Expert answer:What is the literary relationship between Sherwood
Expert answer:In this paper, I will discuss how different modernist authors use different speakers, narrative voices or characters perspectives throughout the novels and how the authors illustrate the development of the characters. For example, both Sherwood Anderson and William Faulkner utilize multiple voices and narrators to convey a single story or message. In Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio he illustrates the perspectives of several different characters but ties them all into one collective story of the development of George Willard throughout the individual stories. Anderson also uses the individual stories to discuss the development or the town of Winesburg itself. Similarly, William Faulkner uses different perspectives from different characters to convey single story. However, he illustrates the development of each of the different characters and how they have mourned Addie’s death and evolved as characters. Faulkner also challenges social norms, regarding death and life itself. Anderson also discusses human beings who pursue various “truths” to so great an extent that they become “grotesque” and challenge social norms. As modernist novelists, Sherwood Andersen and William Faulkner showed similarities in their prose style by both adopting the characteristic of the stream of consciousness by utilizing multiple character perspectives to illustrate the development of the characters.
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Paige Stanard
Professor Caterina Bernardini
English 333
13 December 2017
William Faulkner and Sherwood Anderson: the stream of consciousness
It’s no secret that Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud changed the way people thought
about the mind, but William James’ theories about the nature of consciousness had a much
greater impact on the way modernist literature was written. James developed a theory called
radical empiricism, which argues against the existence of a unified self. In simpler terms, this
means that the “I” you were five years ago is not the same “I” as you are now. James described
the flow of thought as “a stream”, which inspired a modernist movement in thousands of works
of fiction. As modernist novelists, Sherwood Andersen and William Faulkner showed
similarities in their prose style by both adopting the characteristic of the stream of consciousness
by utilizing multiple character perspectives to illustrate the development of the characters.
In 1923, Sherwood Andersen met young novelist William Faulkner and immediately
recognized the talent in his writing. Shortly after, Anderson took Faulkner under his wing and
became Faulkner’s most important mentor. Frame (1968) states that “Faulkner’s first novel,
Soldiers’ Pay, was not only written at Anderson’s suggestion but also published through his
influence.” Faulkner also modeled his main character in Mosquitoes after Anderson himself and
“Faulkner’s early use of negro characters to embody a kind of sane, healthy alternative to the
world of the whites may well have been encouraged by Anderson’s example.” (Frame, 1968)
It’s safe to say that Anderson played an important role at a crucial period Faulkner’s
development. “There is a strong resemblance in Faulkner’s and Anderson’s concept of the
grotesque; for both, it concerns truths and its consequences in the individuals isolation and
behavior.” (Frame, 1968)
In Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio he illustrates the perspectives of several
different characters but ties them all into one collective story of the development of George
Willard throughout the individual stories. Anderson also uses the individual stories to discuss
the development or the town of Winesburg itself. Anderson also discusses human beings who
pursue various “truths” to so great an extent that they become “grotesque”
Similarly, William Faulkner uses different perspectives from different characters to
convey single story. However, he illustrates the development of each of the different characters
and how they have mourned Addie’s death and evolved as characters.
Frame, G. A. (1968). William Faulkner and Sherwood Anderson : A study of a literary
relationship (T). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/831/items/1.0104333
ENGL 333 SECTION 001
FALL 2017
INSTRUCTOR: Caterina Bernardini
GUIDELINES FOR FINAL PAPER
Requirements shortlist
–
200 word paper proposal due on November 16 at individual conferences (if you
are not in class that day, please send it to me by e-mail; if you can come but
cannot print the proposal, send it in advance by e-mail).
–
2000-2500 word (8/10 pages) paper due on December 13 by 10 pm (upload on
Canvas and send it in an e-mail at caterina.bernardini@gmail.com). #remember
to always give priority to word count rather than page numbers
–
Must use MLA format.
–
Must analyze, build original connections and compare 2/3 texts that we have read
in class and reflect, more in general, on how they belong to and participate in the
modernist tradition.
–
Must cite at least 3 scholarly critical sources.
Description
–
choose two or three texts (in any genre) that we have read and make them
dialogue by finding analogies and differences, with regard to a particular topic
of your choice. You can choose a text you have worked before, for example for
the lead-discussion activity or the midterm, but you should raise new questions
and work on a different topic, related to it. The topic you choose can be one that
we have partially touched on in class or it could be something completely new.
