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Expert answer:Explain and critically evaluate the following argument. But if we were to live for much longer than seventy years, wouldn’t we end up becoming a series of overlapping persons rather than a single person with an identifiable life? How could I see ‘myself’ 200 years ago as being the same person I am now, when so much about me will have changed and so little memory of my present self remain?” (53).
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The Meaning of Life
PHIL 1040
Possible Paper Topics with Associated Supplementary Readings
1. According to Baggini, believing in God and an afterlife on the basis of faith is risky. Some
philosophers, such as W.K. Clifford go further by describing it as foolish, and even morally
irresponsible. Is Baggini right? Is Clifford?
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. W.K. Clifford, “The Ethics of Belief”
c. Kelly Clark, “Without Ev idence or Argument: A Defense of Reformed Epistemology”
2. As Baggini points out, many who believe in an afterlife think that they have an immaterial soul
that will depart their body and live independently from it. Yet, according to Baggini, there is no
good reason to believe that immaterial souls exist, and there are in fact good reasons to think
that they do not. Is Baggini right?
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Dualism and Mind”
c. Crash Course Philosophy #22
3. Explain and critically evaluate the following argument. “Our sense of self seems to be essentially
rooted in our thoughts, personalities and memories. Time erodes the chains of connection that
tie these to their predecessors; the person I was twenty years ago is very different from the
person I am now, Because these changes are gradual and life is relatively short, we can
nevertheless see our adult lives at least as forming one single narrative. But if we were to live
for much longer than seventy years, wouldn’t we end up becoming a series of overlapping
persons rather than a single person with an identifiable life? How could I see ‘myself’ 200 years
ago as being the same person I am now, when so much about me will have changed and so little
memory of my present self remain?” (53).
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. Crash Course Philosophy #s 18-21
c. John Locke, “The Prince and the Cobbler”
d. Thomas Reid, “Of Mr. Locke’s Account of Our Personal Identity”
e. Derek Parfit, “Divided Selves and the Nature of Persons”
4. Explain and critically evaluate the following argument: “Cottingham argues that we cannot
separate the question of the morality of a life from the question of its meaning, and that moral
measure (and so also meaning’s measure) must come from an ‘overarching structure or theory’
rooted outside of our purely human interests for it to be real. If not, he fears, any ‘engaged life in
which the agent is systematically committed to certain projects he makes his own’ is
meaningful, ‘irrespective of [its] moral status’.” (175).
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. William Lane Craig, “The Absurdity of Life without God”
5. Explain and critically evaluate the following argument: “Buddhist belief in rebirth – like the
significantly different Hindu idea of the transmigration of souls – is extremely difficult to
reconcile with what we know about human mortality and the dependence of consciousness on
brains. It seems to me that the only way it can be reconciled with the anatta doctrine is by
accepting a number of beliefs that we have no independent reasons to accept, such as the idea
that the series of mental processes – known as cittas – passes from one life to another on death.
There seem to be no grounds at all for believing this other than the acceptance of Buddhist
scriptures. But even if it is accepted, it does not seem to be the continuation of an individual self
The Meaning of Life
PHIL 1040
as usually understood. It seems rather to be like passing on a baton of consciousness from one
self to another” (145).
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. Crash Course Philosophy #s 18-21
c. John Locke, “The Prince and the Cobbler”
d. Thomas Reid, “Of Mr. Locke’s Account of Our Personal Identity”
e. Derek Parfit, “Divided Selves and the Nature of Persons”
6. Explain and critically evaluate the following argument: “What this should make clear is that
helping others cannot be the purpose of life, because helping others is just a means to an end.
We help others not primarily because the activity of helping is itself good, but because taking
people out of dire need or giving them a better quality of life is good” (64).
a. Associated Supplementary Readings
b. Peter Singer, “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”
c. Richard Taylor, “The Meaning of Life”
…
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