Expert answer:Analysis of all the kings horses
Expert answer:Theme: Identify and discuss the basic theme of the work. (If there are multiple themes,choose the one you think is most important.)Imagery: Explain the imagery of the work and show how it works to develop the theme Rememberthat imagery includes descriptive language, sensory language, metaphors, and similes.Symbols: Explain any symbols and how they work to support the theme. Be wary of findingsymbols where none exists. A northern tempest, for example, does not symbolize cold,windy weather because a northern tempest is cold, windy weather. It may, however, standfor approaching disaster, for example, because this type of weather often brings with itstorms of considerable force. Such an interpretation, of course, must be in accord with thetheme and imagery of the novel; therefore, you must argue logically and present sufficientdetails to support your contention of symbolic content.
20171128152108essay_204_20_final___1_.pdf
20171128154328_all_20the_20king_s_20horses__20_ray_20bradbury___5_.pdf
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Essay #4 (Final): Literary Analysis
Instructor: Linda Rosenkranz
“The Shawl” (Cynthia Ozick)
“Rosa” (Cynthia Ozick)
“All the King’s Horses” (Kurt Vonnegut)
Due No Later than TUESDAY, DEC 5, 11:55 pm
Late Papers will not be accepted.
This is the assignment handout for Essay #4, the final essay. It counts 15% of the semester grade.
Please do not ignore these guidelines. If you do, you’ll probably do poorly on the assignment and might
even fail it. Let me know if you have any questions – I’m glad to help.
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC:
Choose one of the short stories above and write a formal explication (3 ½ – 5 pages) that includes the
following literary elements: theme, imagery, and symbols.
Theme:
Identify and discuss the basic theme of the work. (If there are multiple themes,
choose the one you think is most important.)
Imagery:
Explain the imagery of the work and show how it works to develop the theme Remember
that imagery includes descriptive language, sensory language, metaphors, and similes.
Symbols:
Explain any symbols and how they work to support the theme. Be wary of finding
symbols where none exists. A northern tempest, for example, does not symbolize cold,
windy weather because a northern tempest is cold, windy weather. It may, however, stand
for approaching disaster, for example, because this type of weather often brings with it
storms of considerable force. Such an interpretation, of course, must be in accord with the
theme and imagery of the novel; therefore, you must argue logically and present sufficient
details to support your contention of symbolic content.
NOTE: The paper should be an organized, well-supported essay (3 ½ – 5 pages).
Be sure to discuss all three elements: one in each body paragraph (theme, imagery, and symbols). Twentyfive points will be deducted for each missing literary element.
1. ABOUT THE ASSIGNMENT: In-text citations must include correct page numbers from the stories
posted in Canvas. The only sources allowed for writing the assignment are the stories, lecture
notes, and other files in Canvas. That’s the only way I can figure out the correct page numbers. If I
cannot locate the textual evidence with the page numbers you provide in your in-text citations, a zero
will be recorded for the grade – no exceptions.
2. Your essay must be 3 ½ – 5 pages, have an appropriate, original title, contain an introduction – with a
brief overview/summary of the work and a narrowed thesis statement (please underline it), at least
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three body paragraphs that support the thesis, and an appropriate, concluding paragraph.
3. NOTE: The essay exam should be a serious, scholarly paper where your gut feelings and personal
preferences play very little role. This is the time to show off your analytical skills, rather than
strictly your emotions. This is a formal paper, and you avoid using first and second-person words like
I, you, your, yours, me, mine, we, us, and ours. (Instead, you might think about using reader or
readers.)
4. Remember that you are not summarizing the story but responding to it in a critical manner. You should
include textual evidence (quotations) from the text but should not summarize or retell the story, as well
as in-text citations that acknowledge the page numbers. Again, all textual evidence should be in the
form of direct quotations from the story itself.
5. Be sure to incorporate sources correctly: use signal phrases and in-text citations. No paper will
receive a passing grade without supporting textual evidence (quotations) and in-text citations.
You do not need a Work or Works Cited page, as all work must come from files posted in Canvas.
6. Your paper should have a definite thesis statement that defines your approach and lets readers know
what will be discussed in the essay. You also should narrow the thesis to include the three or more
ways (or reasons) that the one, main, controlling idea will be discussed throughout the paper. You
should support your discussion with well-chosen textual evidence that shows and helps explain what
you mean.
