Expert answer:MLog 15 entries
Expert answer:For this assignment you will make 15 entries in the MLog total from this week’s readingCh. 4, 6 and 10, MLog for Ch. 4, 6 and 10 The entries should come from the book The Concise St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, 7th Edition, by Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper,. The whole purpose of the MLOG is explained below.You will be given a tool, called a Metacognitive Reading Log (MLog), to improve your critical reading and critical thinking. The writing process is the main way you will be establishing foundations in writing, through reading about things like mapping, outlining, paraphrasing, summarizing, and synthesizing. Critical thinking and it’s counterpart, critical reading, are incredibly important skills for you to develop and grow for success in college and beyond, so it is important to take this aspect of the course seriously.A Sample MLog is attached
2018011103275520180106232220mlog_example_1.pdf
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Evidence/Text Information
My Thoughts/Interpretation/Opinion
1) Social media being an innovative way to
make and share arguments with people around
the world who have access to phones, tablets,
and computers in a matter of seconds.
I find this quite fascinating and discouraging
at the same time. Being a child from the 80’s
and 90’s, we did not have social media, we
had the news and newspapers. Social media
(aka chatrooms) were becoming popular my
Sr. year of high school. It was “cool” to be
able to talk through the computer to someone
in another state or country. This day in age it
is completely normal. With the recent political
issues, social media had been nothing but
peaceful discussions to outright mudslinging
arguments. I think it is great that people are
more in touch with what is happening in the
world and we are able to stay updated in real
time, however, not everyone tells the truth
about what is happening so there is a lot of
bias and false reporting. It’s hard to tell fact
from fiction without researching for yourself.
2) Theorists suggest that you can change
people’s minds based on their emotions. The
authors of the book disagree and believe you
need “all the appeals of rhetoric”.
I agree with the authors on their theory of
persuasion in an argument. As a woman, I am
prone to be more moved by emotion than the
typical man who is more logical. However,
after I have gone through the motions of
dealing with the emotions I have felt, and I
have time to calm down and think, I can then
logically think about both sides of the
argument and listen to, or research facts, based
on those arguments.
3) Philosophy professor Gary Gutting shows
an example of how two economists come to
completely different conclusions to their
arguments when given the same facts, but not
having all of the facts possible.
I find this key in all arguments, especially
when the facts have been trickled down the
line from one person to another. (Also known
as the game of telephone). You absolutely
cannot make a solid argument on any issue
without knowing the full story or having all
the facts because the one person that does
have all the facts can now make your
argument no longer credible. I feel our current
media networks are no longer credible with
political issues these days because they do not
report all the facts and are extremely bias.
4) Comparing and contrasting the “invitational Why can’t everyone “argue” like this? This is
argument” vs the “Rogerian argument”.
more of a peaceful debate or discussion rather
than an argument. If all arguments could
explore ideas based on discovery & respect,
and finding common ground & trust between
those of us that disagree on issues, we could
probably solve more issues with our
healthcare, politics, education system,
immigration, etc. Can’t we all just get along?
5) “SAT Reading scores hit a Four-Decade
low after a decade of efforts to raise test
scores under the NCLB law crafted by George
Bush”
The Washington post has some compelling
evidence in their article which makes a good
argument. They make a point on a somewhat
controversial law for educators, about ‘new
standards in education not working and having
to amend the law’, which still isn’t working
how it was planned. They also go onto to say
that the law “failed to address other barriers in
the students taking the test such as coming to
school hungry, and no health care’. While I
believe all of these are valid arguments, there
are still a number of reasons why the law
failed for only some states. (Those reasons
would require a nice long essay to back my
evidence.) My point being, I don’t think the
law completely failed and should just be
thrown out. I believe it needs more work and
study and will continue to need to be adjusted
as times and educational demands change.
There is never just one technique to teach
children. Children’s needs change, therefor so
should the educators technique.
6) Senator Marco Rubio’s rebuttal to Senator
Tom Harkin’s “fact finding” trip to Cuba.
I found this part of the book interesting
because it shows how to people can visit the
same place and come back with two
completely different viewpoints. Sen. Harking
brought forth the argument that Cuba was this
beautiful tropical paradise with great health
care and education. It seems he was making it
sound like a land of forgotten people due to a
nonsense political disagreement. Sen. Rubio
counteracts his argument with a lot of passion
and emotion having family from Cuba. He had
more facts and evidence about what life is
really like in Cuba, and that you can’t make a
short trip talking to only privileged people
about what life is like there because they will
have you seeing everything from rose colored
glasses. If you want to know what life is like,
you have to actually talk to the citizens.
7) Call it blindness by Georgia Kleege. Telling If you really want to grab someone’s attention,
her class she is ‘legally blind’ as they come to you play with their emotions and have them
their own assumptions of what that means.
feel sympathetic toward your argument as
Geogia Kleege did. This was quite the genius
play on words in my opinion. She told her
class she was legally blind and left it at that.
She let them draw their own conclusion about
wither she could see or not. After all, how is a
blind person going to teach a class? It
definitely wouldn’t be your standard way of
teaching. This makes her students a little
uncomfortable and then sympathetic.
8) Using humor in an argument to put your
reader/listeners at ease making them more
open to receiving your argument or point of
view.
Using humor can be a good thing or a bad
thing depending on your audience. Sometimes
it can make a good icebreaker and lead the
conversation down a more causal path. This is
good with friends, family or someone giving a
lecture. This is not something I would lead
with in a serious business deal or some job
interviews, depending on what the job is you
are interviewing for. I am a fan of using
humor in political arguments since they
typically become heated, or when you are
about to discuss something that may be a little
awkward for both parties to discuss. I agree
with the books example of South Park and
Modern Family (and even Family Guy) for
using humor to tackle those topics that people
generally want to avoid.
