Expert answer:Revise paper 750 words
Expert answer:Revise this paper according to instructions… 750 words excluding references he paper should be typed in a Microsoft Word document, in 12-point, Times New Roman font. It must be a minimum of 750 words long. The file should be titled . For this assignment, you must cite in the Chicago Manual style and USE FOOT-NOTEAlso you can use only this book resource: Robert W. Strayer and Eric W. Nelson, Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources vol. 1, 3rd Edition (2016) AND Thinking Through Sources. and use the page number page number in quotation
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Religious interpretation and responses to Black Death across the world
Mohammed Alsharif
WHO 2012
13, November 2017
Alsharif
2
Introduction
As the Black Death spread across the world, claiming people’s lives, destroying families
and countries at large, people turned to religion in search for an understanding of the plague. People
relied on religion for the interpretation of the plague and religion significantly affected people’s
response the plague. While religion impacted people’s interpretation and responses to the plague,
the responses to the plague significantly differed from one religious group to another. Some people
turned to religion to get answers regarding the cause of the plague and ways of evading it while
others deserted their religious beliefs as they lost faith in their religion due to the suffering
experienced. The Muslims for example, interpreted the Black Death as a reward for the righteous
and accepted the plague without fleeing their homes that helped in containment of the spread of
the plague1. Religious responses to the plague significantly differed from one society to another
exacerbating suffering in some societies while it helped manage the crisis in other communities
based on the society’s religious interpretation and response to the Black Death.
As the Black Death continued to spread across the globe and deemed inevitable, people
sought answers from their religion. The Muslim community turned to the Koran to search for
answer to the plague. The Muslims perceived the plague as a punishment for the wicked and a
reward and martyrdom for the righteous2. The Black Death also affected the response of the
Muslim community to the plague. The Black Death brought the Muslim community together as
people became their neighbors’ keeper and watched over their one another. The Muslims did not
1
Strayer, Robert W., and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2009, (source 11.1).
2
Ibid (source 11.1)
Alsharif 3
run away from the plague as the Muslim tradition forbade the Muslim people from running away
from a land struck by plague. The Muslim people sought the help of the Almighty God as their
religious beliefs deemed God as the Best Helper at the hour of need. Since the plague was
considered martyrdom for the religious, the Muslims courageously faced and accepted their grant
destination of dying as martyrs in the hands of the plague as they repent their ways of life3.
The Christian community exhibited to some extent a similar response to the plague. Many
Christians turned to their religion in search of answers to the plague. The Christians believed that
the plague was a punishment from God for the people’s wicked ways of life. As a result, many
Christians believed that through repenting their lives and living righteous lives, they would escape
the wrath of God brought by the plague4. Most Christians amended their ways of life and attended
mass more often, seeking the help of priests, looking for answers from the Virgin Mary, and
seeking private devotion to evade the Black Death. Some Christians took drastic measures as they
sought divine intervention from God from the Black Death. The flagellant movement was one of
the extreme responses of the Christian people to the plague. The flagellant practice was a long
established tradition in the Christian community and was a way of identifying with Christ in the
community. Groups of flagellants moved across cities seeking repentance, performing rituals,
singing hymns, that climaxed with whipping of oneself in order to ease God’s wrath that caused
the divine punishment5. Another response that emerged in the Christian communities in response
to the plague was the Dance of Death. In this practice, people fell on ground to allow others to
3
Strayer, Robert W., and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2009, (source 11.1) source 11.1.
4
5
Ibid., source 11.5
Ibid., source 11.5
Alsharif
4
stumble on them as this was believed to either cure or prevent the plague. The Christians used their
religion to interpret the Black Death as a punishment from God for their sins and in response
repented their sins and sought to live religious lives in order to evade or cure from the plague6.
Religious responses to the crisis were helpful in managing the crisis in various parts of the
world such as the Muslim communities who did not run away from their plague stricken areas that
prevented the spread of the epidemic. The Muslims stayed in their homes and took care of their
neighbors that prevented further spread of the Black Death to other areas by those who ran away.
The Muslims took care of their sick ones that helped in managing the crisis but still standing a
chance of spreading the epidemic. However, in the Christian world, people moved from city to
city especially the flagellant group seeking people’s repentance that exacerbated the spread of the
plague. As the religious communities sought answers from their religions, their increased contact
increased the suffering of the disease. In the Byzantium Empire, people perceived the Black Death
as a plague send by God in order to restore chastity. People in the empire lived virtuous lives that
significantly minimized the spread of the plague and many divided their wealth among the poor
that further helped manage the crisis7. Hence, the spread or containment of the crisis depended on
the religious responses of the people in varied locations based on their religious beliefs.
6
Strayer, Robert W., and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2009, (source 11.1) source 11.5.
7
Ibid., source 11.3
Alsharif 5
Conclusion
Religion impacted the interpretation of the Black Death across different locations and also
determined the people’s response to the plague. While Christians sought salvation from God by
repenting their sins and seeking retribution, the accepted the plague and saw it as a reward as well
as martyrdom. The communities that fled and moved to other parts of the world enhanced its spread
while those who remained in their localities like the Muslims enhanced management of the crisis.
The people in the Byzantium Empire resulted to living virtuous lives that enhanced containment
of the crisis8. Hence, the religious response to the Black Death significantly differed from one
community to another and this variation helped determine whether the crisis was contained and
kept at bay or spread across the cities and countries increasing people’s suffering.
8
Strayer, Robert W., and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2009, (source 11.1) source 11.5.
