?
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
1-4
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Case Study 1: Iterative Design Evaluation
of ATMs (continued)
Visualize the statistical data that can be captured
from this usability “experiment”:
• Time to complete entire tasks over a statistically significant set of
ATMs
• Time expended for these ATM steps or “subtasks”:
1.
2.
3.
Entrance into ATM (approach ATM, read instructions to get started, insert card,
enter PIN, continue following prompted instructions)
Enter commands to make withdrawal, and
Receive cash, optional receipt, and card returned (with the preferred goal of
leaving a positive balance in the account).
• Objective and subjective user feedback and contextual observation
regarding user performance of the above ATM steps.
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
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Case Study 1: Iterative Design Evaluation
of ATMs (concluded)
Add additional requirements and technology to
further complicate your analysis:
• Use eye-tracker data to further analyze the product
• Consider accessibility (universal usability) issues
• Consider user profile issues, e.g. is this the first time this
user is using an ATM by herself?
• Perform some beta and/or market tests?
• Are there other stresses such as a looming time deadline
or a safety issue?
• Discussion item: anything else that would
add more complexity to this case study?
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-6
Case Study 2: Design Consistency at
Apple Computer
See the iOS Human Interface Guidelines in the iOS
Developer Library
Here are some sample guidelines:
– Take advantage of the whole screen
– Reconsider visual indicators of physicality and realism
– Let translucent user interface elements hint at the content behind
them
– Let color simplify the user interface
– Ensure legibility by using the system fonts
– Use depth to communicate
There are guidelines for icons and image design, iOS
technologies, user interface elements, and more.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
1-7
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Case Study 2: Design Consistency at
Apple Computer (continued)
• Note the application of these UI guidelines to Apple’s
KeynoteTM product
• Keynote has presentation development tools, graphics
and toolbars for rapid generation of presentations
• See what Keynote can do at:
http://www.apple.com/ios/keynote/
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-8
Case Study 2: Design Consistency at
Apple Computer (continued)
Sample Keynote display with help text:
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6-9
Case Study 2: Design Consistency at
Apple Computer (continued)
Next see how the UI guidelines apply to the these iPhone
mail screens:
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6-10
Case Study 2: Design Consistency at
Apple Computer (concluded)
• Rapid device technology improvements (lighter weight,
faster, more colors, more pixels, improved throughput,
etc.) result in a constant re-evaluation of the user
interface and improvements of the guidelines applied
• The principles discussed in this text also hold true in this
case study:
–
–
–
–
universal usability
guidelines based on principles and theory
Iterative, user-centered design processes
a keen appreciation of the user experience and of style
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-11
Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at
Volvo
• Volvo’s Big Data service provides a terrific example of a
case study with Big Data analytics used in the corporate
world that contains a strong user-interface design
component.*
• Taking huge data sets of Volvo truck service data and
essentially prototyping the analysis output that could be
performed worked successfully to identify the needed
data in useful formats.
*Wozniak, P., Valton, R., and Fjeld, M., “Volvo Single View of Vehicle: Building a Big Data Service from Scratch in the Automotive Industry”, CHI EA ’15:
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, 2015, pp. 671-678.
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-12
Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at
Volvo (continued)
• A multi-disciplinary, cross-organizational stakeholder
team developed this low-fidelity prototype:
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-13
Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at
Volvo (continued)
• Through a series of refinements, this prototype evolved
into something useful for all concerned:
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-14
Case Study 3: Data-Driven Design at
Volvo (concluded)
• The performers of the study learned to first identify sources of
data, while empowering the stakeholders of the data to choose
what data they could use (and how) in order to get their jobs
done.
– The final result was corporate Big Data policies that led to stakeholdercustomizable report formats to better improve internal corporate
communication and decision-making.
• What was essentially a process for developing a Big Data
analysis strategy, service design and supporting tools for a
company to use to increase internal communication and
profitability, turned out to apply methods and processes
taken from the world of user experience design and
designing user interfaces!
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© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
6-15
Case Study General Observations
• These case studies are “a tip of the iceberg” in what can
be accomplished by designers of user interface systems
• The case studies were chosen strategically to highlight
design contexts, various applications, and incremental
continuous improvement
– The ATM design example illustrated where what may have started out as a
relative straightforward task turned into a methodical study of how to improve a
user interface to the machines were not only accepted but embraced by banking
customers
– The Apple Guidelines case study shows one company’s approach to a consistent,
easy-to-to use style for all the company’s products and iOS-enabled devices
– The Volvo study shows how following a good user interface design process can
result in a successful conclusion with a large, data-intensive problem
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