9) The argument based on character, also
known as Ethos. An example of someone with
good character that people trust and respect
being Pope Francis. He chose to forgo the
fancy clothes, fancy car and eloquent living
quarters that come with being Pope for the
simple way of living.
This is a prime example of developing Ethos!
Pope Francis has brought religious leaders and
the people back together. With all the scandal
that came with the Catholic church a few years
ago, people shunned and turned away looking
for other connections to God and their
religion. When Pope Francis was selected, he
became a Pope of the people showing
sympathy & empathy. When asked about the
status of gay priests in the church, he replies
“who am I to judge”. This was just one of the
key things he has said to show people that he
is also human like the rest of us; he is not
God, just a messenger of God. I am not a
Catholic, but I have much respect for the
Catholic church. The religion I am baptized
into has a lot in common with the Catholic
church, however our leaders recently put out a
statement, when gay marriage was being
legalized, that they will not recognize gay
marriage or allow the baptism of children
belonging to same sex couples. This broke
some of the trust that I had in our church
because I believe they are now punishing
children for the life styles and choices of the
parents which the child has no control. I don’t
believe that was the word given by God, I
believe it was the words of a leaders’
prejudice. Once that trust is broken, it makes
you second guess everything you are told.
10) Establishing trustworthiness and
credibility: “You can establish trustworthiness
by connecting your own beliefs and principals
that are well established and widely
connected”.
The authors give some good example from
excerpts of speeches given by some celebrity
type people. The one I connected with the
most was by David Brooks in “The Art of
Focus”. I’m sure this resonates with everyone
this day in age. He talks about “losing the
attention war” being distracted by technology
and social media. While doing this
assignment, I have been distracted numerous
amounts of times by the TV, Facebook,
checking my e-mail, etc. His admittance of
distraction puts him on an ‘I am not perfect,
only human’ level which draws his audience
in and makes him credible.
11) Claiming authority: Comparing the
position of President of the USA, which
practically demands authority based strictly on
position, with an activist in no such
authorative position, but gains authority based
on experience.
This is a great comparison for an Ethos
argument. Holding a particular management
position does not mean you are automatically
respected and gain the trust of your audience.
You have to establish credibility and prove
that you are worthy of holding that position.
If you don’t, your audience might hear you,
but they are not listening. Now, if you have an
everyday Joe, he/she is not going to
automatically gain the trust of everyone either,
unless he/she has a valid argument that also
connects with his/her peers. This will give
him/her credibility to discuss a topic without
of the ‘proper authority’ or scientific back up.
He/she has a real life, facts based argument. It
goes back to that upper management saying
that just because it looks good on paper,
doesn’t mean it works in real life. To claim
authority, you need to have already gained
trustworthiness and credibility.
12) Coming clean about motives: using the
term ‘check your privilege’ to berate white
male students for advantages they enjoy, is
judging them according to race and gender,
and not for the work they have actually done
to get to an Ivy league school.
In this section, Tal Fortgang tried to argue a
point that you cannot assume all white males
attending an Ivy league school are there
because they come from a ‘privileged life and
background’. He gives example of his family
history and struggles to get by in life as
immigrants to this county to gain sympathy
from his audience. However, he lost his
credibility when it was discovered that it was
not his struggles, but the struggles of his
grandparents and father who have worked for,
and now live, an established ‘privileged life’.
Though he initially had good motives, trying
to gain the sympathy of his peers for himself
made his argument invalid and his motives no
longer credible.
13) Thinking Critically about Hard Evidence:
Former President Barack Obama’s 2014 State
of the Union address with a focus on
improving the conditions of working woman.
Comparing ‘inartistic’ and artistic’ proofs with
fact checks by the typically objective
Washington post.
This is yet another Prime example of fact
checking your argument before opening your
mouth. Former President Obama’s speech
touched on a topic that would have feminist
saying it is solid gold, but critics saying that
the information is wrong by reciting a
“massively discredited factoid”. He was
corrected about there being a wage gap
between men and women, however it is a
wage gap based on life style and choices made
by women to stay home and raise their
children and the types of careers they choose,
not a wage gap based on prejudice, therefor it
makes it a not so simple comparison. I believe
his speech writers did not do their homework
and deliver all the facts, but instead tried to
argue based on people’s emotions.
14) Statistics: Lying with numbers, accurate or I would not consider any sort of statistics as
not, to be interpreted by writers with an
facts. As stated in the book, they are
agenda.
interpreted by writers to back up their own
agenda. Therefor statistics are bias on what the
writer wants the outcome to be. In my
opinions these are not credible facts.
15) Surveys and Polls: Verifying the
popularity or idea of a proposal because they
are as close as you can get to express the will
of the people.
In my opinion, surveys and polls go hand in
hand with statistics and cannot always
validated or make an argument credible. The
book uses an example of a survey/poll of
women who drank alcohol while pregnant and
then met with the woman again six years later
to follow up on the behavioral development of
the child. It showed that just one drink a day
would later cause behavior problems. This
finding is null and void because of the fact
that 18% of the women who didn’t drink, and
45% of the women who did drink, reported
cocaine use during their pregnancy! Hello!
Cocaine is going to have more of an effect on
the unborn child and the mother than one
drink a day. To have a survey or poll be valid,
you have to have candidates who live similar
lifestyles. But again, these can also very. In
my opinion, they just are not credible.
…
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