Expert answer:creating a plan of care
Expert answer:Creating a Plan of Care Utilizing the information you have gathered over the weeks regarding the specific illness group you identified, this week, you will create a plan of care for your chronic illness group. Create the plan in a 4- to 6-page Microsoft Word document (the 4–6 pages include the holistic care plan). Include the following in your plan: Start the paper with a brief introduction describing the chronically ill group you selected and provide rationale for selecting this illness and the participants. Clearly identify the Healthy People 2020 topic chosen and why this topic was chosen. You will want to compile the information gathered from Weeks 1–4 over 2 to 3 pages. This should be in APA format and paragraph form. This is not to be copied and pasted from previous assignments. It is to be a summary of each week. The paper should include the care plan for your chronic illness group organized under the following headings: Nursing Diagnoses Assessment Data (objective and subjective) Interview Results Desired Outcomes Evaluation Criteria Actions and Interventions Evaluation of Patient Outcomes You will need to ensure that the care plan is holistic and includes at least 3 nursing diagnoses related to the topic and interview results from the previous weeks. Include strategies for the family or caregiver in the care plan and provide your rationale on how they will work. Include a reference page to provide reference for all citations for the paper as well as the care plan. On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format. Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources. This handout will provide you the details of formatting your essay using APA style. You may create your essay in this APA-formatted template. Submission Details Name your document SU_NSG4055_W5_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc. Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
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Running head: CHRONIC ILLNESS
1
Chronic Illness
Devan Frison
NSG4055
Instructor: Daniel Lane
South University
November 14, 2017
CHRONIC ILLNESS
2
Type 2 Diabetes
On the topic and chronic disease represented in the healthy people, 2020 is diabetes
specifically type 2 diabetes (Barnett 2012). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a combination of
resistances of the resistance of the insulin and inadequate insulin production. Diabetes is ranked
as the seventh largest cause of deaths in the United States of America. According to healthy
people 2020 statistics, 86 a million adults are ill with diabetes. Globally, 195 million people are
affected by diabetes both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Further, it is estimated that this
number is steadily rising, and 330 million people will be living with diabetes in the year 2030
(Etats-Unis 2010).
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by affecting the elderly people. Currently, 15% of people
at 60 years and above are affected by diabetes. With the increased prevalence of comorbid
illnesses specifically types 2 diabetes, there has been an increase in functional disability that
contributes hindrances in managing this condition. 28% of the elderly people with diabetes go
undiagnosed and are vulnerable to improper management of the illness. This is largely attributed
to the fact that most of the people in age group of over 60 years have similar symptoms that are
considered normal at their age, and the same time are symptoms associated to diabetes. In
addition, caregivers to these individuals do not completely understand the challenges and the
exact help these group desperately require to manage the illness properly. It is therefore
imperative to understand the challenges and issues that the elderly people face and would want to
be addressed in order to have effective management of diabetes. Outlined below is a
questionnaire directed to elderly people aged between 60 to 75 years with diabetes. The aim of
the question is asking questions in respect to what are the issues they deem relevant and
CHRONIC ILLNESS
3
important to them that if they are addressed, they would be in a better position to manage the
illness effectively.
Questionnaire
1. Do you know the signs and symptoms of diabetes
2. Do you know the procedure and steps to take in case you witness signs of diabetes
3. Do you understand the procedures and steps that you are told by the medics to do in order
to manage the condition
4. Do you understand the reason to abstain from certain foods substances
5. In your opinion, do you think you are given any information by the health practitioners?
If yes, do you think it is helpful
6. Do you see any importance and relevance of taking the medicine and other
supplementary substances to manage your illness
7. Do your caregivers explain to you the importance of observing all the rules as prescribed
by the medics
8. Do caregivers listen to your concerns and preferences and do they take action in favor of
your issues you raise.
9. How often do you exercise and how do you exercise
10. Do you smoke
11. Do you have a meal plan
CHRONIC ILLNESS
4
12. How often do you take test
13. Do you strictly follow doctor’s rules and stipulation
The plan
From the questionnaire, it was realized that there is a lot the elderly people don’t know
about the diseases. It was confirmed that they do not know the sign and symptoms related to the
illness. For this, this plan is intended to do the following outlined measures to ensure that all
elderly people with diabetes type 2 are able to manage the condition effectively.
