Expert answer:Federal Criminal Justice Policies

Solved by verified expert:Select a policy from the list of examples found in Chapter 1 of Criminal Justice Policy in Table 1.1 “Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies” (Mallicoat, 2014) which is listed below.Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Policies Controlled Substances Act (Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970) – Regulated themanufacturing, importation, possession, and use of controlled substances (both legal and illegal). Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 – Regulates the over-the-counter sale of medicinal productscontaining ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (products typically found in cold medications andused to manufacture methamphetamine). Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 – Enacted mandatory minimum sentences for drug possession. Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 – Changed the sentencing ratio between crack cocaine and powder cocaine to 1 to 18(previously a 1 to 100 ratio). Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (Comprehensive Crime Control Act) – Created sentencing structure for Federaloffenses, established the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and abolished Federal parole. Sex Offender (Jacob Wetterling) Act of 1994 – Requires convicted sex offenders to notify policy of changes to residencyand employment status. Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 – Organizes sex offenders into a 3-tier system and mandatestimelines for registration based on tier. Creates a national sex offender registry and provides for the civil commitmentfor sexually dangerous persons. U.S. Patriot Act (2001) – Expanded the power of police agencies to gather intelligence data on terrorism suspects, andbroadened discretionary powers to detain and deport immigrants suspected of terrorism. Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 – Enhanced criminal punishments for Federal fraud laws, includingmortgage fraud, securities fraud, commodities fraud, and fraud by financial institutions. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 – Deinstitutionalized status offenders, provided forseparation from youth and adult inmates, and required the states to review disproportionate minority confinement.Created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the National Institute for JuvenileJustice and Delinquency Prevention (NIJJDP). Reauthorized six times (1977, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, and 2002) withadditional provisions, such as addressing gender bias, an emphasis on prevention and treatment, familystrengthening, graduate sanctions, risk and needs assessments, and funding provisions. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 – Largest crime bill in history. Includes: Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 (banned the manufacturing of all fully automatic firearms and selectedsemi-automatic firearms, as well as high capacity ammunition magazines) Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 (increased the number of federal crimes that are eligible for the death penalty) Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (provided funding for the prosecution of offenders of crimes of domesticviolence, imposed mandatory restitution, and created opportunities for civil remedies for victims. Reauthorizedin 2000 and 2005) Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program of 2000 (provided funding to implement communitypolicing programs in jurisdictions nationwide)After selecting one of the criminal justice policies as identified by Mallicoat, evaluate it based on one of the models identified in The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice, and explain your conclusions based on your evaluation of the current criminal justice system. In your examination of the policy process, determine if the policy under review is symbolic or substantive. Finally, determine the major goal and secondary goal of the policy based on Box 2.1 “Major Goals of the Criminal Justice System,” in The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice (Marion & Oliver, 2012) which is listed below.Major Goals of the Criminal Justice SystemDeterrence The philosophy that crime can be prevented before it occurs through the threat of criminalsanctions. General deterrence initiatives, such as increased penalties for drunk driving, areaimed at deterring would-be law violators, whereas specific deterrence measures apply tothose already convicted and are imposed to deter any further criminal conduct.Incapacitation The policy of incarcerating dangerous law violators to eradicate their potential for committingadditional offenses. Collective incapacitation refers to locking all persons up convicted of agiven crime, such as armed robbery. Selective incapacitation, on the other hand, concernsenhanced sentences for individuals who pose a high risk of recidivism.Punishment The philosophy of justice that holds that those who violate the law deserve to be punished.Rehabilitation The medical model-based philosophy of justice that emphasizes “treating” offenders to correcttheir behavior. Examples of rehabilitation programs include general education and drugcounseling.Reintegration The correctional policy of facilitating the offender’s return to the community.TeachMorality The philosophy that criminal sanctions should be imposed to determine the boundariesbetween moral and immoral behavior.Restoration An approach to administering justice that holds that the victim, the community, and theoffender should be given a more active role in seeking justice and repairing the harm caused.Pragmatism The philosophy that emphasizes the criminal justice responses that are most effective incontrolling crime.This assignment needs to be in APA style, 400 words and 2 to 4 references.

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