Expert answer:historical context chart
Expert answer:Choose three secondary sources from the Research Kit pertaining to your research topic, and complete the Historical Context Chart to explore the similarities and differences among the sources.Choose three articles from your selected topic in the Research Kit to read through and compare.As you read through each article, consider the three main questions for analyzing secondary sources from Theme 2:What argument is your source’s author making? (This is the thesis statement.)Why is your source’s author making this argument? What is at stake for him or her?Where are there weak points in your source’s arguments? Do you see any potential bias or flaws in your source’s argumentCopy and paste the full citation of each article in the Article Citation field. Next, explain in the chart how you think the historical context in which these articles were written may have impacted the authors’ interpretations of the articles. You are encouraged to check out this site (http://www.ushistory.org/us/index.asp) to help you formulate your thoughts on the historical context of your three articles. Use information from the articles to complete the Historical Context Chart.Download and complete the Historical Context Chart. Save this chart as a file on your computer. Submit this saved file for instructor grading and feedback.
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HIS 100 Theme 3: Historical Context Chart
Prompt: Historiography is the practice of analyzing how the historical context of a time influences how historians write about and interpret historical events. First,
choose three secondary sources from your selected topic in the Research Kit and copy and paste the full citation of each article into the Article Citation field.
Next, explain in the chart below how you think the historical context of the time when these articles were written may have impacted the authors’ interpretations
of the events. You are encouraged to check out this website to help you formulate your thoughts on the historical context of your articles.
Historical Context
Article Citation
Historical Context of Publication Date
Impact of Historical Context on Author’s Thesis
HIS 100 Research Kit
Science
How did the field of science play a role in the dropping of the atomic bomb? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on the scientific
community in the United States? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on technological innovation? What were the effects of the atomic
bomb on the environment? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on health, medicine, and physiology?
Primary
The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. Retrieved from
http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61
Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml
Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/
Groves, L. R. (1945, July 18). Memorandum for the secretary of war: Subject: The test. American Experience. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bomb- test/
Hart, H. (1946). Technological acceleration and the atomic bomb. American Sociological Review, 11(3), 277–293. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112
Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from
http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html
The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm
Szilard, L. (1945, July 17). Leo Szilard’s petition to the president of the United States. Retrieved from http://teachinghistory.org/historycontent/beyond-the-textbook/25484 (Note: The petition is located on the left-hand side of the webpage once you click on this initial
link. Click on the link titled “Leo Szilard’s Petition to the President (1945).”)
Truman, H. (1945, Aug. 6). Press release by the White House, August 6, 1945. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-0806&documentid=59&pagenumber=1
Secondary
Frisch, D. H. (1970). Scientists and the decision to bomb Japan. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 26(6), 107–115. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=ahl&AN=21569493&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Harper, J. (2007). Secrets revealed, revelations concealed: A secret city confronts its environmental legacy. The George Washington University
Institute for Ethnographic Research, 80(1), 39–64. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943
Malloy, S. L. (2012). ‘A very pleasant way to die’: Radiation effects and the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Diplomatic History,
36(3), 515–545. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=a9h&AN=74547716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Reynolds, M. L., & Lynch, F. X. (1955). Atomic bomb injuries among survivors in Hiroshima. Public Health Reports, 70(3), 261–270. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041
Voynick, Steve (2009) “From Radium to the A-Bomb.” History Magazine. 10(4), 25-29. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=37791674&site=edslive&scope=site
Government and Domestic Policy
How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect domestic policies and decisions made by the American government? How did the dropping of
the atomic bomb relate to the start of the Cold War and the United States’ policy to contain communism? How did it relate to the United States’
rise as a global superpower? How did it relate to policies surrounding the limits of executive power?
Primary
The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. Retrieved from
http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61
Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml
Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.
Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti
d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1
The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm
Stimson, H. L. (1947). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Harper’s Magazine, 194(1161), 97–107. Retrieved from
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stim- son_harpers.pdf
Truman, H. (1953, Jan. 12). Truman’s reflections on the atomic bombings. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from
http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml
Truman, H. (1945, Aug. 6). Press release by the White House, August 6, 1945. Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-0806&documentid=59&pagenumber=1
Secondary
Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–
221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285
Bernstein, B. (1975). Roosevelt, Truman, and the atomic bomb, 1941–1941: A reinterpretation. Political Science Quarterly, 90(1), 23–69.
Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2148698
Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230
Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163
Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Military
How did the American military play a role in the dropping of the atomic bomb? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect the military?
What later military events can be linked to the dropping of the atomic bomb? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb influence the military to
take action to contain communism? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb relate to the Marshall Plan? How did it relate to the Berlin Airlift?
How did it influence Winston Churchill’s famous “Iron Curtain” speech?
Primary
Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml
Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/
Groves, L. R. (1945, July 18). Memorandum for the secretary of war: Subject: The test. American Experience. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bomb- test/
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php
Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from
http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html
The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.
Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti
d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1
Laurence, W. L. (1945, Sept. 9). Eyewitness account of atomic bomb over Nagasaki. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from
http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Nagasaki.shtml
Secondary
Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–
221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285
Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230
Pape, R. A. (1993). Why Japan surrendered. International Security, 18(2), 154–201. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf
Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163
Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
International Relations and Japanese and American Civilians
How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect international relations and civilians both in the United States and Japan? How did it influence
Eleanor Roosevelt and the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights? How did it influence the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?
Primary
Berlin Potsdam Declaration. (1945, Aug. 1). American Experience. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-potsdam/
Borchard, E. (1946). The atomic bomb. The American Society of International Law, 40(1), 161–165. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193900
Coblentz, S. A. (1945). The challenge of the atomic bomb. World Affairs, 108(3), 164–167. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20664180
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.
Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti
d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1
Hart, H. (1946). Technological acceleration and the atomic bomb. American Sociological Review, 11(3), 277–293. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112
Hersey, J. (1946, Aug. 31). Hiroshima. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima
Johnson A. (1946). Twaddle on the atomic bomb. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 5(2), 201–202. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3483583
Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from
http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html
Siemes, J. A. (1945, Aug. 6). Eyewitness account of Hiroshima. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from
http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Hiroshima_Siemes.shtml
Stimson, H. L. (1947). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Harper’s Magazine, 194(1161), 97–107. Retrieved from
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stim- son_harpers.pdf
Truman, H. (1953, Jan. 12). Truman’s reflections on the atomic bombings. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from
http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml
Turlington, E. (1946). International control of the atomic bomb. The American Journal of International Law, 40(1), 165–167. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193901
Viner, J. (1946). The implications of the atomic bomb for international relations. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 90(1), 53–58.
Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3301039
Secondary
Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–
221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285
Bernstein, B. J. (1976). The uneasy alliance: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the atomic bomb, 1940–1945. The Western Political Quarterly, 29(2), 202–
230. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/448105
Harper, J. (2007). Secrets revealed, revelations concealed: A secret city confronts its environmental legacy. The George Washington University
Institute for Ethnographic Research, 80(1), 39–64. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943
Malloy, S. L. (2012). ‘A very pleasant way to die’: Radiation effects and the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Diplomatic History,
36(3), 515–545. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=a9h&AN=74547716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230
Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163
Pape, R. A. (1993). Why Japan surrendered. International Security, 18(2), 154–201. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf
Reynolds, M. L., & Lynch, F. X. (1955). Atomic bomb injuries among survivors in Hiroshima. Public Health Reports, 70(3), 261–270. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041
Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d
b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Primary Source Archive (Additional Primary Sources Can Be Located Here)
The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. Retrieved from
http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61
Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml
Atomic Archive. (n.d.). The voice of Hibakusha [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hibakusha/index.shtml
Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/
Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php
The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm
HIS 100 Theme 3: Historical Context Chart
Prompt: Historiography is the practice of analyzing how the historical context of a time influences how historians write about and interpret historical events. First,
choose three secondary sources from your selected topic in the Research Kit and copy and paste the full citation of each article into the Article Citation field.
Next, explain in the chart below how you think the historical context of the time when these articles were written may have impacted the authors’ interpretations
of the events. You are encouraged to check out this website to help you formulate your thoughts on the historical context of your articles.
Historical Context
Article Citation
Historical Context of Publication Date
Impact of Historical Context on Author’s Thesis
…
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