Expert answer:Health Education

Expert answer:watch ( http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x26iiyg )Answer the following questions below.What illegal substance did Bias take before passing away, and what part of his physical body did it affect?What was the final cause of death for Bias, and what are the symptoms and treatment of this COI( Cause Of Injury) ?Why were criminal charges brought in this case against those involved with responding to Bias’s emergency that resulted in death?Which constructs from the SCT were displayed as Len Bias made the decision to change his normal behaviors and use drugs. Explain in 3-5 sentences not more than 6 sentences.
89742_pp_ch07__7_.ppt

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Chapter 7
Social Cognitive Theory
In the beginning…
• Social cognitive theory has its roots in Albert
Bandura’s research on observation, social
learning, and aggressive behavior dating back to
the late 1950s. During this time, behavior
acquisition was believed to result from
environmental stimuli, consequences, rewards,
and punishments.
In the beginning…
• Further research conducted on the effect of
observation and modeling on behavior
acquisition, and personal factors revealed that
behavior was the result of an inter-relation
between environmental factors, personal factors,
and behavior. This forms the basis of this theory.
Concept
• Theory Essence Sentence
– Behavior, personal factors, and environmental
factors interact with each other, and changing
one changes them all.
• This is reciprocal determinism.
Constructs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self-efficacy
Observational learning (modeling)
Expectations
Expectancies
Behavioral capability
Reinforcement
Locus of control
Self-efficacy
• People will only try to do what they think they
can do, and won’t try what they think they can’t
do.
– I think I can, I think I can…….
Observational Learning
• Learning by watching others – modeling
• Impact depends on the extent of attention given
the model. Attention is influenced by:
– attractiveness of the model
– circumstances of observation
– personal motivation to learn the behavior,
– importance of learning the behavior
– complexity of the behavior
Expectations
• Expectations are the anticipated outcomes of the
behavior which are influenced by:
– past experiences in similar situations
– observing others or hearing about others in a
similar situation
– the emotional or physical response that occurs
as a result of the behavior
Expectancies
• Expectancies are the values the person places on
the outcomes (expectations).
– Is the anticipated outcome viewed as
good/bad, positive/negative, useful/useless,
healthy/unhealthy.
Emotional Arousal
• The fear we may feel in certain situations or
when engaging in certain behaviors
• Fear can support positive health behaviors –
– Fear of skin cancer = avoid tanning
• Fear can support negative health behaviors
– Fear of breast cancer = avoid mammograms
Behavioral Capability
• Having knowledge of and skills to perform a
behavior.
• Before doing something you have to know:
– What it is you’re going to do and
– How to do it.
Reinforcement
• Rewards and punishment
– Doing something to get a reward or avoid a
punishment
• Quit smoking – to get the reward of reduced
insurance premiums
• Quit smoking – to avoid the punishment of
higher insurance premiums for smokers
Reinforcement
• Using rewards to maintain positive health
behaviors are more likely to result in repeated
positive behavior rather than using
punishment.
Reinforcement
• Punishment for a behavior tends not to lead to
positive behavior change.
– Giving extra vacation days for maintaining a
healthy weight is more likely to support
healthier eating and exercise than is taking
days away from those who are over weight.
Locus of Control
• People have varying degrees of belief in their
ability to control what happens to them.
• Degrees of Ability to Control
– Internal Locus of Control
– External Locus of Control
Locus of Control
• Internal
– have total control over what happens to self—
things are the result of personal decisions and
behaviors
• External
– have no control over what happens to self—
things are the result of fate, destiny, luck
Class Activity
• Think back to when, where and how you first
learned about HIV prevention and the impact this
had on you own behavior.
• Share your responses with your classmates.
Theory in Action
• Read the following article on page 183 in your
text:
– Boutin-Foster, C., McLaughlin, N, Gray, A.,
Ogedegbe, A, Hageman, I., Knowlton, C.,
…Beeder, A. (2010) Reducing HIV and AIDS
through prevention (RHAP): theoretically
based approach for teaching HIV prevention to
adolescents through an exploration of popular
music. Journal of Urban Health, 87(3): 440–
451.
Class Activity Questions
1. Which constructs of the SCT were used as the
basis of the RHAP intervention and why?
2. What is the explanation the authors provide for
why the theoretical concept of Reciprocal
Determinism is applicable to the RHAP approach for
HIV prevention
Class Activity Questions
3. Identify one other construct that may be
consistent with the approach used in this program,
and explain why.
…
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