7. HELP FOR WRITING ABOUT ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
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Checklists: The Elements of Literature.
The Elements of Fiction: The Beginning of Analysis
How to Write about Theme: Reading and Writing the Human Condition
How to Write about Imagery
How to Write about Symbols and Archetypes in Literature
How to Write about Diction and Tone in Literature
Suggestions for Writing about Literature
Writing a Literary Analysis
8. OTHER RESOURCES FOR WRITING THE ESSAY:
There are many ways to craft a rhetorical analysis – but I would especially try to use ideas you’ve
learned about argumentation in the files posted in Canvas about how to organize and write the essay:
• Textual Evidence
• How to Write the Five Paragraph Essay
• Steps in Writing the Five Paragraph Essay
• How to Introduce a Quotation
• Long Quotes, Short Quotes, In-Text Citations
• Sample MLA First Page
• Basic Rules for MLA In-Text Citations
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Major Word Blunders
9. MLA MANUSCRIPT FORMAT
• Times New Roman 12 font
• Pagination in upper right corner in the header area
• Double-spacing
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MLA Heading in left corner of the page – not in header area
½ inch indent for first line of each new paragraph
No extra spaces between paragraphs or other lines
One-inch margins
Left Margin justification (no full or center Justified margins)
See file “Sample MLA First Page.”
Essays missing correct MLA document format will lose ten points.
10. NO OUTSIDE SOURCES are allowed in writing the essay – this is your work. Using an outside
source is an automatic grade of zero on the paper. You do not need a Works Cited.
11. ORGANIZATION: In addition to an original title, your essay should be 5 or more paragraphs that
follow Aristotle’s Classical Scheme of Argumentation, as follows:
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Title (your own title – it should be original, indicating slant or direction your paper will take –
do not use the title of the story or other vague title).
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Introduction (Context and Thesis Statement):
o First or second sentence should provide title of story, author’s full name, and date of
publication.
o Brief summary/overview of the novel or play that provides context (who’s who, what’s what,
when, and where).
o Thesis statement, the last sentence in the introductory paragraph that states what you will prove
(your main idea) and the three ways/reasons that will be used to develop the main idea.
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Three Body Paragraphs with a topic sentence in each (underlined).
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Conclusion.
12. QUOTATIONS
First thing to remember: quotations cannot stand alone – they cannot be placed in a sentence all by
themselves. You need to make each quotation a part of your paper by introducing it beforehand with a
signal phrase and then commenting on it afterward. Choose your quotes judiciously.
13. When you are finished writing your essay, send the final draft to Turnitin where an Originality
Report will be generated. Download the Report to your computer. Look it over, make changes if you
want to your paper. When you are satisfied with your essay, you should upload the final copy of your
essay as an attachment to Canvas, along with the Originality Report.
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You will upload two files (a third file is optional if you worked with the tutor).
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Please do not upload your essay as a PDF file. You should send a Microsoft Word file to the
Assignments tool – again, DO NOT SEND A PDF FILE (I can’t type notes in PDFs). It’s fine to
upload the Originality Report as a PDF, as I don’t make notes in it.
14. UpSwing Tutoring
You are encouraged but not required to submit a draft of your essay to the tutors for extra help. Please
allow 36 – 48 hours for the tutors to work with your paper. I recommend that you go to the UpSwing
link to check the latest turn-around time.
Five extra points will be awarded if
• You provide a copy of the tutor’s comments when you upload your paper.
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Be sure to send the tutor a copy of the assignment handout – otherwise, they can’t be expected to
understand the assignment.
Your essay shows evidence that you’ve incorporate the tutor’s recommendations into your final
essay.
NOTE: Do not send the tutor’s recommendations if you did not incorporate them into your
final paper. If you do send them and haven’t actually incorporate the tutor’s help into your
paper, 5 points will be deducted from your paper.
15. ORGANIZATION OF THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
A. TITLE AND INTRODUCTION
The title should not repeat merely the title of the story –instead, make it your own – it should
indicate the slant or direction your paper will take. In the introduction, you should include an
overview of the work and end the paragraph with a thesis statement (please underline it).
The introduction should include:
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Title of short story typed in quotation marks.
Example: “The Shawl”
Name of the author
Date of publication
Anything particularly significant about the author and story.
Four to six sentences that summarize the work and provide context: the who’s who, what’s
what, when, and where. Do NOT assume readers have read the story.