Education
This will be the first step to ensuring that elderly people with diabetes are able to manage
the condition with ease and cooperation. It was observed that most of the affected people do not
know the sign and symptoms of developing diabetes. In addition, it was further indicated that
they do not know the importance of dietary changes and supplements given to them. These are
steps aimed at educating them on the signs and symptoms of developing diabetes, and symptoms
of deteriorating health to those that are aware that are diabetic. In addition to eliminating chances
of them, not cooperating, educating them on the importance of adhering to dietary changes as
stipulated by the doctors was important. This will ensure that they cooperate to take medicine
and embrace the changes made in the diet (InNg 2017). Further, education will ensure that they
are in the know of how the condition can be managed.
Regularly take test
The second step is to emphasize on regularly taking tests. Taking test both blood pressure
test and A1C test will assist to know the state and level of the illness. In addition, the test will
CHRONIC ILLNESS
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assist in the regulation of the blood pressure the insulin levels. This is the basic way in which
diabetes is managed and therefore emphasizing on the regular test will ensure that management
of the illness does not go out of hand at any given time (InNg 2017).
Regular exercise
It was confirmed that most of the elderly people do not do a regular physical exercise.
This, they claim is due to the fact they feel thirsty very fast, they get tired very fast and they pant
at high rates. To eliminate all these, it is recommended that they should embark on a regular
exercise to ensure that they are able to distribute cholesterol well. Further, regular exercise
ensures that all body fats are burned and therefore no chances of obesity and other diseases.
Strict follow up on meal plan
It was confirmed that a number of the patients do not strictly follow the meal plan and
therefore managing the condition becomes hard. Consumption of an improper type of food for
diabetic people is problematic since this condition relies heavily on once lifestyle. To be able to
manage the condition properly, the plan stipulates that patients should strictly follow up the meal
plan to avoid further complication. Stipulated meals ensure that cholesterol, glucose and blood
pressure are at desirable levels (Kaufman 2012).
Take only recommend drugs
The strict taking of the right medicine assists in managing the condition with ease. This
plan stipulates that patient should strictly take medics at the directed levels and at the prescribed
times. Further, for all individuals who take alcohol, cigarette and any other drug that is
considered as drug abuse should stop. Consumption of alcohol, cigarette, and other drugs worsen
CHRONIC ILLNESS
the condition, therefore, making it hard to manage (Kaufman 2012). The proper taking of
medicine ensures that all blood pressure levels, glucose levels, and cholesterol levels are
maintained at favorable levels. This makes it easy to manage the condition
Summarily, diabetes as one of the chronic diseases is a manageable condition, especially
with the right plan. Proper education of the symptoms on how to manage it forms the basic step
in the plan. Further, regular exercises, proper medication, and adherence to doctor’s prescription
can assist in managing the condition with ease. The patients are advised to maintain a healthy
living as per doctor’s recommendation. If the above-outlined plan is followed, patients with
diabetes type 2 will have an easy life managing the illness.
6
CHRONIC ILLNESS
7
References
Barnett, A. H. (2012). Type 2 diabetes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etats-Unis., Centers for disease control and prevention (Etats-Unis), & National center for health
statistics (Etats-Unis). (2012). Healthy people 2010: Final review. Washington (D.C.:
Government printing Office.
In Ng, Y. K. E., & In Etehadtavakol, M. (2017). Application of infrared to biomedical sciences.
Kaufman, F. R., & American Diabetes Association. (2012). Medical management of type 1
diabetes. Alexandria: American Diabetes Association.
Running head: SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
Support Structure: Diabetes Mellitus
November 28, 2017
Support Structure: Diabetes Mellitus
1
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
2
Support Needs
The supports need to be addressed for TJ have been arranged regarding his most urgent
need descending. The criteria for used to discern how each support is crucial to TJ has been done
in consideration with his age and in adherence with objectives of healthy people 2020 in
diabetes.
Information
To TJ, at his age and his susceptibility to death due to his condition, information becomes
an essential protection for him. Unlike other conditions, diabetes is all about those decisions a
patient knowingly and unknowingly makes when alone. These are the decisions that determine
whether that patient improves as the doctor has envisioned and within the allocated time gap.
