Expert answer:Blood Pressure Report

Expert answer:Please follow the instruction showing the word files. Turnitin will be used for this task and above 5% of similarity will be classified as “plagiarism”. The answer of the question part will need to be accurate, this section will be cross-checked by the team.
blood_pressure_and_heart_rate_result.docx

criteria_of_the_report_and_answering_questions.docx

heart_rate_background_information.pdf

heart_rate_background_information.pdf

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Blood pressure and heart rate at rest
My result
Sitting
1
2
3
Mean
Standard
Deviation
Systolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
106
121
114
113.7
7.51
Diastolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
82
77
82
80.3
2.89
Heart rate
(beats/min)
65
67
66
66.0
1.0
Pulse pressure
(mmHg)
24
44
32
33.3
10.1
Systolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
130
118
114
120.7
8.33
Diastolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
90
92
88
90.0
2.0
Heart rate
(beats/min)
78
91
85
84.7
6.51
Pulse pressure
(mmHg)
40
26
26
30.1
8.08
Standing
1
2
3
Mean
Standard
Deviation
Blood pressure and heart rate following exercise
My result
Time after exercise
(min)
0
1.5
3
4.5
6
Systolic blood pressure
(mmHg)
118
115
113
111
105
Diastolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
74
73
78
72
82
Heart rate (beats/min)
Systolic blood pressure
(mmHg)
132
122
108
101
105
Diastolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
72
76
72
79
80
Heart rate (beats/min)
Systolic blood pressure
(mmHg)
152
134
120
117
114
Diastolic blood
pressure (mmHg)
78
64
73
68
68
Heart rate (beats/min)
142
116
103
109
101
Another group result
Time after exercise
(min)
0
1.5
3
4.5
6
141
119
114
103
110
Third individual result
Time after exercise
(min)
0
1.5
3
4.5
6
104
59
65
58
56
Write up (Introduction and Methods sections are not required.)
Only results, discussion (answering the questions) and reference are required.
Part one
Blood pressure and heart rate at rest
1. Draw a table of the results obtained from the subject. The table should include the raw
data, the means and standard deviations (given to the appropriate number of decimal
places) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure* and heart rate when the
subject was sitting and when they were standing.
*Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings.
2. Using the mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and heart
rate, test whether there is a statistically significant difference between the mean results
for each parameter when your subject was sitting and when the subject was standing.
State which statistical test was used and why, and show how you applied the test
using one of the parameter as an example*. Clearly state what you conclude from
your test and why.
*NB: state hypotheses, show the steps required to obtain a probability (p-value) from the
data and then state conclusion. (Not to describe how to input data into a statistical
package)
Unpaired T-test should be used in this part.
Blood Pressure and heart rate following exercise.
1. Plot graph to show the changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and
heart rate following exercise for your subject, the other group’s subject and the fit
individual. Present your data in a way that allows you to best compare the three subjects.
2. Estimate how long it take for each subject to recover in term of systolic blood pressure,
diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Explain the basis for your estimates.
3. What do the data (graphs and estimates) suggest about the three individuals in terms of
relative fitness?
*NB: Scatter graphs with labeling, comparing 3 individuals.
Part 2 Answering questions
Questions
The following questions relate to the regulation of blood pressure under normal conditions and
by pharmacological intervention. Each question should be address separately: answer should be
clear, concise and focused directly on the question asked. Remember to cite any reference
sources used in the answers and try to use appropriate physiology resources.
1. Describe the cardiovascular events that occur when an individual rises from a sitting
position and then remains standing for a few minutes.
2. In the context of your answer to the first question, briefly discuss the results that you
obtaining during the first part of the practical (blood pressure and heart rest at rest) Your
answer should suggest why there were (or were not) any differences between mean
results obtained for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and
heart rate when the subjects was standing and sitting.
3. Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure, how do beta blockers effect cardiac
activity and reduce hypertension. Why should nonselective beta-blockers be avoided
by people with (i) asthma and (ii) diabetes?
4. ACE inhibitors can also be used to control hypertension. How do they work in this
context and why are they particularly suitable for younger patients?
5. How do (i) potassium channels activators and (ii) nitrates reduce blood pressure? What is
the main disadvantage of nitrates compared to potassium channel activators?
Part 3 Reference
…
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