Remember that the narrower and well defined your topic is, the better the analysis
will be. While you carry your comparative analysis, reflect on modernism: how
do these texts are modernist, in different/similar ways? You will also need to
use critical sources that can help you strengthen, position (even in terms of
disagreement) or better contextualize your analysis. While you are expected and
encouraged to do some close reading – always an indispensable tool for literary
analysis – remember to build a larger frame for the comparative evaluation of the
individual contributions to the main area of interest: modernism.
–
Prepare a paper proposal (about 200 word long) and bring it with you (or email it
to me in advance) on November 16, when we will have individual conferences
during which we will discuss your ideas. In this proposal, you should explain
1
what you want to write about and which texts you plan to use. Also, it is
important that you give a tentative title. For example, you might write something
like this (note that these are only examples and that you do not have to reproduce
the words I am using here):
EX. 1
Tentative title: “‘That Span of Consciousness Thou’st Named the Open Road’:
Modernism and the Walking Catalogue in Sherwood Anderson, Ernest Hemingway and
Hart Crane”
In this paper, I will discuss how different modernist texts represent the speaker (or the
narrative/lyrical voice, or the character) as intent at physically ..walking throughout a
space and perceiving that space, while also perceiving, more largely, the world around
him/her, and making sense of it. This sheer sense of walking through, of sensing and
experiencing life, can be seen as deriving directly from Walt Whitman’s cataloguing
poetry, in which a moving lyrical I, like in a cinematic tracking shot, lists the things,
people, places, and events that he encounters and describes the feelings that arise from
these encounters. Whitman’s poetry thus inaugurates the exploration of this “span of
consciousness,” as Hart Crane called it (specifically referencing Whitman), in The
Bridge. Not only Crane, but also Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemingway, if in
different ways, have also similar moments, respectively in Winesburg, Ohio, and The Sun
Also Rises. I will underline connections in this sense, and observe how the use of
“walking catalogues” can be seen as a common modernist strategy. I will refer to critics
like Susan McCabe, Amelie Moisy, and Roger Gilbert, who reflected on similar topics.
EX. 2
Tentative title: “Classic Modernist Allusions: The Writing of a Palimpsest, from H.D. to
Hart Crane to William Faulkner”
In this paper, I will analyze a series of modernist texts in order to inquire about how they
make use of references to classic mythology, Ancient Greek literature and theatre, and
the Bible. From H.D.’s employment of figures such as Helen of Troy in her imagist
poetry, to Hart Crane’s usage of biblical allusions in The Bridge, to William Faulkner’s
reinventions of Ancient Greek tragedies in As I Lay Dying, I will observe how these
writers choose to include these references in their works and how they make them mean
something new. Notwithstanding the differences in methods and styles, I will underline
how all these writers are able to build what can be called a form of “palimpsest” writing:
a new, innovative writing that also bears the traces of past writing and past mythologies,
and, ultimately, a writing capable of re-enacting a form of traditional cultural
imagination, while programmatically questioning its nature, value and relevance. Sources
I will use include Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis, and
Tristan Gans’s studies on this topic.
–
Note that you do not have to build arguments or offer conclusions already in the
proposal, but that this latter represents only a beginning idea, a starting point. At
the conference, having read and discussed your proposal with you, I will offer
2
feedback and suggestions. It might happen that your topic shifts/deviates a bit
while you write, and that is no problem (if you decide to go for a totally new and
different topic, please let me know about it in advance so I can still offer new
feedback). Once again, for how to use MLA format, see
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ and remember that two good
places to start your search of sources are the UNL libraries catalogue
(http://library.unl.edu/#) and, especially for articles, Google scholar
https://scholar.google.com/.
–
You are welcome to send me e-mails or come to office hours (TR 11-12.30, or by
appointment) and ask my opinion and advice about sources you selected,
arguments and changes you want to make, or to show me partial or full drafts,
which I will be happy to revise (but please note that I will no longer offer such
feedback starting 5 days before the paper is due).
–
Your paper should be min. 8/max. 10 pages (min. 2000-min.2500 word) long,
double-spaced, with 12 font characters.
–
Post the paper on Canvas under the specific assignment page, and also, just to
make sure I get it (sometimes Canvas has problems, especially around final
times), send it to my e-mail as well (caterina.bernardini@gmail.com). The final
due date is December 13 at 10 pm. I DO NOT accept late work.
Evaluation criteria
The grade (0/100 scale) will count 30% toward the final grade, and it will be expressed
as the average of the following parameters:
– Meeting assignment requirements
– Critical analysis and comparative skills
3
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