Expert answer:ARTICLE REVIEW The Forgotten Pioneer

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The JBHE Foundation, Inc
The Forgotten Pioneer of African-American History
Source: The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 18 (Winter, 1997-1998), p. 93
Published by: The JBHE Foundation, Inc
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2998775
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BLACK HISTORY MONTH
The Forgotten Pioneer of African-American History
African-American historian George Washington Williams was largely forgotten until John Hope Franklin
restored his work to the canon of American scholarship on the history of the Negro race.
In 1945 in
thetheyoung
John
HopeCollege
Franklin
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at North
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After his military service, Williams settled in Hannibal,
Missouri, where he was licensed as a Baptist minister. In
Durham. This was the beginning of his landmark historical
early 1869 he heard of the establishment of Howard
study From Slavery to Freedom. As he was searching the
University and wrote a long letter to the institution’s
library’s stacks, Franklin came across a two-volume work
founder, General Oliver Otis Howard, seeking admission to
entitled A History of the Negro Race in America From
the university. General Howard was highly impressed with
1619-1880: Negroes as Slaves, Soldiers
the young Williams and within a few
weeks Williams enrolled at the universi?
and as Citizens. The book’s author was
George Washington Williams, a person
ty. His tenure at Howard was a short
of color unknown to Professor Franklin.
The History of the Negro Race in
one. He did not register for the falN 869
semester but studied instead at the
America was published by G.P. Putnam’s
Wayland Seminary in Washington.
Sons in 1882. The 1,000-page book
The next year Williams applied to the
Newton Theological Institute in Mass?
began with an extended discussion of
African civilization and then proceeded
achusetts. Williams did not meet the
to a detailed examination of black people
in the New World. Williams’ treatise was
entrance requirements but was admit?
the only comprehensive work on
course for general students. After com?
ted to Newton’s two-year English
African-American history until Carter G.
pleting the English course in 1872,
Woodson’s The Negro in Our History,
which was published 40 years later in
Williams advanced to Newton’s theo?
logical program. Normally, a three-year
curriculum, Williams finished it in two
1922.
Franklin’s discovery of the George
George Washington Williams
Washington Williams work cleared up a lot
of mysteries about African-American history. Finding this
book also raised a number of new mysteries. Foremost in
Franklin’s mind was the question: Who was this early
years.
Williams later moved to Cincinnati and
immersed himself in political activities. In 1879 Williams
became the first black legislator in Ohio’s history.
On the evening of March 2, 1885, President Chester A.
African-American historical scholar who had fallen into
Arthur, hours before vacating the office of the presidency,
obscurity? It was a question that became a 40-year obsession
appointed Williams to the post of ambassador to Haiti. The
Senate confirmed the nomination, but the new administra?
for Professor Franklin, culminating in his book, George
Washington Williams, A Biography, published in 1986.
George Washington Williams was born in Bedford
Springs, Pennsylvania, in 1849, the son of free blacks. As a
tion of President Grover Cleveland, the first Democrat to
win the presidency since the Civil War, promptly revoked
the appointment.
boy, he received little formal education but was trained as a
Until the end, Williams was an irrepressible adventurer
barber, at a house of refuge for wayward youth. When
and crusader. Shortly before he died, Williams embarked on
blacks were first permitted to join the Union Army in 1864,
an extensive tour of Africa. The sum of that trip was an
the 15-year-old Williams lied about his age and enlisted
open letter to King Leopold II of Belgium, harshly criticiz?
under an assumed name. In September 1864 he was wound?
ing the monarch and his country’s policies in the Belgium
Congo.
ed at the assault on Fort Harrison about five miles outside
Richmond, Virginia. After the end of the Civil War he
served as a mercenary for the army of Mexican General
Espinosa. He later reenlisted in one of the four all-Negro
units of the U.S. Army. After he was wounded in Indian
Territory, Williams received a medical discharge in
George Washington Williams died of pleurisy in
Blackpool, England, on August 2,1891. He left an estate of
$149.68, the sum remaining after the American consul in
England had auctioned off Williams’ possessions and paid
his debts. Williams was buried in England in an unmarked
September 1868. At the time of his discharge, the veteran
grave and largely forgotten until John Hope Franklin
Williams, twice wounded in service to his country, was only
restored his work to the canon of American scholarship on
18 years old.
the history of the Negro race.
WINTER 1997/1998
93
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