The thesis statement as the last sentence in the introduction.
This one sentence is the most important in your entire essay. It lets readers know up front
exactly what will be discussed throughout the paper, and it also includes the three or more ways
(or reasons) that the main idea will be discussed throughout the paper.
1. STRATEGIES FOR INTRODUCTIONS
• Ask a question (either rhetorical or one that asks for an answer).
• Relate an incident.
• Use a striking quotation.
• Make an historical comparison or contrast.
2. Openings to AVOID
a. Avoid a vague generality or truth. Don’t extend your reach too much with a
line like Throughout human history . . . or In today’s world . . . or Nowadays .
. . These are far too verbose.
b. A flat announcement. Do not write The purpose of this paper is to . . . or In
this essay, . . . or I will show how . . . or This paper will prove . . .
c. An apology. Don’t fault your opinion or your knowledge with I’m not sure if
I’m right, but . . . or I don’t know much about this, but . . . or a similar line.
B. BODY PARAGRAPHS
1. Body paragraphs make up the rationale/reasons you use to prove your thesis sentence. They
develop your thesis statement. In an essay that’s understandable and interesting to readers, you
must provide plenty of solid information to support your thesis statement – your claim. You need
to work this information into the body paragraphs.
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2. In other words: each body paragraph states a topic sentence that supports and develops
the thesis statement. Make sure the topic sentence advances the main idea – not simply repeat
the thesis statement. This one sentence is the most important statement in the body paragraph,
as it lets readers know up front what will be discussed in the paragraph. The body paragraphs
also should provide supporting evidence in the form of quotations from the text. Choose the
evidence judiciously. Is it the best you can find? Be sure it’s convincing.
3. A paragraph may be coherent, but it is inadequate if you skimp on details. If a body
paragraph lacks development, it is not complete – it does not support your thesis statement –
and you have not proved your point.
FOR FULL CREDIT: all three elements of literature must be discussed.
Twenty-five points will be deducted for each missing element.
C. CONCLUSION
1. Your conclusion should artfully end your paper, rather than simply cutting the reader off abruptly.
The conclusion need not be long; after all, a conclusion by definition is short. One point: new
material should never be introduced in this section.
2. Your essay should end with a closing statement that signals that you have not simply stopped
writing but have actually finished. The conclusion completes an essay, bringing it to a climax, while
assuring you that the readers have understood your intention. It’s the last impression you leave with
the audience.
3. Effective Conclusions
• Re-state/re-word your thesis statement (in different words).
• Provide final thoughts about the connection between the literary elements and the story.
• Think about how the story may have been different if the author had not focused on the literary
devices you chose.
4. Conclusions to AVOID
a. A literal repeat of the introduction. Don’t simply replay your introduction – the conclusion
should capture what the body paragraphs have added to the introduction.
b. A new direction. Don’t introduce a subject different from the one your essay has been about. If
you arrive at a new idea, this is probably a signal to start fresh with another thesis statement.
c. A sweeping generalization. Don’t conclude more than you reasonably can expect from the
discussion you’ve presented. For example, if your essay is about Edith Wharton’s strategic use
of irony, you cannot reasonably conclude that all authors use irony.
d. An apology. Don’t cast doubt on your essay. Don’t say, Even though I’m no expert or This
may not sound convincing, but I believe that it’s true or anything similar. Rather, show
confidence if you want to win the readers’ confidence.
16. HOW TO CITE LINES OF PROSE (SHORT STORIES, NOVELS, PLAYS)
(Prose is ordinary writing – not poetry.)
MLA acknowledgment is made with signal phrases and in-text citations.
A. SHORT QUOTE:
When you acknowledge a quotation from a short story that is four lines or less, you should cite it
with an in-text citation that acknowledges the page number.
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Example:
Author William Faulkner describes Miss Emily as a memorable citizen of this Southern town and
provides clues about her personality with “She carried her head high enough – even when we
believed that she was fallen. It was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity
as the last Grierson; as if it had wanted that touch of earthiness to reaffirm her imperviousness”
(11).
In the example above, the in-citation signals that the quoted words can be found on page 11. The
author’s name is already integrated into the signal phrase – there is no need to type his name again
inside the in-text citation. A signal phrase indicates that something taken from a source (a
quotation, summary, paraphrase, or a fact) is about to be used. Signal phrases mark the boundaries
between outside source material and your own words.
