Solved by verified expert:my Research Question: therefore the articles should be related to the research question below What Should the Judicial
Focus Be to Adequately Tackle the Ethical Dilemmas Faced by Forensic
Psychologists, And Are There Enough Well-Trained Psychologists to Meet
the Staffing Requirements of The Justice System for The Apt Provision of
Valid Assessments?Assignment 2: RA: Annotated BibliographyThe foundation of a
research study comes from an understanding of the theory and from
knowledge that is set forth by the literature in the field. Before a
researcher can develop a sound and needed research design, he or she
must first determine what is already known, how the topic has previously
been studied, and where there are gaps in the knowledge and/or
techniques that have been used to study the research problem.In
this module, you will further explore the research topic that you chose
in M1 Assignment 2. Additionally, this will be the time to make any
needed changes to your research question before you submit your proposal
in M5 Assignment 2 RA 2. For this assignment, you will create 1500 words document following the directions given below.Using the
Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, locate 6
peer-reviewed articles that could be used for the literature review
portion of the research proposal in M5 Assignment 2 RA 2. The articles
should fall into the following categories:2 quantitative studies 2 qualitative studies1 mixed-methods study1 theoretical or research design of your choiceFor each article, cover the following points in 250–350 words:The problem to be studiedThe rationale for the studyThe type of research that was conducted (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods)The data collection strategyThe data analysis tools that were usedA summary of the findingsA statement of how this article will support your proposed study
20171025011922annotated_bibliography.docx
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Annoted Bibliography
Arscott, Eleanor, Ruth Morgan, Georgina Meakin, and James French. “Understanding forensic
expert evaluative evidence: A study of the perception of verbal expressions of the
strength of evidence.” Science & Justice 57, no. 3 (2017): 221-227..
doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.02.002
According to the article, the interpretation of forensic evidence relies on the calculation
of likelihood ration. Most forensic psychologists and other forensic scientist use verbal
expressions to convey the strength of evidence. However, according to the authors of the
article, the degree upon which the verbal expressions on the strength of evidence are not
understood by most forensic experts. This might affect the overall conclusion of a case
thus leading to the conviction of an innocent individual. A study was conducted by the
authors to determine the effectiveness of the verbal expression form 230 participants.
Gianvanni, E., & Sharman, S. J. (2015). Psychologists as Expert Witnesses in Australian
Courtrooms. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law, 22(6), 920-926.
doi:10.1080/13218719.2015.1019334
According to Gianvanni and Sharman, in most of the Australian cases, an expert witness
has usually involved in this case a forensic psychologist. The information provided by the
psychologist will have a significant impact on how the situation will become concluded.
However, the selection of these individuals does not have any formal process. They are
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chosen via the Australian Psychologist Society “find a psychologist “service. The website
is where the expert witnesses become selected. However, these remains questionable on
what their experience in such cases area and whether they provide valid assessment
which can make decisions. Very little is known regarding the excellence of the services
that they deliver to the judicial system.
Hall, S. R. (2006). Child Abuse Reporting Laws and Attorney-Client Privilege: Ethical
Dilemmas and Practical Suggestions for the Forensic Psychologist. Journal of Forensic
Psychology Practice, 6(4), 55-68. doi:10.1300/J158v06n04̱04
Hall states that the most ethical dilemma facing forensics psychologists is privacy and
confidentially. The forensic psychologist must ensure that they keep private any
information given by their clients. However, in cases related to child abuse, the
professional undergo a lot of ethical dilemmas on what they should do. It is the duty of
any health care professional to ensure that a child’s wellbeing is optimum. However, for
the case of forensic psychologist, they are forced to maintain client confidentiality.
Stevens, Philip. “Ethical Issues Pertaining to Forensic Assessments in Mental Capacity
Proceedings: Reflections from South Africa.” Psychiatry, Psychology and Law (2017): 112.. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1264255
According to the article, it focuses on the South African insanity defense laws. According
to the author, the Criminal Procedure Act of 1977 calls for an accused individual to be
given an opportunity to visit a mental institution for evaluation. Clinical psychologists
and three forensic psychiatrists are present during the assessment. However, an ethical
dilemma form the review is the confidentiality of the information provided by the
accused in front of the forensics and clinical psychiatrist and psychologist respectively.
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Stevens indicates that at times, the evaluators are forced to use the information the
accused brought forward which goes against the ethical standards required by law.
Ward, Tony, and Gwenda Willis. “Ethical issues in forensic and correctional research.”
Aggression and Violent Behavior 15.6 (2010): 399-409. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.07.002
According to the article by Ward and Gwenda, it focuses on various ethical challenges
affecting forensics and correctional research. For most of the forensics experts, they rely
on their professional ethical codes while doing their work. However, at times, they are
forced to cross the ethical codes line when making various decisions. The article provides
an insight of how forensics experts can overcome such situations.
Woody, R. H. (2011). Letters of Protection: Ethical and Legal Financial Considerations for
Forensic Psychologists (Revised). Journal Of Forensic Psychology Practice, 11(4), 361367. doi:10.1080/15228932.2011.562822
According to the article, it indicates that for a most forensic psychologist, their primary
concern is income. However, the legal counsel of the accused is forced to give the
forensic psychologist a letter of protection. This is an indication that the forensic
psychologist will only receive full payment from the client after the case has been
concluded. However, in case the accused does do not win after the case proceeding, it is
an indication that the forensic psychologist will not get paid. As such, according to
Woody, this at times affects the evidence that these experts provide in regards to their
clients. They might end up changing the indications that it ensures his/her client wins to
get paid.
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Works Cited
Arscott, Eleanor, Ruth Morgan, Georgina Meakin, and James French. “Understanding forensic
expert evaluative evidence: A study of the perception of verbal expressions of the
strength of evidence.” Science & Justice 57, no. 3 (2017): 221-227..
doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.02.002
Gianvanni, E., & Sharman, S. J. (2015). Psychologists as Expert Witnesses in Australian
Courtrooms. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law, 22(6), 920-926.
doi:10.1080/13218719.2015.1019334
Hall, S. R. (2006). Child Abuse Reporting Laws and Attorney-Client Privilege: Ethical
Dilemmas and Practical Suggestions for the Forensic Psychologist. Journal Of Forensic
Psychology Practice, 6(4), 55-68. doi:10.1300/J158v06n04̱04
Stevens, Philip. “Ethical Issues Pertaining to Forensic Assessments in Mental Capacity
Proceedings: Reflections from South Africa.” Psychiatry, Psychology and Law (2017): 112.. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1264255
Ward, Tony, and Gwenda Willis. “Ethical issues in forensic and correctional research.”
Aggression and Violent Behavior 15.6 (2010): 399-409. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.07.002
Woody, R. H. (2011). Letters of Protection: Ethical and Legal Financial Considerations for
Forensic Psychologists (Revised). Journal Of Forensic Psychology Practice, 11(4), 361367. doi:10.1080/15228932.2011.562822
…
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