Expert answer:Read “Cultural explorations of human intelligence around the world (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.” (Sternberg (2002). Select a famous person (OPRAH WINFREY) who you believe epitomizes successful intelligence as outlined in the textbook and assigned readings. Choose and describe specific characteristics or behaviors of this person that support your selection with regard to analytical, creative, and practical abilities.Explain how both nature and nurture (including social and cultural factors) may have played a role in the development of this individual’s intelligence. Relate whether the theory of multiple intelligences might better characterize your selected individual.Predict whether this person would do well on a standard intelligence test, based on what you have read. Give examples of alternate means of measuring intelligence.Remember to use your own academic voice (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and apply in-text citations (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.appropriately throughout your post.
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R. Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence
The best approach, suggests R. Sternberg (2012), is to look at people who are
most successful in adapting to the world. If we do that, we find that these people not
only learn well, but also are adept at selecting and even at shaping the world to
maximize their success. What they have is successful intelligence as opposed to
psychometric, or measured, intelligence. Note how this view emphasizes adaptation.
What it says, in effect, is that the most intelligent people are those who are most
successful in choosing or changing their environments or their goals to match their
abilities. It would not be intelligent for someone with an uninspiring and
uncontrollable voice to strive for a career as a singer, although it might be quite
intelligent for the same person to become a pianist.
Successful intelligence requires that the individual be able to evaluate
options, devise strategies for attaining goals, and assess the extent to which goals
are being met. In other words, it requires analytical abilities. And it also requires
creative abilities that make it possible to invent strategies, to uncover new options,
and to find ways of selecting and shaping the environment.
Finally, successful intelligence requires the sorts of practical abilities involved in
carrying out options, in putting into practice the behaviors and skills required for
selecting, shaping, and adapting to environments.
These three groups of abilities—analytical, creative, and practical—make up
the three components of what R.Sternberg labels the triarchic theory of successful
intelligence. It is a theory that highlights the importance of adaptation; as well, it
emphasizes creative and practical abilities, features that conventional intelligence
tests typically do not take into consideration (Figure 6.8).
This view of intelligence has the advantage of making the concept less
abstract and theoretical. It brings it to a more concrete, more easily understood
level. It also has the advantage of emphasizing that intelligence is not a fixed,
unchanging quality about which we can do nothing. In this view, intelligence is a
little like a box of tools that we use to play the game of cognition. We might each
have very different tools in our boxes, but we can certainly learn to take advantage
of the ones we do have. And we might also learn from how others use their tools.
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