RULE FOR A SHORT QUOTE: Type quotation marks around 4 or less lines from an essay (or
short story or novel). Type the lines you quote exactly as they appear in the original. The end
punctuation – the period – should be typed after the last parentheses – not after the last word.
A. If you are quoting five or more typed lines: You must block or indent the quotation. A block quote
is made up of 4 or more lines of prose indented 10 spaces from the left margin, double-spaced, and
introduced with a colon (not a period). The end punctuation should be typed before the last quotation
marks.
Example #1 of a Block Quote (Prose):
Faulkner ends his story with Miss Emily’s funeral:
They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily
beneath a mass of bought flowers with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly
above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men – some in their
brushed Confederate uniforms – on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if
she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they had danced with her and
courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to
whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no
winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the
most recent decade of years. (21)
In the example above, the in-citation lets readers know that the quoted words are on page 21 of
the story posted in Canvas. The ten lines above make up a block quote. The lines are blocked –
indented 10 spaces from the left margin and introduced by a colon. Quotation marks should
be omitted.
RULE FOR A BLOCK QUOTE: If you are quoting FIVE or more typed lines of prose, you
should omit the quotation marks and block/indent the lines 10 spaces from the left margin. A
colon should be used to introduce a block quote. Type the lines exactly as they appear in the
original. The end punctuation – the period – should be typed before the first parentheses.
Example #2: Block Quotation (FIVE or More Typed Lines of Prose):
Quotations of five or more typed lines should be set off – indented 10 spaces from the left
margin (not the right), introduced with a colon, with double spacing, and no quotation
marks, such as the following:
A quote of five or more typed lines should be blocked – not four or fewer typed
lines BUT 5 or more lines. The lines in a blocked quote are indented ten (10) spaces
from the left margin. With long quotes, no quotation marks are used, and the in-text
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citation is placed after the period at the end of the quotation. There is no period
placed after the in-text citation. Note, too, that a colon (not a comma) introduces the
long quotation. This is a sample of a long quote. It is important that you do not
overuse long quotes. (Rosenkranz 1)
19. OTHER TIPS
A. Persuade the audience that you are an authority, and you know the subject matter well – all of it.
B. DO NOT USE first-person I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, or second-person you, your and yours in
business and academic writing. The essay is objective and formal, and these pronouns should not be
used.
C. Show that words have power. Demonstrate that your argument is convincing, strong, powerful,
and persuasive.
20. LENGTH
A. The average paragraph contains between 100 and 150 words or between 8 -12 sentences. The actual
length of a paragraph depends on the complexity of your topic. Note: Very short paragraphs are
often inadequately developed; they often leave the reader with a sense of incompleteness.
AND very long paragraphs often contain irrelevant details or develop two or more topics – thus,
readers may have a hard time following, sorting out, or remembering ideas. So, be clear and
focused. Therefore: your paper should be a 5-paragrah essay that is 3 ½ – 5 pages.
B. When you’re revising your essay, re-read the paragraphs that seem very long or very short, checking
them especially for clarity, focus, and development. If a paragraph wanders, cut everything from it
that does not support the topic sentence. I’ll be looking for paragraphs with a topic sentence in each,
supporting details that develop the one topic sentence in the paragraph, and textual evidence.
21. WAYS TO IMPROVE YOU CHANCES ON THIS ESSAY
A. Avoid writing your essay in one or two writing sessions just before the deadline. Start early. Do
not expect to write the essay quickly. The assignment itself is not particularly demanding, but
the process is. People lead busy lives; time is limited. No matter how much time you think you
will need, things generally take longer than we expect.
B. Return to your Essays #1 and #2 and review the notes and recommendations. Avoid repeating
these same mistakes, as the penalty will be double.
C. Know what you’re talking about – because if you don’t, your paper has no merit and may be
only an opinion. The assignment calls for an argument – not opinions that are not backed up with
evidence.
D. Use signal phrases to introduce quotations. Smoothly integrate your own views with supporting
quotations (acknowledged with in-text citations). Remember that words have power. Beginning
upfront, you have the potential to strengthen, distinguish, and individualize an essay.
E. After writing your rough draft, look at what you’ve written. Decide which parts you actually
want to include in your paper. Pull together the various sections of your …
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