Alsharif
Bibliography
Strayer, Robert W., and Eric Nelson. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2009. Pp(134-145).
6
WOH 2012 Paper #3 Assignment
Throughout the semester, you have been building your skills in analyzing primary sources,
considering historical context, identifying and presenting evidence, and creating a thesis
statement and persuasive argument for your paper.
v For the third paper assignment, you will revise your second paper. See the explanation
below for more information on how to properly revise your paper – these revisions
should be substantial, not just changes in grammar.
v This paper will be graded based on the degree and quality of revisions completed. If you
do not do revisions and simply turn in the same document you turned in for paper #2,
you will receive a 0 for this assignment. In this case, the revisions are the point of the
assignment.
v Even if you did very well on paper #2, you must complete revisions for paper #3. Focus
on places where your paper could be stronger, based on peer review and your TA’s
comments.
What is revision?
Revisions can be categorized in two ways: as Global Revisions and Local Revisions. Global
Revisions consider the comments on the paper as a whole and involve rethinking things
like paper structure, argument, etc. Local Revisions focus on smaller-scale issues like
spelling, grammar, or formatting. For your revision in this course, you will be asked to do
both, focusing particularly on Global Revisions. It is not enough to correct grammatical
errors in your paper and turn it back in. Instead, you should consider the comments you
have received from your TA and in peer review and restructure and make substantial
changes to your paper. Revision is an important part of the writing process, one that every
published writer undertakes.
Steps Toward Revision:
•
It is often best to print out your paper and revise it in hard copy with a pen in hand, in
order to approach the material with fresh eyes.
•
Reread the paper. If you are having any issues with your prose, reread the paper aloud
to yourself. While it may seem strange, it does help catch issues related to local revision
like word choice, the flow of the sentences, etc.
•
Identify your argument, and circle it. Are you happy with the wording? You should
spend a significant portion of your revision time on this, because everything in your
paper should relate back to and prove your thesis statement.
•
Look at the structure of your paper. Do you have a thesis statement in the first
paragraph? Do your paragraphs have topic sentences that relate to the thesis
statement? Does each paragraph develop one big idea? Do the paragraphs flow
logically?
•
Consider the evidence you’ve used to back up your claims. Are you quoting primary
sources? Are you including historical context from the textbook and/or class notes?
Could you improve your paper by adding additional evidence, or incorporating more
sources?
•
Double-check your paper to make sure you have cited everything correctly, according to
Chicago Manual of Style guidelines. Remember that you must have citations for
everything that is not your own original thought, including information you have from
the textbook or from lecture. If you have questions about when and how to cite, ask
your TA.
•
In addition to thinking about the things listed above, carefully read through your peer
review and your TA’s comments. Write down what changes you will be making for your
paper. Do you need to find additional quotes to use? Do you need to check your paper
for errors in grammar? Then work through the steps, revising the paper.
Technical Requirements: The paper should be typed in a Microsoft Word document, in 12-point, Times
New Roman font. It must be a minimum of 750 words long. The file should be titled
YOURLASTNAME_WOH2012_Paper3. Write the word count at the bottom of the document. For this
assignment, you must cite in the Chicago Manual style. If you have questions about this style, consult
the handout posted on Canvas, or email the professor or your TA.
Grading Rubric for WOH 2012 Paper #3
For paper 3, grading will take into account both the quality of the final paper and, critically, the degree and quality of the
revisions. A paper that has not been revised at all, even if originally a strong paper, will not be accepted for credit.
A Level
B Level
C Level
D-F Level
Global Revisions
Thesis Statement/Argument
Revision
Makes a clear and wellsupported argument about
the source and its context.
Makes an argument about
the source and its context
that is supported by some
evidence.
Makes an argument about
the source and its context
that is weak, unclear, or
largely unsupported.
Does not
make an
argument
about the
source.
Goes beyond the familiar and
reveals individual thought and
analysis of the material.
Explains these revelations.
Suggests individual insight
but does not expand. May
summarize but not analyze
some of the material.
Favors summary or
description over analysis.
Contains too few quotes, or
too many.
Only uses
summary or
description.
Thoroughly answers the
questions, backed up with
specific and properly cited
evidence from at least three
of the primary sources.
Describes the primary
source well, and answers
the questions with some
properly cited evidence.
Describes the primary
source incompletely,
demonstrating some
misunderstanding. May
contain evidence from only
one source.
Does not
describe the
source or
answer the
questions
from the
prompt.
Proper sentence and
paragraph structure. No
grammatical or spelling
errors. Avoids clichés and
informal language. Shows
evidence of proofreading and
full and correct citations.
Good sentence and
paragraph structure. Few
grammatical or spelling
errors. No major writing
errors. Citations are given
correctly throughout.
Poor sentence and
paragraph structure. Some
grammatical or spelling
errors. Some major writing
errors. May reveal some
minor problems with
citation.
Inadequate
sentence
and
paragraph
structure.
Numerous
grammatical
or spelling
errors.
Major
writing
errors.
(25 points)
Analysis/Insight Revision
(25 points)
Content and Evidence Revision
Essay contains answers to the
questions posed in the prompt,
backed up with specific evidence
from the sources.
(35 points)
Local Revisions
Writing/Mechanics
Proper sentence and paragraph
structure. No grammatical or
spelling errors. Avoids clichés and
informal language (contractions,
cursing, overt moralizing.) Shows
evidence of proofreading and
includes full and correct citations.
(15 points)
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