Expert answer:assignment for BUIS
Expert answer:I. Answer the following questions, based on the material in Chapter 8, User Interface Design. ( i will attach the powerpoint ) 1. Explain Apple’s view of user interface design, especially for apps.
2. List the eight main guidelines for user interface design. How would you rank them in order of
importance? Explain your answer.
3. What are input masks? What are validation rules? Why are they important?
4. How has input technology changed in recent years? Provide examples of traditional, evolving, and
emerging input technology.*** no palgrasiem will be accepted for this work
tilley11e_ppt_ch08.pptx
apply_your_knowledge_chp8.docx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Chapter 8
User Interface Design
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1
Explain the concept of user interface design
and human-computer interaction, including
basic principles of user-centered design
Explain how experienced interface designers
perform their tasks
Describe rules for successful interface design
Discuss input and output technology issues
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2
Design effective source documents and forms
Explain printed output guidelines
Describe output and input controls and
security
Explain modular design and prototyping
techniques
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
3
Goal of systems design – To build a system
that is effective, reliable, and maintainable
◦ A system is:
Effective if it supports business requirements and
meets user needs
Reliable if it handles input errors, processing errors,
hardware failures, or human mistakes
Maintainable if it is flexible, scalable, and easily
modified
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4
Will It Succeed?
◦ Suggestions for successful design
Think like a user
Carefully examine any point where users provide input or
receive output
Anticipate future needs and provide flexibility
Anticipate possible expansion
Offer several alternatives
Manage data effectively
System should enter and verify data as soon as possible
Input data must be close to its source
A secure system must include audit trails
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
5
Users can design their own output
◦ System designers are more aware of user needs
and desires
Centralized IT departments no longer
produce reams of printed reports
◦ Customer-designed output is the current trend
The user interface has evolved
◦ Most user information needs can be met with
screen-generated data
◦ Continues to evolve with the use of mobile and
wearable devices
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6
Describes how users interact with a computer
system
◦ Comprises features that affect two-way
communications between the user and the
computer
Central to usability
◦ In a user-centered
system, the distinction
blurs between input,
output, and the
interface itself
FIGURE 8-2 Apple has long been a leader in creating
elegant user interfaces for its products.
Source: Apple
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
7
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
◦ Describes the relationship between computers and
people who use them to perform their jobs
◦ Early user interfaces – Complex commands and
graphical user interface (GUI)
◦ Transparent user interface: Does not distract the
user
◦ Objective – To create a
user-friendly design that is
easy to learn and use
Figure 8-3 HCI is essential to employee productivity,
whether the work is done in a traditional office setting or
on a construction site like the one shown in this figure.
Goodluz/Shutterstock.com
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
8
Understand the Business
◦ The interface designer must understand:
The underlying business functions
How the system supports individual, departmental,
and enterprise goals
Maximize Graphical Effectiveness
◦ A well-designed interface enables rapid learning
Think Like a User
◦ The designer must see the system from a user’s
perspective
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
9
Use Models and Prototypes
◦ Designers can present initial screen designs to
users in the form of a storyboard
Users should test the design and provide feedback
Focus on Usability
◦ Include main options in the
opening screen
◦ Offer a reasonable number
of choices that a user easily
can comprehend
FIGURE 8-5 The opening screen displays the main options
for a student registration system. A user can click an option to
see lower-level actions and menu choices.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
10
Invite Feedback
◦ Monitor system usage and solicit user suggestions
◦ Determine if system features are being used as
intended by observing and surveying users
Document Everything
◦ Document all screen designs for later use by
programmers
◦ User-approved sketches and storyboards can be
used to document the user interface
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
11
Create an Interface That Is Easy to Learn and
Use
◦ Focus on system design objectives
◦ Create a design that is easy to understand and
remember
◦ Provide commands, actions, and system responses
that are consistent and predictable
◦ Allow users to correct errors easily
◦ Clearly label all controls, buttons, and icons
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
12
Create an Interface That Is Easy to Learn and
Use (Cont.)