Therefore, it is essential that a patient is armed with the right information to tackle diabetes and
protect themselves from situational failures. TJ seems to know a lot concerning his condition, but
he seems to lack the understanding that comes with failure to live a strict healthy lifestyle. For
example, he takes his drugs faithfully and has an understanding of coping skills, but he does not
seem to understand how his lifestyle affects his status.
Possessing the right information and choosing to adhere to it is perhaps the determinant of
life and death for TJ. The correct information for TJ will help him address the following:
a) Have an understanding regarding his condition and how it is affected by the choices he
makes on a daily basis. This will allow him to make the right healthy decisions that will
help him tackle the condition effectively. For example, he will be able to understand the
relationship between food and his condition
b) Understand how his condition is reliant more on lifestyle decisions than on medicine. TJ
seems to only regard medicine as the definitive factor in addressing diabetes. He neither
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
3
exercises, practices a healthy lifestyle, nor partakes healthy meals. This is dangerous for
TJ as his reliant on medicine will affect his body’s ability to withstand the medicine’s
effect.
c) Information is a crucial aspect of managing diabetes. With the right information and
adherence, management is easy, and TJ can help in fulfilling healthy people 2020
objectives of reducing the burden of diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life for
those suffering (Himself), at risk, or are affected by it (Healthy People, 2017).
Nutritional Support
Diabetes is a food condition. Intake or lack thereof affects diabetes significantly.
Therefore, it is vital that a person knows and understands the importance of food in managing
diabetes. For TJ, food does not seem to be a priority for him. He categorically states that he does
manage his dietary habits. Even with the right medication, lack of a strict diet plan will
significantly affect TJ. TJ needs a diet plan in the form of:
a) A routine visit to a nutritionist every single time he goes for his monthly or weekly
diabetes clinics. A link between a nutritionist and his doctor will help in stabilizing his
condition as part of reducing the dependency on meds and managing it naturally and
healthily. It will also allow the doctor to determine how effective the medicine is to TJ
while at the same time help him live more healthily.
b) A diet plan that guides him on the many options he has regarding healthy foods. A lot of
people suffering from diabetes lack options beyond their basic understanding, which are
healthy. This leads to them indulging in unhealthy foods as a way of satisfying their
choices. Also, most people do not have a correct understanding of the rations and
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
4
portions that they should partake. Instead, they eat healthily but excessively, which fails
to record as healthy eating.
c) A home support plan that guides and helps him adhere to the diet plan. It is challenging
for any person to faithfully comply with a diet plan alone or without the help of those
they are living with. A home care support plan need to implement with those TJ lives
with, to ensure they understand the gravity of his condition, help him in preparing those
meals, and provide the support structure needed to allow him to adhere to the
requirements of such a diet plan (Healthy People, 2017).
Social Care Support/Support Group
Diabetes is a complicated condition, especially for a person of TJ’s age. At 63 years, TJ
is in a period where he may be easily dissolution or troubled by his condition. Perhaps it is the
reason he continues smoking, rarely exercises, and eats unhealthily. He needs a support plan that
will help him manage his condition faithfully and efficiently (Kirk et al. 2013). This can be in the
form of community social groups or through hospital arranged support groups. A majority of
hospitals create diabetic support groups that help people living with diabetes interact and share
their own experiences. This is an essential step towards the treatment of diabetes, especially for
an old person like TJ. He needs a support group within his area to help him in the management of
the condition. Such a support group will help address the following:
a) A support group will be very crucial in assisting TJ to understand more about his
condition and strive to manage it effectively. A support group entails sharing of one’s
experiences and failures in the management of the condition. This will allow TJ to
understand that the difficulties he is experiencing in managing the condition are not
unique to him and that he can effectively manage them if he sets his heart to it.
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
5
b) A support group will help TJ to adopt healthy behaviors by interacting with his peers and
learning how to manage the condition easily. At his age, TJ will have difficulty shedding
off his bad habits, but an interaction with his peers will allow him to understand how
crucial and beneficial it is for him to shed bad lifestyle behaviors like smoking.
c) Support groups are educative, and not only are they educative regarding clinical aspect of
diabetes, but also nutritional wise, and healthy living. They will also provide TJ with the
company he needs to understand, accept, and adopt healthy living practices. Living with
family members who lack the understanding or the knowledge of managing diabetes can
be challenging concerning trying to cope and manage the condition. A support group is
the best option TJ has in being able to manage his condition healthily (Healthy People,
2017).