◦ Select familiar images that users can understand
Provide on-screen instructions that are logical,
concise, and clear
◦ Show all commands in a list of menu items
Dim any commands that are not available to the user
◦ Make it easy to navigate or return to any level in the
menu structure
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
13
Enhance User Productivity
◦ Organize tasks, commands, and functions in
groups that resemble actual business operations
◦ Create alphabetical menu lists or place the
selections used frequently at the top of the menu
list
◦ Provide shortcuts for experienced users
◦ Use default values if the majority of values in a field
are the same
◦ Use a duplicate value function, but allow users to
turn this feature on or off as they prefer
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
14
Enhance User Productivity
(Cont.)
◦ Provide a fast-find feature
◦ If available, consider a natural language feature that
allows users to type commands or requests in
normal text phrases
Provide Users with Help and Feedback
◦ Ensure that help is always available on demand
◦ Provide user-selected help and contextsensitive help
◦ Provide a direct route for users to return
to the point from where help was requested
◦ Include contact information
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
15
Provide Users with Help and Feedback
(Cont.)
◦ Require user confirmation before data deletion
◦ Provide an “Undo” key
◦ When a user-entered command contains an error,
highlight the erroneous part
◦ Use hypertext links to assist users
◦ Display messages at a logical place on the screen
◦ Alert users to lengthy processing times or delays
◦ Allow messages to remain on the screen long
enough for users to read them
◦ Let the user know whether the task or operation
was successful or not
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
16
Figure 8-7 This menu hierarchy shows
tasks, commands, and functions organized
into logical groups and sequences. The
structure resembles a functional
decomposition diagram (FDD), which is a
model of business functions and processes.
Figure 8-8 The main Help screen for a
student registration system.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
17
Provide Users with Help and Feedback
(Cont.)
◦ Provide a text explanation for an icon or image on a
control button
◦ Use messages that are specific, understandable,
and professional
Create an Attractive Layout and Design
◦ Use appropriate colors to highlight different areas
of the screen
◦ Use special effects sparingly
◦ Use hyperlinks that allow users to navigate to
related topics
◦ Group related objects and information
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
18
Create an Attractive Layout and Design
(Cont.)
◦ Display titles, messages, and instructions in a
consistent manner
◦ Ensure that commands and similar mouse actions
will have the same effect
◦ Require the user to confirm the entry by pressing
Enter or Tab
◦ Remember that users are accustomed to a pattern
of red = stop, yellow = caution, and green = go
◦ Provide a keystroke alternative for each menu
command
◦ Avoid complex terms and technical jargon
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
19
Enhance the Interface
◦ Opening screen is important as it introduces the
application
The starting point can be a switchboard with wellplaced command buttons for navigation
◦ Use a command button to initiate an action
◦ Try to create customized menu bars and toolbars
◦ Add a shortcut feature that lets a user select a
menu command
◦ If variable input data is needed, provide a dialog
box that explains what is required
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
20
Enhance the Interface
(Cont.)
◦ A toggle button makes it easy to show on or off
status
◦ Use list boxes that display the available choices
◦ Use an option button, or a radio button, to control
user choices
◦ If check boxes are used to select one or more
choices from a group, show the choices with a
checkmark or an X
◦ When dates must be entered, use a calendar control
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
21
FIGURE 8-10 A data entry screen
for the student registration
system. This screen uses several
design features that are described
in the text. When a user clicks the
Find Student command button, a
dialog box is displayed with
instructions.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
22
Focus on Data Entry Screens
◦ Use the form filling method whenever possible
◦ Restrict user access to screen locations where data is
entered
◦ Provide a way to leave the data entry screen at any
time without entering the current record
◦ Provide a descriptive caption for every field
◦ Provide a means for users to move among fields on
the form in a standard order or in any order they
choose
◦ Allow users to add, change, delete, and view records
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
23
Focus on Data Entry Screens
(Cont.)
◦ Design the screen form layout to match the layout
of the source document
◦ Display a sample format like MMDDYY and use an
input mask
◦ Require an ending stroke for every field
◦ Do not require users to type leading zeros for
numeric fields or trailing zeros for decimals
◦ Display default values
◦ Provide users with an opportunity to confirm the
accuracy of input data before displaying it
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
24
FIGURE 8-12 Microsoft Access provides various input masks for dates, phone numbers, and
postal codes, among others. In addition, it is easy to create a custom mask using the
characters shown here.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
25
Focus on Data Entry Screens
(Cont.)
◦ Use a default value when a field value will be
constant for successive records or throughout the
data entry session
Use Validation Rules
◦ Sequence check: Used when the data must be in
some predetermined sequence
◦ Existence check: Applies to mandatory data items
◦ Data type check: Tests to ensure that a data item
fits the required data type
◦ Range check: Used to verify that data items fall
between a specified minimum and maximum value
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
26
Use Validation Rules
(Cont.)
◦ Reasonableness check: Identifies values that are
questionable, but not necessarily wrong
◦ Validity check: Used for data items that must have
certain values
◦ Combination check: Performed on two or more
fields to ensure that they are consistent or
reasonable when considered together
◦ Batch controls: Totals used to verify batch input
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
27
FIGURE 8-13 Microsoft Access provides validation rules can improve data quality by requiring the input to
meet specific requirements or conditions.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
28
Reduce Input Volume
◦ Input necessary data only
◦ Do not input data that the user can retrieve from
system files or calculate from other data
◦ Do not input constant data
◦ Use codes as they are shorter than the data they
represent
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
29
Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO): Quality of
the output depends on the quality of the
input
Source document: Collects input data,
triggers an input action, and provides a
record of the original transaction
A good form layout makes the form easy to
complete and provides enough space
◦ Information should flow on a form from left to right
and top to bottom
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
30
Order and placement
of printed fields
should be logical
Totals should be
identified clearly
FIGURE 8-14 Source document
zones.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
31
Questions to be considered before designing
printed output
◦ Why is this being delivered as printed output?
◦ Who wants the information, why is it needed, and
how will it be used?
◦ What specific information will be included?
◦ Will the printed output be designed for a specific
device?
◦ Do security or confidentiality issues exist?
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
32
Overview of Report Design
◦ Organizations strive to reduce the flow of paper
and printed reports
Users find it handy to view screen output, then print
the information they need
◦ Printed output is used in turnaround documents
◦ Reports must be easy to read and well organized
Database programs such as Microsoft Access include a
variety of report design tools to create reports quickly
and easily
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
33
Types of Reports
◦ Detail reports: Produce one or more lines of output
for each record processed
Can be quite lengthy
◦ Exception reports: Display only those records that
meet specific conditions
Useful when the user wants specific information
◦ Summary reports: Reports that provide
comprehensive data
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
34
User Involvement
◦ Users must approve all report designs in advance
A mock-up, or prototype, can be prepared for the
users to review
Report Design Principles
◦ Every report should have a report header and footer
Report header: Identifies the report, and contains the
report title, date, and other necessary information
Report footer: Contains end-of-report information
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
35
Report Design Principles
(Cont.)
◦ Page headers and footers
Page header: Includes the column headings that
identify the data
Page footer: Displays the report title and the page
number
◦ Repeating fields
Users’ opinion helps provide clarity
◦ Consistent design
Look and feel are important to users, so reports should
be uniform and consistent
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
36
FIGURE 8-15 The Employee Hours report is a detail report with control breaks,
subtotals, and grand totals. Notice that a report header identifies the report, a page
header contains column headings, a group footer contains subtotals for each store, a
report footer contains grand totals, and a page footer identifies the page number.
Copyright ©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
37
Output Technology
◦ In addition to screen output and printed matter,
output can be delivered in many ways
◦ Actual forms, reports, and documents have to be
created to be accessible from workstations,
notebooks, tablets, smartphones, and other devices
◦ Internet-based information delivery
Allows users to download a universe of files and
documents to suppo …
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
How it works
- Paste your instructions in the instructions box. You can also attach an instructions file
- Select the writer category, deadline, education level and review the instructions
- Make a payment for the order to be assignment to a writer
- Download the paper after the writer uploads it
Will the writer plagiarize my essay?
You will get a plagiarism-free paper and you can get an originality report upon request.
Is this service safe?
All the personal information is confidential and we have 100% safe payment methods. We also guarantee good grades