Implementing Objectives of Healthy People 2020
The primary objective of Diabetes in the healthy people 2020 plan is to reduce the burden
of disease in people suffering from diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life in people
suffering or those at risk of it.
Healthy Lifestyle Plan
The implementation of a healthy lifestyle plan starts with educating the patient, then
involving his family, and providing consistent support throughout for the patient. Once
diagnosed the healthcare facility must make sure that they provide all the information the patient
needs in understanding what is happening to them, why it has happened, what will happen in
future, and how they can manage the condition effectively. The healthcare practitioner
responsible must ensure that they educate and involve their family in the care plan. Finally, the
healthcare facility must provide a consistent but reliable support system for the patient.
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
6
Clinical Support
Diabetes cannot be managed solely on healthy living. Therefore clinical support is
needed to ensure that a patient has the right medication and understand how their body is
reacting to medication. It is a crucial step towards guaranteeing a patient’s modulation of their
personal life together with that of their condition.
Support Group
The hospital, the doctor, and the family can only do so much, beyond which, the patient
requires outside and unmetered help. This makes support groups very essential and critical
elements of diabetes support. A patient must have a support group that allows them to make
mistakes and correct them as adequately and efficiently as they can. The psychological part of
diabetes can only be managed through social interactions that help them cope with the condition.
Home Intervention
A patient spends over half of their time in their homes. This means that the home
environment must be conducive enough to the patient to allow them to feel comfortable and cope
with the condition at hand. The family members must understand the patient and strive hard to
provide the best conditions for them to manage and control the condition as effectively and
efficiently as they can (Office of Population Affairs, 2014).
References
SUPPORT STRUCTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS
7
Healthy People. (2017). Healthy People 2020: Diabetes. Retrieved from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/diabete
Kirk, J, Ebert, C., Gamble, G., & Ebert, E. (2013). Social Support Strategies in Adult Patients
with Diabetes: A Review of Strategies in the USA and Europe. MEDSCAPE. 2013; 8(4):
379- 389. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/809125
Office of Population Affairs. (2014). Reproductive Health and Healthy People 2020. New York:
CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Running Head: LOCATING COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL RESOURCES FOR
DIABETES PATIENTS
Locating Community and National Resources for Diabetes Patients
December 5, 2017
1
LOCATING COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL RESOURCES FOR DIABETES PATIENTS 2
Introduction
Community or national resources refers to those resources at community or national level
that can be used by the vulnerable community members to improve the quality of their life and the
life of the community in general. People suffering from chronic conditions, homeless families, the
elderly among other vulnerable population may find these resources helpful in enabling them to
meet their individual and family needs (Krymskaya, 2016). It is imperative to understand that the
objective of the community or national resources is to help the vulnerable population in the
community maneuver their life processes. In other words, these resources are the strengths of the
communities as they help community members meet their needs and improve community life.
Community resources can take different forms depending on the diverse needs of the vulnerable
population within the community (Krymskaya, 2016). It can be community service that enhances
the community; it can be public transport, early childhood education center, cultural organization
or community centered health organization that focuses on providing healthcare needs and other
diverse needs of the vulnerable population.
In the context of diabetes- an illness group chosen, it is important to focus on the
community resources that best meet the diverse needs of the diabetic population. It is worth noting
that diabetic people have diverse healthcare needs that they may not be able to get within their
families. These needs may include but not limited to medical needs, care needs, psychological
support needs, copying needs, needs for diet and exercise, needs for addressing their complication
and their overall everyday needs among others. In most cases, the diabetic population may not be
in a position to receive these needs within their families, and this requires a careful selection of the
appropriate community resources that can enable the diabetic community meet their diverse needs
(Krymskaya, 2016).
LOCATING COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL RESOURCES FOR DIABETES PATIENTS 3
Diabetes can seem to be an overwhelming disease because it impacts different areas of life.
It is therefore essential to have support for families, friends and the community support programs
to help those with diabetic condition meet their individual needs. At the national level, several
resources have been established by the federal government to help assist the diabetic population …
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